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Locally-weighted polynomial regression via the LOWESS algorithm.

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stdlib-js/stats-lowess

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LOWESS

NPM versionBuild StatusCoverage Status

Locally-weighted polynomial regression via the LOWESS algorithm.

Installation

npm install @stdlib/stats-lowess

Alternatively,

  • To load the package in a website via ascript tag without installation and bundlers, use theES Module available on theesm branch (seeREADME).
  • If you are using Deno, visit thedeno branch (seeREADME for usage intructions).
  • For use in Observable, or in browser/node environments, use theUniversal Module Definition (UMD) build available on theumd branch (seeREADME).

Thebranches.md file summarizes the available branches and displays a diagram illustrating their relationships.

To view installation and usage instructions specific to each branch build, be sure to explicitly navigate to the respective README files on each branch, as linked to above.

Usage

varlowess=require('@stdlib/stats-lowess');

lowess( x, y[, opts] )

Forinput arrays and/ortyped arraysx andy, the function returns an object holding the ordered input valuesx and smoothed values fory.

varx=[4,4,7,7,8,9,10,10,10,11,11,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,14,14,14,14,15,15,15,16,16,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,19,19,19,20,20,20,20,20,22,23,24,24,24,24,25];vary=[2,10,4,22,16,10,18,26,34,17,28,14,20,24,28,26,34,34,46,26,36,60,80,20,26,54,32,40,32,40,50,42,56,76,84,36,46,68,32,48,52,56,64,66,54,70,92,93,120,85];varout=lowess(x,y);/* returns    {        'x': [            4,            4,            7,            7,            ...,            24,            24,            24,            25        ],        'y': [            ~4.857,            ~4.857,            ~13.1037,            ~13.1037,            ...,            ~79.102,            ~79.102,            ~79.102,            ~84.825        ]    }*/

The function accepts the followingoptions:

  • f: positivenumber specifying the smoothing span, i.e., the proportion of points which influence smoothing at each value. Larger values correspond to more smoothing. Default:2/3.
  • nsteps:number of iterations in the robust fit (fewer iterations translates to faster function execution). If set to zero, the nonrobust fit is returned. Default:3.
  • delta: nonnegativenumber which may be used to reduce the number of computations. Default: 1/100th of the range ofx.
  • sorted:boolean indicating if the input arrayx is sorted. Default:false.

By default, smoothing at each value is determined by2/3 of all other points. To choose a different smoothing span, set thef option.

varx=[4,4,7,7,8,9,10,10,10,11,11,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,14,14,14,14,15,15,15,16,16,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,19,19,19,20,20,20,20,20,22,23,24,24,24,24,25];vary=[2,10,4,22,16,10,18,26,34,17,28,14,20,24,28,26,34,34,46,26,36,60,80,20,26,54,32,40,32,40,50,42,56,76,84,36,46,68,32,48,52,56,64,66,54,70,92,93,120,85];varout=lowess(x,y,{'f':0.2});/* returns    {        'x': [            4,            4,            7,            ...,            24,            24,            25        ],        'y': [            ~6.03,            ~6.03,            ~12.68,            ...,            ~82.575,            ~82.575,            ~93.028        ]    }*/

By default, three iterations of locally weighted regression fits are calculated after the initial fit. To set a different number of iterations for the robust fit, set thensteps option.

varx=[4,4,7,7,8,9,10,10,10,11,11,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,14,14,14,14,15,15,15,16,16,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,19,19,19,20,20,20,20,20,22,23,24,24,24,24,25];vary=[2,10,4,22,16,10,18,26,34,17,28,14,20,24,28,26,34,34,46,26,36,60,80,20,26,54,32,40,32,40,50,42,56,76,84,36,46,68,32,48,52,56,64,66,54,70,92,93,120,85];varout=lowess(x,y,{'nsteps':20});/* returns    {        'x': [            4,            ...,            25        ],        'y': [            ~4.857,            ...,            ~84.825        ]    }*/

To save computations, set thedelta option. For cases where one has a large number of (x,y)-pairs, carrying out regression calculations for all points is not likely to be necessary. By default,delta is set to 1/100th of the range of the values inx. In this case, if the values inx were uniformly scattered over the entire range, the locally weighted regression would be calculated at approximately 100 points. On the other hand, for small data sets with less than 100 observations, one can safely set the option to zero so calculations are made for each data point.

varx=[4,4,7,7,8,9,10,10,10,11,11,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,14,14,14,14,15,15,15,16,16,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,19,19,19,20,20,20,20,20,22,23,24,24,24,24,25];vary=[2,10,4,22,16,10,18,26,34,17,28,14,20,24,28,26,34,34,46,26,36,60,80,20,26,54,32,40,32,40,50,42,56,76,84,36,46,68,32,48,52,56,64,66,54,70,92,93,120,85];varout=lowess(x,y,{'delta':0.0});/* returns    {        'x': [            4,            ...,            25        ],        'y': [            ~4.857,            ...,            ~84.825        ]    }*/

If the elements ofx are sorted in ascending order, set thesorted option totrue.

varx=[4,4,7,7,8,9,10,10,10,11,11,12,12,12,12,13,13,13,13,14,14,14,14,15,15,15,16,16,17,17,17,18,18,18,18,19,19,19,20,20,20,20,20,22,23,24,24,24,24,25];vary=[2,10,4,22,16,10,18,26,34,17,28,14,20,24,28,26,34,34,46,26,36,60,80,20,26,54,32,40,32,40,50,42,56,76,84,36,46,68,32,48,52,56,64,66,54,70,92,93,120,85];varout=lowess(x,y,{'sorted':true});/* returns    {        'x': [            4,            ...,            25        ],        'y': [            ~4.857,            ...,            ~84.825        ]    }*/

Examples

varrandn=require('@stdlib/random-base-randn');varFloat64Array=require('@stdlib/array-float64');varplot=require('@stdlib/plot-ctor');varlowess=require('@stdlib/stats-lowess');varx;vary;vari;// Create some data...x=newFloat64Array(100);y=newFloat64Array(x.length);for(i=0;i<x.length;i++){x[i]=i;y[i]=(0.5*i)+(10.0*randn());}varopts={'delta':0};varout=lowess(x,y,opts);varh=plot([x,out.x],[y,out.y]);h.lineStyle=['none','-'];h.symbols=['closed-circle','none'];h.view('stdout');

References

  • Cleveland, William S. 1979. "Robust Locally and Smoothing Weighted Regression Scatterplots."Journal of the American Statistical Association 74 (368): 829–36. doi:10.1080/01621459.1979.10481038.
  • Cleveland, William S. 1981. "Lowess: A program for smoothing scatterplots by robust locally weighted regression."American Statistician 35 (1): 54–55. doi:10.2307/2683591.

Notice

This package is part ofstdlib, a standard library for JavaScript and Node.js, with an emphasis on numerical and scientific computing. The library provides a collection of robust, high performance libraries for mathematics, statistics, streams, utilities, and more.

For more information on the project, filing bug reports and feature requests, and guidance on how to developstdlib, see the main projectrepository.

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