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  4. LGBTQIA+ Studies: A Resource Guide
  5. Psychology & Conversion Therapy

LGBTQIA+ Studies: A Resource Guide

Psychology & Conversion Therapy

This page provides search strategies and a selection of recommended resources related to conversion therapy and LGBTQ+ psychology.

Browse theLibrary of Congress Online Catalog using subject headings to find materials on psychology and the LGBTQ+ community:

You can also search by the name of an individual or field of psychology:

  • Hooker, Evelyn
  • Benjamin, Harry

The following collection titles link to fuller bibliographic information in theLibrary of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content, including finding aids for the collections, are included when available.

  • Sigmund Freud Papers
    The papers of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) span the years from about the 6th century B.C.E. (a small Greek statue) to 1998, with the bulk of material dating from 1871 to 1939. The digitized collection documents Freud's founding of psychoanalysis, the maturation of psychoanalytic theory, the refinement of its clinical technique, and the proliferation of its adherents and critics
  • Anna Freud Papers
    Daughter of Freud, child psychologist, open lesbian.
  • Lilli Vincenz Papers
    Gay rights activist, psychotherapist, and documentary film maker. Correspondence, journals, organizational files, speeches, writings, surveys and questionnaires, press clippings, printed matter, academic files, and other papers relating to Lilli Vincenz's life as a gay civil rights activist, her work to support and empower lesbians and gay men, and her documentation of the gay and lesbian civil rights movement.
  • Fredric Wertham Papers
    Includes a Freud diagnosis of homosexuality for Horace Westlake Frink.
  • Edoardo Weiss Papers
    Correspondence, writings, and speeches relating chiefly to Weiss's role in the development of psychoanalytic theory and to his association with Sigmund Freud and Paul Federn. Subjects include agoraphobia, the death instinct, the ego, female homosexuality, and narcissism. Correspondents include Ernst Federn, Paul Federn, Sigmund Freud, Ernest Jones, Enrico Agostino Morselli, and Julius von Wagner-Jauregg.
  • George Gamow and Barbara Gamow papers, 1915-1975
    Includes correspondence with Dr. Evelyn Hooker

The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in theLibrary of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

  • Dr. Evelyn Hooker PapersExternal
    Dr. Evelyn Hooker was an early (by U.S. standards) psychologist focused on homosexuality. The Mattachine Society worked directly with Hooker on a number of occassions.

The American Psychological Association (APA) along with other 12 organizations have created a document that explains their position on sexual orientation, youth, and therapy:"Just the Facts about Sexual Orientation and Youth: A Primer for Principals, Educators, and School Personnel." [PDF]External

TheWilliams Institute at UCLAExternal defines conversion therapy as, "...treatment grounded in the belief that being LGBT is abnormal. It is intended to change the sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression of LGBT people. Conversion therapy is practiced by some licensed professionals in the context of providing health care and by some clergy or other spiritual advisors in the context of religious practice" (2018).

Browse theLibrary of Congress Online Catalog using subject headings to find materials on conversion therapy and psychology in the LGBTQ+ community:

  • Cover Art The question of Homosexuality by moderated by Scott Davis
    Call Number: DVC 3264 (viewing copy)
    ISBN: 9780736926089
    CONTENT WARNING: Ex-gay propaganda film
  • Cover Art Saving Alex by Alex Cooper; Joanna Brooks
    ISBN: 9780062374608
    Published/Created: 2016-03-01
    With the help of a dedicated legal team in Salt Lake City, Alex eventually escaped and made legal history in Utah by winning the right to live under the law's protection as an openly gay teenager. Alex is not alone; the headlines continue to splash stories about gay conversion therapy and rehabilitation centers that promise to "save" teenagers from their sexuality.
  • Cover Art Boy Erased by Garrard Conley
    Call Number: HQ75.8.C665 A3 2017
    ISBN: 9780525538981
    Published/Created: 2018-08-21
    A memoir that follows Conley's childhood in a fundamentalist Arkansas family which forced him to undertake conversion therapy or be disowned.

Searching the medical and psychological literature can be useful in determining how current theories and practices related to sexuality have evolved.

Sample Articles:

Regardie, F.I. Analysis of a homosexual.Psychiatric Quarterly, 23, 548–566 (1949).

The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in theLibrary of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

The resources here include selected print materials related to psychology and conversion therapy. The following titles link to fuller bibliographic information in theLibrary of Congress Online Catalog. Links to additional online content are included when available.

  • Sexual Inversion by Ivan Crozier (Editor)
    Call Number: RC558 .E43 2008
    ISBN: 9780230008038
    Published/Created: 2007-12-04
    Sexual Inversion was the first English medical textbook about homosexuality. It had a chequered publishing history, going through five editions between 1896 and 1915.
  • Stepchildren of Nature by Harry Oosterhuis
    Call Number: HQ71 .O57 2000
    ISBN: 0226630595
    Published/Created: 2000-12-01
    Psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902) played a key role in the construction of the modern concept of sexuality. As the author of the famous Psychopathia sexualis, he named and classified virtually all nonprocreative sexualities, synthesizing knowledge on sadism, masochism, fetishism, homosexuality, and exhibitionism.
  • Sexology Uncensored by Lucy Bland (Editor); Laura Doan (Editor)
    Call Number: HQ60 .S4965 1998
    ISBN: 0226056694
    Published/Created: 1999-01-01
    Sexology Uncensored brings together, for the first time, many of the key documents of the modern science of sexuality that emerged in the late nineteenth century. The early pioneers of the new field of sexology examined and classified sexual behaviors, identities, and relations.
  • Female Sexual Inversion by Chiara Beccalossi
    Call Number: HQ75.6.I8 B43 2012
    ISBN: 9780230234987
    Published/Created: 2011-10-26
    An examination of how female same-sex desires were represented in a wide range of Italian and British medical writings, 1870-1920. It shows how the psychiatric category of sexual inversion was positioned alongside other medical ideas of same-sex desires, such as the virago, tribade-prostitute, fiamma and gynaecological explanations.

The subscription resources marked with a padlock are available to researchers on-site at the Library of Congress. If you are unable to visit the Library, you may be able to access these resources through your local public or academic library.

  • Sex & SexualityExternalThis link opens in a new window
    • Restricted Access
    This collection explores changing attitudes towards human sexuality, gender identities and sexual behaviors throughout the twentieth century. Investigate the breadth and complexity of human sexual understanding through the work of leading American sexologists, sex researchers, organizations and the public consciousness.

    Highlights include the Harry Benjamin Collection, and the papers of Dr Alfred C. Kinsey (1947-1956), Dr Paul H. Gebhard (1956-1982) and Dr June Reinisch (1982-1993). Also included are periodicals like Sex News.
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