Dokar Tsabtace Makamashi da Tsaro ta Amurka
bill(en)
Bayanai
Sunan hukuma	A bill to create clean energy jobs, achieve energy independence, reduce global warming pollution and transition to a clean energy economy
Gajeren suna	American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009
Mai-ɗaukan nauyi	Henry Waxman(mul)
Ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Applies to jurisdiction(en)	Tarayyar Amurka
Gagarumin taron	yin zabe

Dokar Tsabtacemakamashi da Tsaro ta Amurka ta 2009 (ACES) lissafin makamashi ne a cikin Majalisa ta 111 ta Amurka (H.R. 2454) wanda zai kafa bambancin shirin cinikin hayaki mai kama da Tsarin Cinikin Yankin Turai. Majalisar Wakilai ta amince da lissafin a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2009, ta hanyar kuri'un 219-212. Ba tare da yiwuwar shawo kan barazanar Republican ba, ba a kawo lissafin a bene na Majalisar Dattijai don tattaunawa ko zabe ba. Sashe na majalisar na lissafin shine "lokaci na farko kowanne gidan Majalisa ya amince da lissafin da ake nufi don hana iskar gas da masana kimiyya suka danganta da canjin yanayi".

An kuma san lissafin a matsayin Waxman-Markey Bill, bayan marubutan, Wakilan Henry A. Waxman naCalifornia da Edward J. Markey naMassachusetts, duka 'Yan Democrat. Waxman a lokacin shi ne shugaban Kwamitin Makamashi da Kasuwanci, kuma Markey shi ne shugaban kwamiti na makamashi na kwamitin.

Kudin ya ba da shawarar tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, wanda gwamnati za ta saita iyaka (ƙwanƙwasa) akan jimlar iskar gas da za a iya fitarwa a cikin ƙasa. Kamfanoni sai su sayi ko siyar da (ciniki) izini don fitar da waɗannan iskar gas, da farko CO. Ana rage murfin a hankali a tsawon lokaci don rage jimlar hayaki na carbon. Shirin da aka gabatar da shi ta hanyar doka zai rage yawan iskar gas yayin samar da kudaden shiga. Wani bincike na watan Yunin 2009 da Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisa (CBO) ya yi hasashen cewa shirin zai kasance mai tsaka-tsaki kuma zai kashe gidaje a matsakaita na $ 175 a kowace shekara. Dokar za ta saita iyaka akan jimlar hayaki a cikin 2012-2050 kuma za ta buƙaci ƙungiyoyi masu tsari su riƙe haƙƙoƙi, ko izini, don fitar da iskar gas. Bayan an rarraba alawus da farko, ƙungiyoyi za su kasance kyauta don saya da sayar da su (bangare na kasuwanci na shirin). Wadanda ke fitar da iskar gas da yawa suna fuskantar farashi mafi girma, wanda ke ba da ƙarfafawar tattalin arziki don rage hayaki. Abubuwan da ke cikin lissafin sun haɗa da:

• Yana buƙatar kayan aikin lantarki don biyan 20% na bukatun wutar lantarki ta hanyar makamashi mai sabuntawa (kamar iska, hasken rana, da geothermal) da kuma ingancin makamashi nan da shekarar 2020. Ana iya saduwa da 5% ta hanyar tanadin ingancin makamashi, tare da ƙarin 3% da za a iya ba da izini tare da takardar shaidar matakin jiha.^[1]
• Yana tallafawa sabbin fasahohin makamashi mai tsabta da ingancin makamashi, gami da makamashi masu sabuntawa ($ biliyan 90 zuwa 2025 don tallafin makamashi), fasahar kama carbon da tsare-tsare (CCS) ($ biliyan 60), lantarki da sauran motocin fasaha masu ci gaba ($ biliyan 20), da bincike da ci gaba na kimiyya na asali ($ biliyan 20).
• Yana kare masu amfani daga karuwar farashin makamashi. Dangane da kimantawa daga Hukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA), raguwar gurɓataccen carbon da doka ta buƙaci zai kashe iyalai na Amurka ƙasa da hatimi na gidan waya a kowace rana (kasa da $ 0.50 a kowace rana), game da $ 13.20 a wata, da $ 160.60 a shekara.^[2]
• Ya kafa manufa iri ɗaya don rage fitar dacarbon dioxide,methane, da sauran iskar gas kamar yadda ShugabaBarack Obama ya gabatar. Kudin ya buƙaci raguwar hayaki kashi 17 cikin 100 daga matakan 2005 zuwa 2020. Akwai tanadi inda za'a iya saduwa da kashi 5% na wannan ma'auni ta hanyar tanadin ingancin makamashi, da kuma ƙarin kashi 3% tare da takardar shaidar Gwamnan jihar da mai ba da sabis ke aiki. Sauran biyan kuɗi sun kasance $ 25 / MWh a keta ma'auni, an daidaita su don hauhawar farashi tun daga shekara ta 2010.
• Ya haɗa da ma'auni na wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa (kusan daidai da ma'anar fayil mai sabunta, amma an daidaita shi da makamashi na lantarki) wanda ke buƙatar kowane mai ba da wutar lantarki wanda ke samar da MWh sama da miliyan 4 don samar da kashi 20 cikin dari na wutar lantarki daga hanyoyin sabuntawa, hasken rana, da geothermal) nan da shekarar 2020. Akwai tanadi iska za'a iya saduwa da kashi 5% na wannan ma'auni ta hanyar tanadin ingancin makamashi, da kuma ƙarin kashi 3% tare da takardar shaidarGwamna jihar da mai ba da sabis ke aiki.

Sauran biyan kuɗi sun kasance $ 25 / MWh a keta ma'auni, an daidaita su don hauhawar farashi tun daga shekara ta 2010.

• Yana samar da sabuntawa wutar lantarki.
• Yana samar da fadada samar da motocin lantarki da sauran fasahar mota mai ci gaba.
• Yana ba da umarnin karuwa mai yawa a cikin ingancin makamashi a cikin gine-gine, kayan gida, da samar da wutar lantarki.

Shirin lissafin lissafin yana ba da kashi 85% na alawus ga masana'antu kyauta, yana siyar da ragowar. Za a yi amfani da kudaden shiga daga waɗannan alawus don tallafawa kiyaye gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a ƙasashen waje da kuma tallafawa gidaje masu karamin karfi. 30% na alawus za a rarraba kai tsaye ga kamfanonin rarraba na gida (LDCs) waɗanda aka ba su umarni su yi amfani da su ne kawai don amfanin abokan ciniki. 5% za su je ga janareto na kwal da sauransu tare daYarjejeniyar sayen wutar lantarki na dogon lokaci.

Wani binciken da aka yi a watan Yunin shekara ta 2009 da Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisa (CBO) wanda ba na jam'iyya ba ya nuna cewa lissafin zai kasance kusan tsaka-tsaki ga gwamnati a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa:^[3]

1. ↑"EPA Analysis of the American Clean Energy and Security Act"(PDF).Environmental Protection Agency Office of Atmospheric Programs. June 23, 2009.
2. ↑"Energy Market and Economic Impacts of H.R. 2454, the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009"(PDF).Energy Information Administration. August 2009.
3. ↑"H.R. 2454, American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 | Congressional Budget Office". Cbo.gov. 2009-06-05. Retrieved2016-09-14.

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