Illinois Jiha ne dagajihohin ƙasarTarayyar Amurka, a tsakiyar ƙasar. Jihar Tarayyar Amurka ne daga shekara ta alif 1818.Mafi girman yankunanta shine Chicago da yankin Metro East na. Sauran yankuna na birni sun hada daPeoria da Rockford, da kuma Springfield, babban birninta, da Champaign-Urbana, gida ga babban harabar jami'ar flagship ta jihar. Daga cikin jihohi hamsin naAmurka, Illinois tana da mafi girma na cikin gida na biyar (GDP), Jerin Jihohin Amurka da yankuna ta yawan jama'a|mafi yawan jama'a na shida, da yanki na 25 mafigirma
Masanan Amurka a baya sun yi tunanin sunanIllinois yana nufin 'mutum' ko 'maza' a cikin yaren Miami-Illinois, tare da asaliniliniwek .canza ta hanyar Faransanci zuwa Illinois.[1][2] Harshen Illinois ba ya goyan bayan wannan ilimin ƙa'idar, kamar yadda kalmar "mutum" ita ceireniwa , kuma jam'in "mutum" shineireniwaki. Sunan mahaif an kuma ce yai, na nufin 'kabilar manyan mazaje',[3] wanda shineƙa'idar ƙarya.
SunanIllinois ya samo asali ne daga kalmar aikatau ta Miami-Illinoisirenwe·wa</link> 'yana magana akai akai'. An ɗauke wannan cikinharshen Ojibwe, ƙila a cikinyaren Ottawa, kuma an canza shi zuwailinwe·</link> (jama'a kamarilinwe·k</link> ). Faransawa sun aro waɗannan fom, suna rubuta/we/</link> ƙarewa as-ois</link> ,fassarar wannan sautin a cikin Faransanci na wancan lokacin. Tsarin rubutun na yanzu,Illinois, ya fara bayyana a farkon shekarun 1670, lokacin da masu mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka zauna a yankin yamma. Sunan Illinois da kansu, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a cikin ƙamus na zamanin mishan na Faransa guda uku na Illinois, shineInoka</link> , ma'anar da ba a sani ba kuma ba tare da alaƙa da sauran kalmomin ba.[4]
Wayewa ta bace a cikin karni na 15 saboda dalilai da ba a san su ba, amma masana tarihi da masu binciken kayan tarihi sun yi hasashen cewa mutanen sun lalata albarkatun kasa. Ƙabilun ƴan asalin ƙasar da yawa sun yi yaƙi akai-akai. A cewar Suzanne Austin Alchon, "A wani wuri a tsakiyarkwarin kogin Illinois, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukan manya sun mutu sakamakon mummunan rauni."[5] Babban iko na gaba a yankin shineƘungiyar Illinois ko Illini, ƙawancen siyasa.[6] Kamar yadda Illini ya ƙi a lokacinBeaver Wars, membobinAlgonquian -speakingPotawatomi,Miami,Sauk, da sauran kabilu ciki har da Fox (Meskwaki ),Iowa,Kickapoo,Mascouten,Piankeshaw,Shawnee,Wea, da Winnebago (Ho-Chunk ) ) ya shigo yankin daga gabas da arewa kusa da manyan tabkuna.
A lokacinyakin basasar Amurka, Illinois ya zama na hudu a cikin sojojin da suka yi aiki (fiye da 250,000) a cikinRundunar Soja, adadi ya wuce New York,Pennsylvania, daOhio kawai. An fara da kiran farko na ShugabaAbraham Lincoln na sojoji da kuma ci gaba a cikin yakin, Illinois ta tattara runduna 150 na sojojin ƙasa, waɗanda aka ƙidaya daga na 7th zuwa na 156th. An kuma taru da dakarun sojan doki goma sha bakwai, da kuma rundunonin bindigu na kananan bindigogi guda biyu.[7] GarinAlkahira, a gefen kudancin jihar a mahadar kogin Mississippi da Ohio, ya kasance cibiyar samar da kayayyaki mai mahimmanci da cibiyar horar da sojojinTarayyar . Tsawon watanni da yawa, duka JanarGrant da AdmiralFoote suna da hedkwata a Alkahira.