She stoo kirpey ymmyrkee lossreeyn cuishlagh eesylem nyxylem. Shen assShenn Ghreagishξυλον (xylon), "fuygh". She fuygh ee y tylem share er enney, agh t'ee ry-akin er fud ny lus. T'ee ymmyrkey ushtey son y chooid smoo, agh t'ee ymmyrkeystoo beaghee myrane lesh.
Ta sylem currit da ymmyrkey ushtey as beaghey meainagh lheieagh jeh nyfraueyn dys rheynnyn elley y lus. T'ee gaanoaghey yn ushtey ta goll er coayl leshtrooid-ghaalaghey asco-haaghey sollysh. Tasapp sylem jeant magh jeh ushtey aseeaneyn neuorgaanagh, as ny keayrtyn, ta kemmigyn orgaanagh ayn myrgeddin. Cha nel ny stooghyn kirpey sylem baarailbree dy arraghey y sapp; ta ny stooghyn kirpey hene marroo. Ta daa phenomenon lhiggey da'n tapp arraghey:
Tayrntrooid-ghaalaghey: shegaalaghey ushtey ass killagynmesophyll eh ard-vun yn arraghey. T'eh cur er millioonyn dychorranyn çheet rish ayns boallaghyn ny killagyn mesophyll. Myr shen, taçhionnid eaghtyr curçhionnid er y 'liughid as tayrn eh cour ny killagyn mesophyll, as ersooyl jeh ny fraueyn.
Çhionnid fraue: My tacummys ushtey ny sloo (ny smoo obballagh) ec ny fraueyn na ec y thalloo, foddee ushtey goll stiagh 'sy fraueyn liorishtrooid-heeltaght. Son y chooid smoo, shen er y fa dy vel ramlheiagyn 'sy 'raue. Liorish yn ushtey goll stiagh, ta çhionnid ard 'sy fraue, as t'eh seiy yn ushtey seose cour ny duillagyn. Ny keayrtyn, ta'n sapp goll er seiy magh ass ny duillagyn trooidhydathodeyn, as ta bineyn beggey ry-akin orroo: shenbineal.
Tabun-sylem çheet er sylem ta jeant assprocambium rishaase toshee lossreeyn. T'ee goaill stiaghprotosylem asmetasylem; ta cuishlinyn as tracheidjyn metasylem ny shlea na adsyn t'ec protosylem.
Coniferae: ta fo-hylem ec dagh ooilley lus bearkanagh, as ta'n strughtoor echey colaik. Ta fo-hylem biljyn bearkanagh goll er creck myrfuygh bog.
Angiospermae: shimmey dooie angiospermagh t'ayn. Cha nel fo-hylem erbee ec nymonocotyn, agh t'eh ry-akin ayns possanyn elley. Ta fo-hylem ayn ny dyn rere dooie, as ny keayrtyn rere çhymbyllaght aase hene; t'eh ec y derrey villey, agh cha nel ec y billey elley 'sy dooie cheddin. Cha nel strughtooryn fo-hylem ny caghlaaghyn dooie casley rish y cheilley. Ta fo-hylem biljyn angiospermagh goll er creck myrfuygh creoi.
Ta feanish ayn jeh sylem fossylagh ass yneash Siluragh, 400 millioon bleeaney er dy henney, as luirg gollrish killagyn sylem unnaneagh ayns claghynOrdoviciagh s'leaie. Y feanish s'leaie jeh feer sylem, shen tracheidyn as brat scroddagh ec yvoalley killag oc. Shen y sorçh ynrican ta ry-akin ayns lossreeyn cuishlagh leah, as t'eh ry-akin foast ayns protosylem. Dy s'anmey, ren ymmodee possanyn aafilley tracheidyn spohttagh, liorishaafilley cochleanagh: ayns lossreeyn t'ayn jiu, cha nel tracheidyn spohttagh çheet rish neayr's ta'n metasylem er nappaghey.
Son y chooid smoo, she tracheidjyn spohttagh ad ny h-ard-chillagyn ymmyrkey. Ta tracheagyn cochianglt myr cuishley liorish tuill; ta'n ushtey gleashaghey liorishgleashaght stoo 'syn aght cheddin as ushtey ayns pioban, cha nel liorishskeaylley trooid yn'ar-chrackan killag. Er lesh lus-oayllee, ta sylem mastey ny binn scanshoil lhig da haink leshangiospermae.[2]. Agh cha nee angiospermae ynrican s'oc tracheagyn, as cha nel y lheid ec shiartanse dy henn linneeaghtyn angiospermagh, myr sampleyr,Amborellaceae,Tetracentraceae,Trochodendraceae, asWinteraceae).
Campbell, Neil A.;Jane B. Reece(2002).Biology, 6th,Benjamin Cummings.ISBN 978-0805366242.
Kenrick, Paul;Crane, Peter R.(1997).The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study.Washington, D. C.:Smithsonian Institution Press.ISBN 1-56098-730-8.
Muhammad, A.F.; R. Sattler(1982)."Vessel Structure ofGnetum and the Origin of Angiosperms".American Journal of Botany69(6).Botanical Society of America.doi:10.2307/2442898.
Melvin T. Tyree;Martin H. Zimmermann(2003).Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap, 2nd,Springer.ISBN 3-540-43354-6.
