TaPluto (assLadjyn:Plūto,Greagish:Πλούτων; cowrey:[10] as[11]), ny134340 Pluto myr t'eh enmyssit ny keayrtyn, y nahphlanaid crivassanagh smoo aynsCorys ny Greiney as y jeihoo nhee smoo ta n'gholl mygeayrt nyGreiney. Ec y toshiaght v'eh enmyssit myr planaid, agh 'sy vlein2006 neayr's ren ynUnnaneys Rollageydys Eddyr-Ashoonagh (IAU) coardail rish coontys jeh planaid as neayr's va sorçh noa dy choontys reaghit son corpaneyn speyrey, v'eh currit mastey nheeghyn aynsCryss Kuiper.
Ayns cosoylaght rish nheeghyn elley 'sy chryss, t'eh jeant seose ass creggyn as rio as t'eh feer beg: mygeayrt un wheigoo dy glout nyh-Eayst as un hrass jeh'n thummid eck. Tacruinlagh feercorragh as feercleaynt. Ta'n corrid eddyr 30 as 49AU (4.4–7.4 billioonyn km) magh ass y Ghrian, as myr shen, ny keayrtyn ta cruinlagh Pluto by niessey na cruinlaghNeptune. Ta'n ennymcorys çhyndaaee currit ny keayrtyn er Pluto as y fo-phlannad smoo echey,Charon myr cha nel çheshvean trimmid y daa red soit ayns y gherrey yeh na'n jeh elley.[12] Cha nel keeayllaght coardit ec yn IAU foast fo myn-phlanaidyn çhyndaaee, as myr shen ta Charon n'o-phlannad derrey dy vel keeayllaght ayn.[13] Ta kiare fo-phlannadyn beggey elley ec Pluto,Nix asHydra (feddynit magh ayns 2005),[14]Kerberos (feddynit magh ayns 2011) asStyx (feddynit magh ayns 2012).
Ayns ny1840yn, hooarUrbain Le Verrier rolaue soiaghey y phlanaid elley Neptune nagh vel er fys ec peiagh erbee, ny yei mynscrutaghey boiraghyn ayns cruinlaghUranus. Haink eh gys y çhaglym dy vel ny boiraghyn shoh eiyrtys tayrn ym-hayrn phlanaid elley as hug eh e earrooaghtyn gys y rollageyder GermaanaghJohann Gottfried Galle. Er23 Mean Fouyir,1846, yn oie ny yei roshys y screeuyn, feddyn Galle as e studeyrHeinrich d'Arrest maghNeptune ayns y hoiaghey dy vel enmyssit ec Le Verrier.[15]
Ec jerrey y 19oo eash, ny yei baghtyn sooilley er Neptune, heill rollageyderyn dy row planaid elley, myrane lesh Neptune, boirey cruinlagh Uranus. 'Sy vlein 1905, hugPercival Lowell (Bostonagh feer berçhagh ec y velThie Rollageydys Lowell bunnit echey ayns 1894) er bun shalee rheamyssagh ny lurg y nuyoo planaid enmyssit myr "Planaid X".[16] Ec y traa gys y vlein 1909, hug Lowell asWilliam H. Pickering sannish da co-ordnaidyn niauoilagh ny ghaa y phlanaid. V'ad ronsaghey veih'n vlein 1905 derrey e vaaish 'sy vlein 1916 agh va'n obbyr beggan foaynoo.
Va'n ronsaghey scuirrit derrey 1929, choud's hug y stiureyderVesto Melvin Slipher curryms y ronsaghey daClyde Tombaugh, eirinagh beg assKansas quoi haink kiart gys y thie rollageydys.
V'eh yn obbyr ec Tombaugh na dy yannoo jees dy fotografyn jeh'n speyr oie dagh kegeesh, as eisht, scrutaghey yn daa jeu as feddyn magh my vel red erbee scughit. Ren eh ymmyd jeh jeshaght cosoyleyder meekyn dys jeeagh er ny h-anchaslysyn scughit. Er18 Toshiaght Arree,1930, bunnys blein ny yei toshiaght yn obbyr, hooar eh magh red gleashagh er plaityn fotographagh veih'n23 Jerrey Geuree as29 Jerrey Geuree ny bleeaney shen. Ny yei niartaghey elley, va naight feddyn magh currit er y çhellvane gysThie Rollageydys Cholaashtey Harvard er13 Mart,1930.
Er yn oyr dy vel Pluto cha foddey magh ass y Chruinney ta feddyn ronsaght skeeandaght ro-ghoillee. Cha bee ny mynphoyntyn er fys dooin derrey y vlein 2015, tra dy vel y baatyn spoarNew Horizons er roshtyn gys y phlanaid.
She 15.1 y mooadys vaghtyl meanagh t'ec Pluto. Dys jeeagh er ta fodreayrtan shirrit; mygeayrt 30 cm ayns barney. Myr ta crantessen uillinagh mygeayrt 0.11" echey, t'eh neuvaghtal as cosoyl lesh rollage. Ta daah buigh ouyr er lesh lesh beggan buigh er.
Rere oltscarraghyn spectroscoipagh, t'eh er fys dooin dy vel thalloo Pluto co-yeant ass rioneetragien (98%), lesh begganmeetane ascarboan monocseed.[17][18] Er yn oyr dy vel Pluto cha foddey as t'eh, cha nelmayd abyl fotografyn dy jannoo jeh myn-phoyntyn ta er e halloo.
T'ad ny jallooyn share na'd ta jeant ass caslysyn sollyssid veih baghtyn jeh dooraghyn jeh'n eayst smoo echey,Charon. Ta ny caslysyn shoh cummit ec yHubble Space Telescope taishbyney dy vel thalloo Pluto feer yl-cheintagh, as dy vel ny smoo rio meetane er y thalloo t'er oaie Charon as ny smoo rio neetragien as carboan monocseed er y çheu elley.
Rere y Hubble Space Telescope, ta glooaght Pluto eddyr 1.8 as 2.1 g/cm3. T'eh cur sannish dy vel cummey yn çheushtie co-yeant ass creggyn (50-70%) as rio (30-50%).
Ayns 1955 va glout Pluto co-earrooaghit unnane as glout ny Cruinney, as lesh co-earrooaghyn elley ayns 1971 chred ny h-oayllee dy vel e ghlout unnane as gloutMart. Ansherbee, 'sy vlein 1976 renDale Cruikshank,Carl Pilcher asDavid Morrison coontey jeh albedo Pluto da'n chied cheayrt as v'eh er fys dy vel eh cosoylagh rish rio meetane; t'eh shen va'n planaid feer lossanagh er coontys e vooadys, as myr shen va glout y phlanaid ny sloo na 1% glout ny Cruinney.[19]
Ayns 1978 va Charon feddynit magh as hug eh ablid feddyn magh glout y chorys Pluto-Charon lesh ymmyd y hrass leigh Kepler. Choud's va eiyrtys ym-hayrn Charon er Pluto co-earrooaghit, huitt priseil glout Pluto gys 1.31×1022 kg– ny sloo na 0.24 % glout ny Cruinney.[20] Lesh baghtyn follaghey Pluto as Charon, v'eh currit er fys dy vel crantessen Pluto mygeayrt 2,390 km.[21]
Aeraght cheyl ta co-yeant ass neetragien, meetane, as carboan monocseed ta çheet magh ass rio ta er y thalloo, t'ayns aeraght Pluto.[22] Choud's ta Pluto n'gholl ersooyl ass y Ghrian, ta'n aeraght riojey as tuittym gys y thalloo. Tra dy vel y n'gholl lesh y Ghrian ta çhassid y thalloo giree as ta'n aeraght gaasaghey. Sheeiyrtys noi-thie glonney t'ayn cosoyl lesh corp ta gollish. Hooar oayllee magh er y gherrid dy vel çhassid Pluto 43K ny s'feayrey na va jerkit[23].
Hooar magh dy vel aeraght mygeayrt Pluto ayns1985 rere baght follaghey. My vel nhee gyn aeraght follagey rollage, t'eh lheie dy cuttagh; ayns cooish Pluto, ren y rollage dullyrnee beggan er veggan.[24] Veih cormid y dullyrnee dobbree oayllee magh çhionnid aeraght mygeayrt 0.15pascal ec Pluto, mygeayrt 1/700,000 myr ta er y Chruinney.[25]
Ta cruinlagh Pluto lheamys veih cruinlagh ny planaidyn elley t'ayns Corys ny Greiney. Ta ny planaidyn dy lioar cruinlaghey ny Greiney faggys da plaaney lesh yn ennym ecliptagh as ta'd nyn goll ayns cruinlagh kiarkylagh. Ta cruinlagh Pluto cleaynt er cruinney lesh yn ecliptagh (ny smoo na 17°) as t'eh feer corragh. Er yn oyr dy vel y cruinlagh cha corragh as t'eh, ta Pluto by niessey lesh y Ghrian na Neptune ny keayrtyn. Haghyr eh eddyr7 Toshiaght Arree1979 as11 Toshiaght Arree1999.
T'eh yn corys Pluto-Charon y corys çhyndaaee smoo ayns Corys ny Greiney. Ta'n ennymplanaid dooblagh currit er ec rollageyder ny ghaa ny keayrtyn.[26] Ta'n daa chorp glast tideeoil ry cheilley, t'eh shen ta'n oaie ec Pluto rish Charon, as un oaie ec Charon rish Pluto.
Va fotografyn jeant jeh daa chorp elley ta cruinlaghey Pluto er15 Boaldyn2005 as hooar ad enmysyn shallidagh S/2005 P 1 as S/2005 P 2. Cur yn IAU ny h-enmysyn oikoilNix (ny Pluto II, yn chione ta by niessey jeu) asHydra (ny Pluto III, yn fo-phlannad mooie) orroo er21 Mean Souree2006.[28]
Ta Nix cruinlaghey mygeayrt çheshvean trimmid y chorys ec 48,700 km as Hydra ec 64,800 km. Ec y traa t'ayn t'eh oolit dy vel Nix 46 km er crantessen as dy vel Hydra 61 km er crantessen.
Ec y tra t'ayn cha nel fys ec ny h-oayllee c'raad ass haink Pluto, Ayns ny 1950yn hug rollageyder ny ghaa magh dy vel Pluto n'o-phlannad shaghnit Neptune. Agh ta'n sheinys shoh cremmit myr cha nel cruinlagh Pluto faggys da Neptune.
Veih 1992 derrey'n laa t'ayn, hooar rollageyderyn magh nheeghyn beggey rio çheu hoal jeh Neptune cruinlaghey yn Ghrian as ad feer cosoylagh rish Pluto rere mooadys as cummey. T'eh currit er fys dy vel y chryss shoh ny bun comaidyn giare-traa. Neesht ta ny rollageyderyn credjal dy vel Pluto yn red smoo jeu ayns y chryss shoh.
↑John Lewis, rd. (2004).Physics and chemistry of the solar system (2 ln.). Elsevier. dg. 64.
↑Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers at line 614: attempt to index field 'known_free_doi_registrants_t' (a nil value).
↑O. Gingerich (2006)."The Path to Defining Planets"(PDF).Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and IAU EC Planet Definition Committee chair. Feddynit magh er2007-03-13.
Williams, D. R. (7 Mean Fouyir, 2006)."Pluto Fact Sheet". NASA.{{cite web}}:Check date values in:|date= (cooney);Unknown parameter|lastaccess= ignored (cooney)
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