J, koj, shineharafi na goma a cikin haruffan Ingilishi na zamani da haruffan Latin na ISO na asali . Its saba sunan Turanci ne <i>jay</i> (pronounced /dʒ eɪ / ), da yanzu-nadiri bambance-bambancenjy /dʒ aɪ / .[1][2] Lokacin amfani a cikin International karin lafazi Alphabet ga <i>y</i> sauti, zai iya yiwuwa a kirayod kojod (furta /j ɒ d / ko /j oʊ d / ).
Littafin yara daga shekara ta1743, yana nuna Ni da J an ɗauke su azaman harafi ɗaya
HarafinJ amfani da za a yi amfani da matsayin swash harafina, amfani da harafi na a karshen Roman numerals lokacin da wadannan wata I, kamar yadda a XXIIJ ko xxiij maimakon XXIII ko XXIII ga Roman adadi wakiltar 23. Wani amfani na musamman ya fito a Tsakiyar Babban Jamusanci . Gian Giorgio Trissino {1478-1550} shine farkon wanda ya bambanta I da J a bayyane a matsayin wakiltar sauti daban-daban, a cikin littafinsa na istpistola del Trissino de le lettere nuωvamente aggiunte ne la lingua italiana (" wasiƙar Trissino game da haruffan da aka ƙara kwanan nan cikinharshen Italiyanci ") ) na shekara ta 1524.[3] Asali, 'I' da 'J' sun kasance siffofi daban -daban don harafi ɗaya, duka daidai suke/i/,/iː/, da/j/ ; duk da haka, harsunan Romance sun haɓaka sabbin sautuna (daga tsohon/j/ da/ɡ/ ) waɗanda aka wakilta a matsayin 'I' da 'J'; saboda haka,Ingilishi J, wanda aka samo dagaFaransanci J, yana da ƙima mai ƙima sosai da/j/ (wanda ke wakiltar sautin farko a cikin kalmar Ingilishi "y et")
A Turanci, ⟩ fi wakiltar affricate /dʒ/ . A Old Turanci, da phoneme/dʒ/ ya wakilta orthographically da ⟩ da ⟩ Ƙarƙashin rinjayar Old Faransa, wadda take da irin wannan phoneme deriving daga Latin/j/ English malaman Attaura suka fara amfani da ⟩ (daga baya ⟩ su wakilci kalma-farko/dʒ/ a Old Turanci (misali,i Est kuma, daga bayaj Est), yayin da yin amfani da ⟩ da sauran wurare (misali,yaDG e)[4] Daga baya, da yawa wasu amfani da ⟩ (daga baya ⟩ da aka kara a loanwords daga Faransa da kuma sauran harsuna (misaliadj oin,j unta) A farkoharshen Turanci littafin yi da bambanci a fili tsakanin ⟩ da ⟩ shi ne juyi na King James 1st Revision Cambridge a shekara ta 1629 da kuma wani English nahawu littafin da aka buga ashekara ta 1633.[5] A aro kalmomi kamarraj, ⟩ iya wakiltar/ʒ/ A cikin wasu daga cikin waɗannan, gami daraj,Azerbaijan,Taj Mahal, daBeijing, lafazin/dʒ/ yana kusa da lafazi na asali, yana yin amfani da/ʒ/ misali na tsinkayen girman kai . Lokaci-lokaci, ⟩ wakiltar ainihin/j/ sauti, kamar yadda aHallelujah daFjord (ga Yodh domin qarin bayani) A kalmomi na Spanish asalin, inda ⟩ wakiltar voiceless velar fricative [ x ] (kamarjalapeño) English jawabai yawanci m tare da voiceless glottal fricative /h / .
A Turanci, ⟩ ne karo na hudu kalla akai-akai amfani da harafi a kalmomi, kasancewa mafi m kawai fiye da ⟨ ⟨ kuma ⟨ Yana, duk da haka, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin sunaye masu dacewa, musamman sunaye na mutum.
A cikin harsunan Rum, ⟩ ya kullum ci gaba daga asalin palatal approximant darajar aLatin zuwa wasu irin fricative . AFaransa, Portuguese, Catalan, kuma Romanian an fronted da postalveolar fricative /ʒ / (kamar ⟩ in Englishmeas Ure). A Spain, da bambanci, an biyu devoiced da kuma goyon baya daga wani a baya /ʝ / wani ba-rana /x / ~ /h /, tare da ainihin karin lafazi ganin dangane da magana ta yare.
Gabaɗaya, ⟨j⟩ baya yawan kasancewa a cikin daidaitaccen haruffanItaliyanci na zamani. Kawai dace sunaye (kamar Jesi da Letojanni ),Latin kalmomi ( Juventus ), ko kuma wadanda aro daga kasashen waje harsuna da ⟩ A dace sunaye da kuma Latin kalmomi ana furta a matsayin palatal approximant /j /, yayin da kalmomin aro daga kasashen waje harsuna ayan bi da harshen ta pronunciation na ⟩ Har cikin karni na 19th, ⟩ aka yi amfani maimakon ⟩ a diphthongs, kamar yadda wani zai maye gurbin karshe-ii, kuma a wasali kungiyoyin (as aSavoja) wannan doka ta kasance mai tsauri a rubuce na hukuma. ⟩ ana amfani ga sa /j / a harshe kuskure,misali Romanesco yare ⟩[ajo] (tafarnuwa. Gwama Italianaglio[aʎo] A Italian mawallafin Luigi Pirandello amfani ⟩ a wasali kungiyoyin a cikin ayyukansu da aka rubuta a cikin Italiyanci. ya kuma ya rubuta a cikin 'yan qasar Sicilian harshe, wanda har yanzu yana amfani da harafin ⟩ su wakilci /j / (da kuma wani lokacin ma [dʒ] ko [gj], dangane da yanayi) Harshen Maltese yaren Semitic ne, ba yaren Romance ba; amma an warai rinjayi su (musamman Sicilian) da kuma shi yana amfani da ⟩ ga sauti / j / (cognate na Semiticyod)
Daga cikin harsunan da bana Turai da suka soma da Latin rubutun, ⟩ tsaye ga /ʒ / aTurkiyya da kuma Azerbaijani, domin /ʐ / a Tatar . ⟩ tsaye ga /dʒ / a Indonesiya, Somali, Malay,Igbo, Shona, Harshen Oromo, Harshen Turkmen, kuma Zulu . Yana wakiltar faɗar magana mai ƙarfi /ɟ / in Konkani,Yoruba, daSwahili . A Kiowa, ⟩ tsaye ga wata voiceless alveolar plosive, /t /.
DominSin harsuna, ⟩ tsaye ga /t͡ɕ / aMandarin Sin PinYin tsarin, da unaspirated kwatankwacin ⟩ /t͡ɕʰ /) A Wade-Giles, ⟩ tsaye ga Mandarin Sin /ʐ /. Pe̍h-œ-Ji na Hokkien da Tai-lo ga Taiwan Hokkien, ⟩ tsaye ga /z / da /ʑ /, ko /d͡z / da /d͡ʑ /, dangane da wasulla. A Jyutping for Kannada, ⟩ tsaye ga /j /.
The Royal Thai Janar System of kwafi ba ya amfani da harafin ⟩ ko da yake da shi da ake amfani a wasu dace sunayen da wadanda ba misali transcriptions su wakilci ko daiจ[tɕ] koช[tɕʰ] (wanda ke biye da tushen tushen Pali/Sanskrit)
A romanized Pashto, ⟩ wakiltar ځ, ya furta[dz]
AQaniujaaqpait haruffan da Inuktitut harshe, ⟩ ake amfani da su rubũtunsa /j /.
1 Hakanan don rikodin rikodi akan ASCII, gami da DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 da Macintosh iyalai na rikodi.
Unicode kuma yana da bambance -bambancen mara iyaka, ȷ (U+0237) Da farko ana amfani da shi a Landsmålsalfabet da lissafi. Ba a yi nufin amfani da shi ba tare da diacritics tunda j j na al'ada an yi taushi a Unicode (wato, an cire ɗigon idan za a sanya diacritic a sama; Unicode ya ci gaba da cewa, misali i+ ¨ ≠ ı+ ¨ da iri ɗaya yana da gaskiya ga j da ȷ)[7]
A cikin Unicode, kwafin 'J' don amfani azaman yanayin sautin musamman a cikin tarihin harsunan Girka an sanya shi a cikin toshe rubutun Girkanci kamar ϳ (Unicode U+03F3) Ana amfani da shi don nuna ƙyalli na sarauta/j/ a cikin mahallin rubutun Girkanci. Ana kiranta "Yot" a ma'aunin Unicode, bayan sunan Jamusanci na harafin J. An ƙara babban juzu'in wannan wasiƙar zuwa Unicode Standard a U+037F tare da sakin sigar 7.0 a watan Yuni a shekara ta 2014.
A cikin harafin Wingdings taMicrosoft, harafin "J" an sanya shi azaman fuskar murmushi (wannan ya bambanta da alamar lambar Unicode U+263A, wanda ke fassara ☺︎) A cikin aikace -aikacen Microsoft, ":) ana maye gurbinsa ta atomatik tare da murmushin da aka sanya a cikin takamaiman fuskar font lokacin ƙirƙirar takaddun rubutu mai ƙarfi ko imel na HTML. Za'a iya kashe wannan fasalin fasalin ta atomatik ko a canza shi zuwa murmushi na Unicode.
A cikin lambobin farantin lasisi na duniya, J yana wakiltarJapan .
A cikinlissafi,j yana ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin hasashe guda uku na ƙima .
Hakanan a cikinlissafi,j yana ɗaya daga cikin vectors raka'a uku.
A cikin tsarin awo, J shine alamar joule, SI da aka samu donmakamashi .
A wasu fannonin kimiyyar lissafi, injiniyan lantarki da filayen da ke da alaƙa,j alama ce ga ƙungiyar hasashe (tushen murabba'i na −1) (a wasu fannoniana amfani da harafin i, amma wannan zai zama mai rikitarwa kamar yadda shima alama ce don halin yanzu ).
AJ iya zama wani irin harshe na dabam ambatacce ga wani hadin gwiwa ( marijuana taba)
A cikinBurtaniya a ƙarƙashin tsohon tsarin (kafin a shekara ta2001), farantin lasisin da ya fara da "J" misali "J123 XYZ" zai yi daidai da abin hawa da aka yi rajista tsakanin 1 ga Agusta, a shekara ta 1991 da 31 ga Yuli, a shekara ta 1992. Hakanan a ƙarƙashin tsohon tsarin, farantin lasisi wanda ya ƙare da "J" misali "ABC 123J" zai yi daidai da abin hawa da aka yi rajista tsakanin 1 ga Agusta, ashekara ta 1970 da 31 ga Yuli, 1971.
