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Somalia

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Somalia
republic,sovereign state,federal republic,country
Part ofEast Africa Edit
Year dem found am1960 Edit
Official nameFederal Republic of Somalia,Soomaaliya,République fédérale de Somalie,Federalna Republika Somalii Edit
Native labelJamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya,جمهورية الصومال الفدرالية,Soomaaliya,𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖 Edit
Official languageSomali,Arabic Edit
AnthemQolobaa Calankeed Edit
Cultureculture of Somalia Edit
ContinentAfrica Edit
CountrySomalia Edit
CapitalMogadishu Edit
Located in time zoneUTC+03:00,Africa/Mogadishu Edit
Coordinate location6°0′0″N 47°0′0″E Edit
Coordinates of easternmost point10°25′0″N 51°16′0″E Edit
Coordinates of northernmost point11°58′48″N 50°46′48″E Edit
Highest pointShimbiris Edit
Lowest pointIndian Ocean Edit
Government ein basic formfederal republic Edit
Office held by head of statePresident of Somalia Edit
State ein headHassan Sheikh Mohamud Edit
Office head of government holdPrime Minister of Somalia Edit
Government ein headMohamed Hussein Roble Edit
Executive bodyFederal Government of Somalia Edit
Legislative bodyFederal Parliament of Somalia Edit
Central bankCentral Bank of Somalia Edit
Public holidayRepublic Day,New Year's Day Edit
CurrencySomali shilling Edit
Dey share bother plusDjibouti,Ethiopia,Kenya Edit
Driving sideright Edit
Electrical plug typeEuroplug Edit
Dey followState of Somaliland Edit
Dey replaceSomali Democratic Republic Edit
Dema official website Edit
HashtagSomalia,somalia Edit
Top-level Internet domain.so Edit
Flagflag of Somalia Edit
Coat of armscoat of arms of Somalia Edit
Geography of topicGeography of Somalia Edit
Get characteristicnot-free country Edit
History of topichistory of Somalia Edit
‎most populous urban areaMogadishu Edit
Open data portalSomalia Open Data Portal Edit
Economy of topiceconomy of Somalia Edit
Demographics of topicdemographics of Somalia Edit
Mobile country code637 Edit
Country calling code+252 Edit
Emergency phone number999,888,555 Edit
Licence plate codeSO Edit
Maritime identification digits666 Edit
Unicode character🇸🇴 Edit
Category for maps or plansCategory:Maps of Somalia Edit
Map

Somalia, officially deFederal Republic of Somalia[1] (Somali:Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), be country for de Horn of Africa. De country dey share border plusEthiopia go de west,Djibouti[2] go de northwest, de Gulf of Aden go de north, de Indian Ocean go de east, denKenya go de southwest. Somalia get de longest coastline for Africa ein mainland.[3] Ein terrain dey consist mainly of plateaus, plains, den highlands.[4] Hot conditions dey prevail year-round, plus periodic monsoon winds den irregular rainfall.[5] Somalia get estimated population of around 17.1 million,[6][7] wey ova 2 million dey live insyd de capital den largest city Mogadishu, wey dem describe am as Africa ein most culturally homogeneous country.[8][9] Around 85% of ein residents be ethnic Somalis,[4] wey historically dem inhabit de country ein north. Ethnic minorities dey largely concentrate insyd de south.[10] De official languages of Somalia be Somali den Arabic.[4] Chaw people for de country insyd be Muslims,[11] de majority of dem be Sunni.[12]

Somalia ein GDP per capita be one of de world ein lowest, wey edey belong to de least developed country group.[13] Insyd 2019, Somalia get de lowest HDI for de world insyd, den for de same year insyd, 69% of Somalia ein population dey live below de poverty line.[14] As of 2023, dem place Somalia de highest insyd de Fragile States Index.[15] Edey maintain informal economy wey mainly dey base for livestock top, remittances from Somalis wey dey job abroad, den telecommunications.[16] Ebe member of de United Nations,[17] de Arab League,[18]African Union,[19] Non-Aligned Movement,[20] East African Community,[21] den de Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.[22]

Geography

Administrative divisions

Dem divide Somalia into eighteen regions (gobollada, singulargobol),[4] wey in turn dem subdivide into districts. De regions be:

Regions of Somalia
RegionArea (km2)PopulationCapital
Awdal21,3741,010,566Borama
Bari70,088719,512Bosaso
Nugal26,180392,697Garowe
Mudug72,933717,863Galkayo
Galguduud46,126569,434Dusmareb
Hiran31,510520,685Beledweyne
Middle Shabelle22,663516,036Jowhar
Banaadir3701,650,227Mogadishu
Lower Shabelle25,2851,202,219Barawa
Togdheer38,663721,363Burao
Bakool26,962367,226Xuddur
Woqooyi Galbeed28,8361,242,003Hargeisa
Bay35,156792,182Baidoa
Gedo60,389508,405Garbahaarreey
Middle Juba9,836362,921Bu'aale
Lower Juba42,876489,307Kismayo
Sanaag53,374544,123Erigavo
Sool25,036327,428Las Anod

Demographics

Urban areas

Largest cities anaa towns insyd Somalia
RankNameRegionPop.RankNameRegionPop.
1MogadishuBanaadir2,610,000[23]11Baidoabay144,345[24]
2HargeisaWoqooyi Galbeed1,127,000[23]12GalkayoMudug137,667[24]
3BuraoTogdheer425,000[25]13AfgooyeLower Shabelle135,012[24]
4BeledweyneHiran227,761[24]14QoryoleyLower Shabelle134,205[24]
5JowharMiddle Shebelle218,027[24]15JamameLower Juba129,149[24]
6BoramaAwdal215,616[24]16BurhakabaBay125,616[24]
7MercaLower Shabelle192,939[24]17BalcadMiddle Shabelle120,434[24]
8KismayoLower Juba166,667[24]18ErigavoSanaag114,846[24]
9BosasoBari164,906[24]19JilibMiddle Juba113,415[24]
10WanlaweynLower Shabelle155,643[24]20BardereGedo106,172[24]

List

NamePortraitBirth–DeathDem electTake officeLef officePolitical party
•Somali Republic (1960–1969) •
1Aden Adde1908–200719601 July 196010 June 1967SYL
2Abdirashid Shermarke1919–1969196710 June 196715 October 1969

(Assassinated)

SYL
—Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein

Acting President

1912–2012—15 October 196921 October 1969

(Dem depose am)

SYL
•Somali Democratic Republic (1969–1991) •
3Siad Barre[26]1919–19951980

1986

21 October 196926 January 1991

(Dem depose am)

Military /

SRSP

•Interim Government of Somalia (1991–1997) •
4Ali Mahdi Muhammad1939–199127 January 19913 January 1997USC
5Mohamed Farrah Aidid1934— 19963 January 19951 August 1996Independent
6Hussein Farrah Aidid1962 —1 August 199620 March 1998Independent
—Somali National Alliance—20 March 19982000Co-Chairmen of National Salvation Council
—Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council—200027 August 2000Independent
•Transitional National Government of Somalia (2000–2004) •
7Mohamed Abshir Muse1926 – 201713 August 200022 August 2000Independent
8Abdallah Isaaq Deerow1950–200622 August 200027 August 2000Independent
9Abdiqasim Salad1941–200027 August 20001 July 2003Independent
10Abdinur Darman1953–1 July 200314 October 2003Independent
9Abdiqasim Salad1941–14 October 200314 October 2004Independent
•Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (2004–2012) •
11Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed1934–2012200414 October 200429 December 2008

(Resigned)

Independent
12Sharif Sheikh Ahmed1964–5 June 200629June 2006Islamic Courts Union
13Hassan Dahir Aweys1935—29 June 200629 December 2006Islamic Courts Union
14Aden Madobe

Acting President

1957–—29 December 200831 January 2009RRA
12Sharif Sheikh Ahmed1964–200931 January 200920 August 2012ARS
•Federal Republic of Somalia (2012–present) •
15Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle

Acting President

1939–—20 August 201228 August 2012Independent
16Mohamed Osman Jawari

Acting President

1945–2024—28 August 201216 September 2012Independent
17Hassan Sheikh Mohamud1955–201216 September 201216 February 2017PDP
18Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed1962–201716 February 201716 February 2021TPP
17Hassan Sheikh Mohamud1955–202116 February 202116 February 2022PDP
17Hassan Sheikh Mohamud1955–202216 February 20226 June 2022PDP
—H.E.Sadia Haji Samatar1955–6 June 202228 August 2022PDP
17Hassan Sheikh Mohamud1955–—28 August 2022IncumbentPDP

References

  1. ↑"Federal Republic of Somalia" (PDF).www.somaliweyn.com. 2 October 2012.Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  2. ↑"Somalia". Britannica. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  3. ↑"Coastline".The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived fromthe original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  4. 1234"Somalia".The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 10 November 2021.
  5. ↑"Somalia – Climate". countrystudies.us. 14 May 2009.
  6. ↑"World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  7. ↑"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  8. ↑Ismail, AA (2010).Somali state failure: Players, incentives and institutions.What is more puzzling is how this could happen in a country like Somalia, the most homogeneous country in Africa both ethnically, religiously, culturally, and linguistically
  9. ↑Woldemichael, B (1993).Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity: The Sudan, 1969–1983.Somalia, the only homogeneous country in Africa – all its people being ethnic Somalis speaking the same language and professing the same religion
  10. ↑Abdullahi 2001, pp. 8–11.
  11. ↑"Middle East Policy Council – Muslim Populations Worldwide". Mepc.org. 1 December 2005. Archived fromthe original on 14 December 2006. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  12. ↑Abdullahi 2001, p. 1.
  13. ↑"LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs".www.un.org. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  14. ↑"Overview".World Bank. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
  15. ↑"Fragile States Index 2023". Fund for Peace. 14 June 2023.
  16. ↑"Central Bank of Somalia – Economy and Finance". Somalbanca.org. Archived fromthe original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  17. ↑"Member States".United Nations. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  18. ↑"Member States".League of Arab States (in Arabic). Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  19. ↑"Member State Profiles".African Union. Archived fromthe original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  20. ↑"Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) | What is the Non-Aligned Movement?".Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  21. ↑"Somalia joins East African Community". 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  22. ↑"Member States".Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  23. 12"Somalia".The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  24. 1234567891011121314151617"Somalia City & Town Population".www.tageo.com. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  25. ↑"Dawladda Hoose ee Burco".www.burao.org. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  26. ↑Also styled asPresident of Supreme Revolutionary Council

Bibliography

  • Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001).Culture and Customs of Somalia. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN978-0-313-31333-2.
  • Alpers, Edward A. (1976). "Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800".The International Journal of African Historical Studies.9 (1): 22–44. doi:10.2307/217389. JSTOR217389.
  • Gebru Tareke (2009).The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-14163-4.
  • Laitin, David D. (1977).Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN978-0-226-46791-7.
  • Lecarme, Jacqueline; Maury, Carole (1987). "A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali".Computers and Translation.2 (1): 21–36. doi:10.1007/BF01540131. S2CID6515240.
  • Mauri, Arnaldo,Somalia, in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp. 209–217.Banking Development in Somalia
  • Samatar, Said S. (1982).Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-10457-9.
  • Schraeder, Peter J. (2006). "From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism". In Lowell W. Barrington, ed.,After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States (pp. 107–137). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ISBN978-0-472-09898-9.
  • Shay, Shaul.Somalia in Transition Since 2006. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014.
  • Warmington, Eric Herbert (1995).The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India. South Asia Books. ISBN81-215-0670-0.
  • Zolberg, Aristide R.; Suhrke, Astri; Aguayo, Sergio (1989).Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-505592-4.
  • A. Rosati; A. Tewolde; C. Mosconi (2007).Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide. Wageningen Academic Pub. p. 169. ISBN978-90-8686-034-0.

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