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Changing administrative regional boundaries over time complicates the construction of consistent regional panel data. Thenuts package can transformEuropean regional data identified byNUTS codes between differentversions andsubdivision levels with the aim to harmonize and link data sets.

The package's main task is to convert data between all NUTS versions in use: 2006, 2010, 2013, 2016, 2021 and 2024. These conversions can be performed in any direction based onspatial interpolation using six different weights (regional area in square kilometers, 2011 and 2021 population size, 2012 and 2018 artificial surfaces and 2021 residential built-up volume). The weights are based on conversion tables provided by theJoint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) that are used in their online converter. Thenuts package permits to do the same conversion offline with additional advantages such as the conversion within groups, enabling the conversion of datasets with multiple NUTS versions efficiently.

You can install the current development version from GitHub:

# install.packages("remotes")remotes::install_github("ropensci/nuts")

Check out thewebsite how to get started.

Console messages can be controlled withrlang::local_options(nuts.verbose = "quiet") to silence messages and settingnuts.verbose = "verbose" to switch messages back on.

Please support the development of open science and data by citing the JRC and us in your work:

• Joint Research Centre (2022) NUTS converter.https://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu/tools/nuts-converter

• Hennicke M, Krause W (2024).nuts: Convert European Regional Data. doi:10.5281/zenodo.10573056https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10573056, R package version 1.1.0,https://docs.ropensci.org/nuts/.

Bibtex Users:

@Manual{,  title = {NUTS converter},  author = {Joint Research Centre},  year = {2022},  url = {https://urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu/tools/nuts-converter},}@Manual{,  title = {nuts: Convert European Regional Data},  author = {Moritz Hennicke and Werner Krause},  year = {2024},  note = {R package version 1.1.0},  url = {https://docs.ropensci.org/nuts/},  doi = "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10573056",}