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Python.NET is a package that gives Python programmers nearlyseamless integration with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) andprovides a powerful application scripting tool for .NET developers. Itallows Python code to interact with the CLR, and may also be used toembed Python into a .NET application.

Python.NET allows CLR namespaces to be treated essentially as Python packages.

importclrfromSystemimportStringfromSystem.Collectionsimport*

To load an assembly, use theAddReference function in theclrmodule:

importclrclr.AddReference("System.Windows.Forms")fromSystem.Windows.FormsimportForm

By default, Mono will be used on Linux and macOS, .NET Framework on Windows. Fordetails on the loading of different runtimes, please refer to the documentation.

If .NET Core is installed in a default location or thedotnet CLI tool is onthePATH, loading it instead of the default (Mono/.NET Framework) runtimejust requires setting either the environment variablePYTHONNET_RUNTIME=coreclr or callingpythonnet.load explicitly:

frompythonnetimportloadload("coreclr")importclr

• You must setRuntime.PythonDLL property orPYTHONNET_PYDLL environment variablestarting with version 3.0, otherwise you will receiveBadPythonDllException(internal, derived fromMissingMethodException) upon callingInitialize.Typical values arepython38.dll (Windows),libpython3.8.dylib (Mac),libpython3.8.so (most other Unix-like operating systems).
• Then callPythonEngine.Initialize(). If you plan to use Python objects frommultiple threads, also callPythonEngine.BeginAllowThreads().
• All calls to python should be inside ausing (Py.GIL()) {/* Your code here */} block.
• Import python modules usingdynamic mod = Py.Import("mod"), thenyou can call functions as normal, egmod.func(args).
• Usemod.func(args, Py.kw("keywordargname", keywordargvalue)) ormod.func(args, keywordargname: keywordargvalue) to apply keywordarguments.
• All python objects should be declared asdynamic type.
• Mathematical operations involving python and literal/managed typesmust have the python object first, eg.np.pi * 2 works,2 * np.pi doesn't.

staticvoidMain(string[]args){PythonEngine.Initialize();using(Py.GIL()){dynamicnp=Py.Import("numpy");Console.WriteLine(np.cos(np.pi*2));dynamicsin=np.sin;Console.WriteLine(sin(5));doublec=(double)(np.cos(5)+sin(5));Console.WriteLine(c);dynamica=np.array(newList<float>{1,2,3});Console.WriteLine(a.dtype);dynamicb=np.array(newList<float>{6,5,4},dtype:np.int32);Console.WriteLine(b.dtype);Console.WriteLine(a*b);Console.ReadKey();}}

Output:

1.0-0.958924274663-0.6752620892float64int32[6.10.12.]

Information on installation, FAQ, troubleshooting, debugging, andprojects using pythonnet can be found in the Wiki:

https://github.com/pythonnet/pythonnet/wiki

Mailing list

https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythondotnet

Chat

https://gitter.im/pythonnet/pythonnet

This project is supported by the.NET Foundation.