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What is GMP?

GMP is a free library for arbitrary precision arithmetic, operating onsigned integers, rational numbers, and floating-point numbers. There is nopractical limit to the precision except the ones implied by the availablememory in the machine GMP runs on. GMP has a rich set of functions, and thefunctions have a regular interface.

The main target applications for GMP are cryptography applications andresearch, Internet security applications, algebra systems, computationalalgebra research, etc.

GMP is carefully designed to be as fast as possible, both for small operandsand for huge operands. The speed is achieved by using fullwords as the basicarithmetic type, by using fast algorithms, with highly optimised assembly codefor the most common inner loops for a lot of CPUs, and by a general emphasis onspeed.

The first GMP release was made in 1991. It is continually developed andmaintained, with a new release about once a year.

Since version 6, GMP is distributed under the dual licenses,GNU LGPL v3andGNU GPL v2.These licenses make the library free to use, share, and improve, and allow youto pass on the result. The GNU licenses give freedoms, but also set firmrestrictions on the use with non-free programs.

GMP is part of the GNU project. For more information about the GNU project,please see the official GNU web site.

GMP's main target platforms are Unix-type systems, such as GNU/Linux,Solaris, HP-UX, Mac OS X/Darwin, BSD, AIX, etc. It also is known to work onWindows in both 32-bit and 64-bit mode.

GMP is brought to you by a teamlisted inthe manual.

GMP is carefully developed and maintained, both technically and legally. Weof course inspect and test contributed code carefully, but equally importantlywe make sure we have the legal right to distribute the contributions, meaningusers can safely use GMP. To achieve this, we will ask contributors to signpaperwork where they allow us to distribute their work.

GMP function categories

There are several categories of functions in GMP:

1. High-level signed integer arithmetic functions (mpz). There are about 150 arithmetic and logic functions in this category.
2. High-level rational arithmetic functions (mpq). This category consists of about 35 functions, but allmpz functions can be used too, by applying them to the numerator and denominator separately.
3. High-level floating-point arithmetic functions (mpf). This is the GMP function category to use if the C type `double' doesn't give enough precision for an application. There are about 70 functions in this category. New projects should strongly consider using the much more complete GMP extension librarympfr instead of mpf.
4. C++ class based interface to all of the above. (The C functions and types can of course be used directly from C++ too.)
5. Low-level positive-integer, hard-to-use, very low overhead functions are found in thempn category. No memory management is performed; the caller must ensure enough space is available for the results. The set of functions is not always regular, nor is the calling interface. These functions accept input arguments in the form of pairs consisting of a pointer to the least significant word, and an integral size telling how many limbs (= words) there are in that argument. The functions in the other categories call mpn for almost all their calculations. Of these functions about 60 are public.

Download the latest release of GMP

GMP 6.3.0	lz, 2086209 bytes	xz, 2094196 bytes	zstd, 2176751 bytes
Main site, gmplib.org, via https	gmp-6.3.0.tar.lz	gmp-6.3.0.tar.xz	gmp-6.3.0.tar.zst
USA, ftp.gnu.org, via https	gmp-6.3.0.tar.lz	gmp-6.3.0.tar.xz	gmp-6.3.0.tar.zst

To try to verify that the file you have downloaded has not been tamperedwith, you can check that the GnuPG signature matches the contents of the file.Use yourGnuPG software or akey server directly to get the key that wasused for creating the signature. Starting from the repackaging of gmp-5.1.0 asgmp-5.1.0a.tar.* the following key is used to sign GMP releases:

Key ID: 0x28C67298
Key type: 2560 bit RSA
Fingerprint: 343C 2FF0 FBEE 5EC2 EDBE F399 F359 9FF8 28C6 7298


Instead of using a release, you may also get the latest code from theGMP repositories. This will require somemore work compared to using a release.

Reporting bugs in GMP

Please first see themanual on how to report bugs. Theproper address for bug reports is gmp-bugs at gmplib.org.

Most problems with GMP these days are due to problems not in GMP, but withthe compiler used for compiling the GMP sources. This is a major concern tothe GMP project, since an incorrect computation is an incorrect computation,whether caused by a GMP bug or a compiler bug. We fight this by making the GMPtestsuite have great coverage, so that it should catch every possiblemiscompilation.

GMP mailing lists

List	Subscribe URL	Archive URL	Purpose
gmp-bugs	gmplib.org/mailman/listinfo/gmp-bugs	gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-bugs/	Bug reports (not questions!). Seemanual.
gmp-announce	gmplib.org/mailman/listinfo/gmp-announce	gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-announce/	Announcements from the developers (very little traffic)
gmp-discuss	gmplib.org/mailman/listinfo/gmp-discuss	gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-discuss/	Questions, Help, Discussions
gmp-devel	gmplib.org/mailman/listinfo/gmp-devel	gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-devel/	Technical discussions between developers
gmp-commit	gmplib.org/mailman/listinfo/gmp-commit	gmplib.org/list-archives/gmp-commit/	Commit messages

Starting in early 2024, we cannot deliver email to any gmail.com addresses.This is a result of that Google no longer trusts our email server. We havenever delivered spam to any gmail account, their policies are based on otherconsiderations.

Note that we perform spam and virus filtering of these lists. The listshave been 100% spam-free during the last years.

We're blocking all mail from many IP ranges, for spam mitigation. That evenincludes geo blocking. If you are affected but have a legitimate reason tosend mail to the GMP project, e.g., if you work at a university or corporationwith an interest in GMP, please let us know; we will open access for you.

Status of the current release

The current stable release is 6.3.0, released 2023-07-30.

Issues with GMP 6.3.0:

• We added support for LTO with this release, but did not have time to debug every issue which surfaced. 1: Some x86 32-bit builds fail for the mini-gmpt-lucm test case for an unknown reason. 2: Some x86 64-bit builds fail for the mpq testst-cmp,t-cmp_ui,t-cmp_z; this is caused by a GCC bug where some additive algebra goes very wrong.

Issues with GMP 6.2.1:

• While we added support for Apple's new Arm based computers, our support has a problem. The problem is that Apple reserves CPU register x18, but GMP's mpn/arm64 assembly code uses that register. While GMP runs fine in our tests, we expect things to go awry in some execution situation. (Apple has not been kind enough to specify how they use x18. Therefore, we don't know what the consequences of using x18 might be.)

Issues with GMP 6.2.0:

• MacOS Xcode 11 prior to 11.3 miscompiles GMP, leading to crashes and miscomputation.

Issues with GMP 6.1.2:

• MacOS Xcode 11 prior to 11.3 miscompiles GMP, leading to crashes and miscomputation.

Issues with GMP 6.1.1:

• There are several issues with mini-gmp. Please see the specialmini-gmp-status page.

Issues with GMP 6.1.0:

• An assembly file which is used for Intel Broadwell and Intel Skylake (except crippled Pentiums and Celerons without BMI2) will not work correctly for Windoze.Patch.
• See also issues for subsequent releases above.

Issues with GMP 6.0.0:

• [No issues found yet.]
• See also issues for subsequent releases above.

Issues with GMP 5.1.3:

• The documentation ofmpn_set_str is incorrect and incomplete wrt allocation requirements.Patch.
• See also issues for subsequent releases above.

Issues with GMP 5.1.2:

• The functionsmpn_sbpi1_div_qr_sec andmpn_sbpi1_div_r_sec compute incorrect results for some operands. With uniformly distributed random operands, the error is very hard to trigger, and for the intended use of these functions, operands can be expected to appear as such random operands from these functions' perspective.Patch.
• The internal function mpn_divrem_2 on Itanium clobbers two callee-saves registers. This can lead to miscomputations or crashes in the callers.Patch.
• See also issues for subsequent releases above.

Issues with GMP 5.1.1:

• Windows only: A 64-bit build for AMD Bulldozer and Piledriver chips, or a fat 64-bit build running on these chips, will not work correctly.Patch.
• The functionmpz_powm_ui computes garbage if the base argument is over 15000 decimal or the mod argument is at least 7500 decimal digits. No other GMP powm function is affected.Patch.
• See also issues for subsequent releases above.

Issues with GMP 5.1.0:

• The mini-gmp.c file, which implements a subset of mpn and mpz, was not properly tested and contained a number of bugs. Please do not use the 5.1.0 version of mini-gmp.c. Note that these bugs do not affect GMP itself.
• The included top-level Makefile.in has an automake-generateddistcheck target which creates a world-writable directory. This target is not used in the GMP release process, but it is a potential security problem affecting users who invoke this make target. This problem (and no other) is corrected in the gmp-5.1.0a.tar.* set of files.
• See also issues for subsequent releases above.

For patches to older GMP versions, please see theInfo on older GMP releases.

Future releases

Please see the GMPng page for information onwhat we're working on.

Thanks

Thanks to a very generous donation from Christian Calderon, the GMP project nowhas a brand new, AMD Epyc server which will replace the old server. This isgreat for GMP, not only because of the old server's hardware security issues,but also since the new server is 3x more powerful than the old one.

Here are the specs of the system Christian has given us:

• Supermicro barebone 1114S-WTRT
• AMD Epyc 7402P 24-core CPU
• 256 GiB of ECC RAM
• 1.6 TB PCIe SSD disk (Samsung PM1735)