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[DependencyInjection] Add section about Service Closures#15730

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HypeMC wants to merge1 commit intosymfony:4.4fromHypeMC:service-closure
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3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletionservice_container/lazy_services.rst
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Expand Up@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ Lazy Services

.. seealso::

Another way to inject services lazily is via a :doc:`service subscriber </service_container/service_subscribers_locators>`.
Other ways to inject services lazily is via a :doc:`service closure </service_container/service_closures>` or
:doc:`service subscriber </service_container/service_subscribers_locators>`.

Why Lazy Services?
------------------
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91 changes: 91 additions & 0 deletionsservice_container/service_closures.rst
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@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
.. index::
single: DependencyInjection; Service Closures

Service Closures
================

This feature wraps the injected service into a closure allowing it to be
lazily loaded when and if needed.
This is useful if the service being injected is a bit heavy to instantiate
or is used only in certain cases.
The service is instantiated the first time the closure is called, while
all subsequent calls return the same instance, unless the service is
:doc:`not shared </service_container/shared>`::

// src/Service/MyService.php
namespace App\Service;

use Symfony\Component\Mailer\MailerInterface;

class MyService
{
/**
* @var callable(): MailerInterface
*/
private \Closure $mailer;

public function __construct(\Closure $mailer)
{
$this->mailer = $mailer;
}

public function doSomething(): void
{
// ...

$this->getMailer()->send($email);
}

private function getMailer(): MailerInterface
{
return ($this->mailer)();
}
}

To define a service closure and inject it to another service, create an
argument of type ``service_closure``:

.. configuration-block::

.. code-block:: yaml

# config/services.yaml
services:
App\Service\MyService:
arguments: [!service_closure '@mailer']

.. code-block:: xml

<!-- config/services.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services https://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd">

<services>
<service id="App\Service\MyService">
<argument type="service_closure" id="mailer"/>
</service>
</services>
</container>

.. code-block:: php

// config/services.php
namespace Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Loader\Configurator;

use App\Service\MyService;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Argument\ServiceClosureArgument;
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Reference;

return function (ContainerConfigurator $containerConfigurator) {
$services = $containerConfigurator->services();

$services->set(MyService::class)
->args([new ServiceClosureArgument(new Reference('mailer'))]);
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Note to mergers: this should be updated to:

Suggested change
->args([new ServiceClosureArgument(new Reference('mailer'))]);
->args([service_closure('mailer')]);

when merged up in 5.4.

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There's a separate PR for that#15731

};

.. seealso::

Another way to inject services lazily is via a
:doc:`service locators </service_container/service_subscribers_locators>`.
5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletionsservice_container/service_subscribers_locators.rst
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Expand Up@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ instantiation of the services to be lazy. However, that's not possible using
the explicit dependency injection since services are not all meant to
be ``lazy`` (see :doc:`/service_container/lazy_services`).

.. seealso::

Another way to inject services lazily is via a
:doc:`service closure </service_container/service_closures>`.

This can typically be the case in your controllers, where you may inject several
services in the constructor, but the action called only uses some of them.
Another example are applications that implement the `Command pattern`_
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