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‎.buildinfo

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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# Sphinx build info version 1
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# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
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config:ca58daa7f9eaf2fe9b9976d62f82e969
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config:6945e7653596070102fe8892a1eb13f9
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tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7

‎_sources/c-api/allocation.rst.txt

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@@ -27,31 +27,35 @@ Allocating Objects on the Heap
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length information for a variable-size object.
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..c:function::TYPE*PyObject_New(TYPE,PyTypeObject *type)
30+
..c:macro:: PyObject_New(TYPE,typeobj)
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Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE* and the
33-
Python type object *type*. Fields not defined by the Python object header
34-
are not initialized; the object's reference count will be one. The size of
35-
the memory allocation is determined from the:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` field of
36-
the type object.
32+
Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE*
33+
and the Python type object *typeobj* (``PyTypeObject*``).
34+
Fields not defined by the Python object header are not initialized.
35+
The caller will own the only reference to the object
36+
(i.e. its reference count will be one).
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The size of the memory allocation is determined from the
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:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize` field of the type object.
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..c:function::TYPE*PyObject_NewVar(TYPE,PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t size)
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.. c:macro:: PyObject_NewVar(TYPE,typeobj, size)
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Allocate a new Python object using the C structure type *TYPE* and the
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Python type object *type*. Fields not defined by the Python object header
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Python type object *typeobj* (``PyTypeObject*``).
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Fields not defined by the Python object header
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are not initialized. The allocated memory allows for the *TYPE* structure
44-
plus *size* fields of the size given by the:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` field of
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*type*. This is useful for implementing objects like tuples, which are
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plus *size* (``Py_ssize_t``) fields of the size
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given by the :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize` field of
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*typeobj*. This is useful for implementing objects like tuples, which are
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able to determine their size at construction time. Embedding the array of
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fields into the same allocation decreases the number of allocations,
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improving the memory management efficiency.
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.. c:function:: void PyObject_Del(void *op)
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Releases memory allocated to an object using:c:func:`PyObject_New` or
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:c:func:`PyObject_NewVar`. This is normally called from the
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Releases memory allocated to an object using:c:macro:`PyObject_New` or
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:c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar`. This is normally called from the
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:c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_dealloc` handler specified in the object's type. The fields of
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the object should not be accessed after this call as the memory is no
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longer a valid Python object.

‎_sources/c-api/apiabiversion.rst.txt

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@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ See :ref:`stable` for a discussion of API and ABI stability across versions.
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Use this for numeric comparisons, e.g. ``#if PY_VERSION_HEX >= ...``.
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63-
This version is also available via the symbol:data:`Py_Version`.
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This version is also available via the symbol:c:var:`Py_Version`.
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..c:var::constunsignedlong Py_Version
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‎_sources/c-api/arg.rst.txt

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@@ -330,8 +330,10 @@ Other objects
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``O`` (object) [PyObject\*]
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Store a Python object (without any conversion) in a C object pointer. The C
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program thus receives the actual object that was passed. The object's reference
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count is not increased. The pointer stored is not ``NULL``.
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program thus receives the actual object that was passed. A new
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:term:`strong reference` to the object is not created
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(i.e. its reference count is not increased).
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The pointer stored is not ``NULL``.
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``O!`` (object) [*typeobject*, PyObject\*]
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Store a Python object in a C object pointer. This is similar to ``O``, but
@@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ Other objects
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*items*. Format units for sequences may be nested.
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It is possible to pass "long" integers (integers whose value exceeds the
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platform's:const:`LONG_MAX`) however no proper range checking is done --- the
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platform's:c:macro:`LONG_MAX`) however no proper range checking is done --- the
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most significant bits are silently truncated when the receiving field is too
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small to receive the value (actually, the semantics are inherited from downcasts
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in C --- your mileage may vary).
@@ -415,7 +417,8 @@ inside nested parentheses. They are:
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mutually exclude each other.
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Note that any Python object references which are provided to the caller are
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*borrowed* references; do not decrement their reference count!
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*borrowed* references; do not release them
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(i.e. do not decrement their reference count)!
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Additional arguments passed to these functions must be addresses of variables
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whose type is determined by the format string; these are used to store values
@@ -492,7 +495,7 @@ API Functions
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A simpler form of parameter retrieval which does not use a format string to
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specify the types of the arguments. Functions which use this method to retrieve
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their parameters should be declared as:const:`METH_VARARGS` in function or
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their parameters should be declared as:c:macro:`METH_VARARGS` in function or
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method tables. The tuple containing the actual parameters should be passed as
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*args*; it must actually be a tuple. The length of the tuple must be at least
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*min* and no more than *max*; *min* and *max* may be equal. Additional
@@ -506,7 +509,7 @@ API Functions
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will be set if there was a failure.
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This is an example of the use of this function, taken from the sources for the
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:mod:`_weakref` helper module for weak references::
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:mod:`!_weakref` helper module for weak references::
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static PyObject *
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weakref_ref(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
@@ -584,7 +587,7 @@ Building values
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Same as ``s#``.
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``u`` (:class:`str`) [const wchar_t \*]
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Convert a null-terminated :c:expr:`wchar_t` buffer of Unicode (UTF-16 or UCS-4)
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Convert a null-terminated :c:type:`wchar_t` buffer of Unicode (UTF-16 or UCS-4)
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data to a Python Unicode object. If the Unicode buffer pointer is ``NULL``,
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``None`` is returned.
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@@ -650,8 +653,10 @@ Building values
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Convert a C :c:type:`Py_complex` structure to a Python complex number.
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``O`` (object) [PyObject \*]
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Pass a Python object untouched (except for its reference count, which is
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incremented by one). If the object passed in is a ``NULL`` pointer, it is assumed
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Pass a Python object untouched but create a new
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:term:`strong reference` to it
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(i.e. its reference count is incremented by one).
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If the object passed in is a ``NULL`` pointer, it is assumed
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that this was caused because the call producing the argument found an error and
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set an exception. Therefore, :c:func:`Py_BuildValue` will return ``NULL`` but won't
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raise an exception. If no exception has been raised yet, :exc:`SystemError` is
@@ -661,7 +666,7 @@ Building values
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Same as ``O``.
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``N`` (object) [PyObject \*]
664-
Same as ``O``, except it doesn'tincrement the reference count on the object.
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Same as ``O``, except it doesn'tcreate a new :term:`strong reference`.
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Useful when the object is created by a call to an object constructor in the
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argument list.
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‎_sources/c-api/bool.rst.txt

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@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ creation and deletion functions don't apply to booleans. The following macros
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are available, however.
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..c:var:: PyTypeObject PyBool_Type
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16+
This instance of:c:type:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python boolean type; it
17+
is the same object as:class:`bool` in the Python layer.
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1420
..c:function::intPyBool_Check(PyObject *o)
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Return true if *o* is of type:c:data:`PyBool_Type`. This function always

‎_sources/c-api/buffer.rst.txt

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@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the elements exposed by an :class:`array.array` can be multi-byte values.
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An example consumer of the buffer interface is the:meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.write`
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method of file objects: any object that can export a series of bytes through
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the buffer interface can be written to a file. While:meth:`write` only
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the buffer interface can be written to a file. While:meth:`!write` only
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needs read-only access to the internal contents of the object passed to it,
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other methods such as:meth:`~io.BufferedIOBase.readinto` need write access
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to the contents of their argument. The buffer interface allows objects to
@@ -102,7 +102,9 @@ a buffer, see :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`.
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..c:member:: PyObject *obj
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A new reference to the exporting object. The reference is owned by
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the consumer and automatically decremented and set to ``NULL`` by
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the consumer and automatically released
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(i.e. reference count decremented)
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and set to ``NULL`` by
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:c:func:`PyBuffer_Release`. The field is the equivalent of the return
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value of any standard C-API function.
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@@ -159,10 +161,7 @@ a buffer, see :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`.
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If it is ``0``,:c:member:`~Py_buffer.buf` points to a single item representing
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a scalar. In this case,:c:member:`~Py_buffer.shape`,:c:member:`~Py_buffer.strides`
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and:c:member:`~Py_buffer.suboffsets` MUST be ``NULL``.
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The macro:c:macro:`PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` limits the maximum number of dimensions
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to 64. Exporters MUST respect this limit, consumers of multi-dimensional
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buffers SHOULD be able to handle up to:c:macro:`PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` dimensions.
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The maximum number of dimensions is given by:c:macro:`PyBUF_MAX_NDIM`.
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..c:member:: Py_ssize_t *shape
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freed when the buffer is released. The consumer MUST NOT alter this
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value.
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Constants:
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..c:macro:: PyBUF_MAX_NDIM
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The maximum number of dimensions the memory represents.
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Exporters MUST respect this limit, consumers of multi-dimensional
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buffers SHOULD be able to handle up to:c:macro:`!PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` dimensions.
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Currently set to 64.
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.. _buffer-request-types:
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Buffer request types
@@ -225,7 +235,7 @@ object via :c:func:`PyObject_GetBuffer`. Since the complexity of the logical
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structure of the memory can vary drastically, the consumer uses the *flags*
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argument to specify the exact buffer type it can handle.
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All:c:data:`Py_buffer` fields are unambiguously defined by the request
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All:c:type:`Py_buffer` fields are unambiguously defined by the request
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type.
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request-independent fields
@@ -438,7 +448,7 @@ Buffer-related functions
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Send a request to *exporter* to fill in *view* as specified by *flags*.
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If the exporter cannot provide a buffer of the exact type, it MUST raise
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:c:data:`PyExc_BufferError`, set ``view->obj`` to ``NULL`` and
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:exc:`BufferError`, set ``view->obj`` to ``NULL`` and
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return ``-1``.
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On success, fill in *view*, set ``view->obj`` to a new reference
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.. c:function:: void PyBuffer_Release(Py_buffer *view)
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Release the buffer *view* and decrement the reference count for
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Release the buffer *view* and release the:term:`strong reference`
468+
(i.e. decrement the reference count) to the view's supporting object,
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``view->obj``. This function MUST be called when the buffer
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is no longer being used, otherwise reference leaks may occur.
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.. c:function:: Py_ssize_t PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat(const char *format)
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Return the implied:c:data:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` from:c:data:`~Py_buffer.format`.
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Return the implied:c:member:`~Py_buffer.itemsize` from:c:member:`~Py_buffer.format`.
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On error, raise an exception and return -1.
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..versionadded::3.9
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This function fails if *len* != *src->len*.
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.. c:function:: int PyObject_CopyData(Py_buffer *dest,Py_buffer *src)
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.. c:function:: int PyObject_CopyData(PyObject *dest,PyObject *src)
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Copy data from *src* to *dest* buffer. Can convert between C-style and
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or Fortran-style buffers.
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and:c:macro:`PyBUF_WRITABLE` is set in *flags*.
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On success, set ``view->obj`` to a new reference to *exporter* and
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return 0. Otherwise, raise:c:data:`PyExc_BufferError`, set
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return 0. Otherwise, raise:exc:`BufferError`, set
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``view->obj`` to ``NULL`` and return ``-1``;
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If this function is used as part of a:ref:`getbufferproc<buffer-structs>`,

‎_sources/c-api/bytearray.rst.txt

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Byte Array Objects
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------------------
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..index::object: bytearray
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..index::pair: object; bytearray
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..c:type:: PyByteArrayObject

‎_sources/c-api/bytes.rst.txt

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These functions raise:exc:`TypeError` when expecting a bytes parameter and
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called with a non-bytes parameter.
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..index::object: bytes
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..index::pair: object; bytes
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..c:type:: PyBytesObject
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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| Format Characters| Type| Comment|
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+===================+===============+================================+
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|:attr:`%%`| *n/a*| The literal % character.|
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|``%%``| *n/a*| The literal % character.|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%c`| int| A single byte,|
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|``%c``| int| A single byte,|
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||| represented as a C int.|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%d`| int| Equivalent to|
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|``%d``| int| Equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%d")``. [1]_|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%u`| unsigned int| Equivalent to|
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|``%u``| unsigned int| Equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%u")``. [1]_|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%ld`| long| Equivalent to|
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|``%ld``| long| Equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%ld")``. [1]_|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%lu`| unsigned long| Equivalent to|
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|``%lu``| unsigned long| Equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%lu")``. [1]_|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%zd`|:c:type:`\| Equivalent to|
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|``%zd``|:c:type:`\| Equivalent to|
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|| Py_ssize_t`| ``printf("%zd")``. [1]_|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%zu`| size_t| Equivalent to|
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|``%zu``| size_t| Equivalent to|
9191
||| ``printf("%zu")``. [1]_|
9292
+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%i`| int| Equivalent to|
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|``%i``| int| Equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%i")``. [1]_|
9595
+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%x`| int| Equivalent to|
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|``%x``| int| Equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%x")``. [1]_|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
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|:attr:`%s`| const char\*| A null-terminated C character|
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|``%s``| const char\*| A null-terminated C character|
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||| array.|
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+-------------------+---------------+--------------------------------+
102-
|:attr:`%p`| const void\*| The hex representation of a C|
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|``%p``| const void\*| The hex representation of a C|
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||| pointer. Mostly equivalent to|
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||| ``printf("%p")`` except that|
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||| it is guaranteed to start with|
@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ called with a non-bytes parameter.
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..c:function::voidPyBytes_ConcatAndDel(PyObject **bytes, PyObject *newpart)
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Create a new bytes object in *\*bytes* containing the contents of *newpart*
190-
appended to *bytes*. This versiondecrements thereference count of
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*newpart*.
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appended to *bytes*. This versionreleases the:term:`strong reference`
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to*newpart* (i.e. decrements its reference count).
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.. c:function:: int _PyBytes_Resize(PyObject **bytes, Py_ssize_t newsize)

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