 'Yancin Dan Adam da canjin yanayi | |
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| structure | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na | canjin yanayi daHakkokin Yan-adam |
| Fuskar | Hakkokin Yan-adam daCanjin yanayi |
Hakkin Dan Adam da canjin yanayi tsari ne na ra'ayi da na shari'a wanda ake nazarin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya da alakarsu dadumamar yanayi na duniya, ana nazarin su, da kuma magance su. Gwamnatoci, kungiyoyinMajalisar Dinkin Duniya, kungiyoyin gwamnati da wadanda ba na gwamnati ba, masu ba da shawara kan kare hakkin dan adam da muhalli, da kuma masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da tsarin don jagorantar manufofin kasa da kasa kan canjin yanayi a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkinobho kan Canjin Yanayi (UNFCCC) da kuma manyankayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa.[1][2][3] A cikin 2022 Working Group II na IPCC ya ba da shawarar cewa "adalci na yanayi ya ƙunshi adalci wanda ke haɗa ci gaba da haƙƙin ɗan adam don cimma hanyar da ta dace da magance canjin yanayi".[4]
Binciken haƙƙin ɗan adam da 'yancin yanayi yana mai da hankali kan sakamakon da ake tsammani ga mutane da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru na muhalli na duniya ciki har da hauhawar matakin teku, hamada, karuwar zafin jiki, abubuwan da suka shafimatsanancin yanayi, da canje-canje a cikin hazo, gami dadaidaitawa da matakanragewa da gwamnatoci suka ɗauka don mayar da martani ga waɗancan abubuwan da suka haɗa da haƙƙin ɗan Adam ko kariya ta shari'a. Hanyoyi da yawa na shari'a game da canjin yanayi suna amfani da haƙƙin yanayi mai kyau, wasu haƙƙoƙi masu alaƙa ko wasu hanyoyin dokar muhalli masu tasowa, kamar haƙƙin yanayi, don ba da shawara ga sabon ko abin da ake buƙata ta gwamnatoci da masu zaman kansu, ta hanyar gabatar daAdalci na yanayi daShari'ar yanayi.
A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2021, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zartar da ƙuduri wanda ya amince da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga yanayi mai aminci, mai tsabta, lafiya da ɗorewa - ƙuduri 48/13.[5][6]
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A shekara ta 2005, mai fafutukar Inuit Sheila Watt-Cloutier ta gabatar da takarda ga Hukumar Inter-American kan 'Yancin Dan Adam tana neman taimako "daga take hakkin dan adam sakamakon tasirin dumamar duniya da canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da ayyukan da watsi da Amurka. "[7] An ki amincewa da takardar, amma Hukumar ta gayyaci kuma ta ji shaidar kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin' yancin dan adam da canjin sauyin yanayi daga wakilan Inuit a shekara ta 2007.
A wannan shekarar, Sanarwar Malé game da Dimension na Dan Adam na Canjin Yanayi na Duniya "ya bayyana a bayyane (kuma a karo na farko a cikin yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa) cewa 'canjin yanayi yana da tasiri a bayyane kuma nan take don jin daɗin haƙƙin ɗan adam' kuma ya yi kira ga tsarin haƙƙin ɗan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don magance batun a matsayin batun gaggawa"[8][9]
Canjin yanayi yana haifar da ba kawai gyare-gyaren muhalli ba, har ma yana tasiri ga zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, siyasa, al'adu da shari'a na al'ummomi a duniya. HRC ta tabbatar da cewa wajibai na haƙƙin ɗan adam suna da ikon karfafa manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa a fannin canjin yanayi.[10] Sanarwar Stockholm ta 1972 ta ba da tushe don ƙarin bayani game da haƙƙin ɗan adam ga ingancin muhalli.
Ba a haɗa kariya ta muhalli a cikin yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam ba. Maimakon haka, kariya ta muhalli ta samo asali ne daga haƙƙoƙin da waɗannan yarjejeniyoyin ke karewa, kamar haƙƙin rayuwa, abinci, ruwa da kiwon lafiya. Ci gaba, dokar kare hakkin dan adam a cikin mahallin manufofinCanjin yanayi na iya taimakawa wajen kafa mafi ƙarancin ka'idojin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali waɗanda za a iya karɓa a cikin matakan ragewa da daidaitawa na ƙasa da ƙasa.Yanayin wariyar launin fata shine yanayin al'amuran duniya, lokacin da masu arziki ne kawai ke iya tserewa daga sakamakon canjin yanayi. Kamar yadda Philip Alston, gwani na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, dumamar duniya za ta iya lalata dimokuradiyya da mulkin doka, ban da haƙƙin ɗan adam na rayuwa.[11]
Yawancin maganganun kasa da kasa game da haƙƙin ɗan adam da canjin yanayi sun jaddada tasirin tasirin canjin yanayi akan haƙƙinrayuwa,abinci,ruwa, kiwonlafiya,gidaje,ci gaba, da kumaƘaddamar da kai.[12] Wadannan hakkoki an lissafa su a cikin manyan tarurruka na dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa, kodayake ba duk mambobin HRC ko jam'iyyun UNFCCC ne masu sanya hannu kan waɗannan tarurruka ba.
Wannan ya samo asali ne daga Mataki na II na ICESCR inda Jihohin da ke cikin Alkawari dole ne su kara yawan albarkatun da suke da su don cimma damar samun isasshen abinci.[13] Canjin yanayi zai shafi dukkan ginshiƙai huɗu naTsaro na abinci; wadata, samun dama, amfani da kwanciyar hankali. Wani rahoto na 2008 da mai ba da rahoto na musamman ya bayar game da haƙƙin abinci ya bayyana cewa yadda duniya ke girma abinci dole ne ta sami canji mai ban mamaki don magance yawan jama'a da tasirin canjin yanayi, yayin da yake guje wa rushewar muhalli.[14] Yarjejeniyar Paris ta amince da muhimmiyar fifiko na tabbatar da tsaron abinci da kuma takamaiman rauni na tsarin samar da abinci ga mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi. Mataki na 2 yana kira ga daidaitawa da mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi da rage fitar da iskar gas a hanyar da ba za ta yi barazana ga samar da abinci ba.[15] Rahoton kimantawa na huɗu na IPCC ya tsara cewa samar da abinci zai karu a tsakiyar zuwa manyan latitudes tare da karuwar zafin jiki tsakanin 1 ° da 3 ° C, duk da haka a ƙananan latitudes an saita yawan amfanin gona don raguwa wanda ke kara haɗarin rashin tsaro na abinci a yankuna mafi talauci na duniya. Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kiyasta ƙarin mutane miliyan 600 za su fuskanci rashin abinci mai gina jiki saboda canjin yanayi.[16] Wannan na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri a Afirka ta Kudu.
Halin da ya haifar da ƙaura a halin yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin tasirin da aka fi jayayya daga canjin yanayi. Bincike ya nuna cewa canjin yanayi na iya haifar da sabbin mutane miliyan 50 zuwa 200 da suka rasa muhallinsu a cikin gida da'yan gudun hijira na duniya a shekara ta 2100.[17] "Mega-deltas" a Asiya, Afirka, da ƙananan tsibirai suna cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa, wanda zai haifar da ƙaura mai yawa na yawan mutanen yankin. Canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da ƙaura zai shafi ko ya keta ka'idojin haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya.0.[18]s.
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