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# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) 2001 Python Software Foundation
# This file is distributed under the same license as the Python package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
# Translators:
# python-doc bot, 2025
# Hengky Kurniawan, 2025
#
#,fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version:Python 3.14\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To:\n"
"POT-Creation-Date:2026-03-13 14:39+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date:2025-09-16 00:02+0000\n"
"Last-Translator:Hengky Kurniawan, 2025\n"
"Language-Team:Indonesian (https://app.transifex.com/python-doc/teams/5390/"
"id/)\n"
"MIME-Version:1.0\n"
"Content-Type:text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding:8bit\n"
"Language:id\n"
"Plural-Forms:nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
msgid"Errors and Exceptions"
msgstr"Kesalahan *errors* dan Pengecualian *exceptions*"
msgid""
"Until now error messages haven't been more than mentioned, but if you have "
"tried out the examples you have probably seen some. There are (at least) "
"two distinguishable kinds of errors: *syntax errors* and *exceptions*."
msgstr""
"Sampai sekarang pesan kesalahan belum lebih dari yang disebutkan, tetapi "
"jika Anda telah mencoba contohnya, Anda mungkin telah melihat beberapa. Ada "
"(setidaknya) dua jenis kesalahan yang dapat dibedakan: *syntax errors* dan "
"*exceptions*."
msgid"Syntax Errors"
msgstr"Kesalahan Sintaksis"
msgid""
"Syntax errors, also known as parsing errors, are perhaps the most common "
"kind of complaint you get while you are still learning Python::"
msgstr""
"Kesalahan sintaksis, juga dikenal sebagai kesalahan penguraian *parsing*, "
"mungkin merupakan jenis keluhan paling umum yang Anda dapatkan saat Anda "
"masih belajar Python::"
msgid""
">>> while True print('Hello world')\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 1\n"
" while True print('Hello world')\n"
" ^^^^^\n"
"SyntaxError: invalid syntax"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The parser repeats the offending line and displays little arrows pointing at "
"the place where the error was detected. Note that this is not always the "
"place that needs to be fixed. In the example, the error is detected at the "
"function :func:`print`, since a colon (``':'``) is missing just before it."
msgstr""
msgid""
"The file name (``<stdin>`` in our example) and line number are printed so "
"you know where to look in case the input came from a file."
msgstr""
msgid"Exceptions"
msgstr"Pengecualian"
msgid""
"Even if a statement or expression is syntactically correct, it may cause an "
"error when an attempt is made to execute it. Errors detected during "
"execution are called *exceptions* and are not unconditionally fatal: you "
"will soon learn how to handle them in Python programs. Most exceptions are "
"not handled by programs, however, and result in error messages as shown "
"here::"
msgstr""
"Bahkan jika suatu pernyataan atau ungkapan secara sintaksis benar, itu dapat "
"menyebabkan kesalahan ketika suatu usaha dilakukan untuk mengeksekusinya. "
"Kesalahan yang terdeteksi selama eksekusi disebut *exceptions* dan tidak "
"fatal tanpa syarat: Anda akan segera belajar cara menanganinya dalam program "
"Python. Namun, sebagian besar pengecualian tidak ditangani oleh program, dan "
"menghasilkan pesan kesalahan seperti yang ditunjukkan di sini::"
msgid""
">>> 10 * (1/0)\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" 10 * (1/0)\n"
" ~^~\n"
"ZeroDivisionError: division by zero\n"
">>> 4 + spam*3\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" 4 + spam*3\n"
" ^^^^\n"
"NameError: name 'spam' is not defined\n"
">>> '2' + 2\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" '2' + 2\n"
" ~~~~^~~\n"
"TypeError: can only concatenate str (not\"int\") to str"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The last line of the error message indicates what happened. Exceptions come "
"in different types, and the type is printed as part of the message: the "
"types in the example are :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, :exc:`NameError` and :exc:"
"`TypeError`. The string printed as the exception type is the name of the "
"built-in exception that occurred. This is true for all built-in exceptions, "
"but need not be true for user-defined exceptions (although it is a useful "
"convention). Standard exception names are built-in identifiers (not reserved "
"keywords)."
msgstr""
"Baris terakhir dari pesan kesalahan menunjukkan apa yang terjadi. "
"Pengecualian ada berbagai jenis yang berbeda, dan tipe dicetak sebagai "
"bagian dari pesan: tipe dalam contoh adalah :exc:`ZeroDivisionError`, :exc:"
"`NameError` dan :exc:`TypeError`. String yang dicetak sebagai jenis "
"pengecualian adalah nama pengecualian bawaan yang terjadi. Ini berlaku untuk "
"semua pengecualian bawaan, tetapi tidak harus sama untuk pengecualian yang "
"dibuat pengguna (meskipun ini adalah konvensi yang bermanfaat). Nama "
"pengecualian standar adalah pengidentifikasi bawaan (bukan kata kunci yang "
"dipesan *reserved keyword*)."
msgid""
"The rest of the line provides detail based on the type of exception and what "
"caused it."
msgstr""
"Sisa baris menyediakan detail berdasarkan jenis pengecualian dan apa yang "
"menyebabkannya."
msgid""
"The preceding part of the error message shows the context where the "
"exception occurred, in the form of a stack traceback. In general it contains "
"a stack traceback listing source lines; however, it will not display lines "
"read from standard input."
msgstr""
"Bagian sebelumnya dari pesan kesalahan menunjukkan konteks di mana "
"pengecualian terjadi, dalam bentuk tumpukan *traceback* Secara umum, ini "
"berisi daftar baris sumber tumpukan *traceback*; namun, ini tidak akan "
"menampilkan baris yang dibaca dari masukan standar."
msgid""
":ref:`bltin-exceptions` lists the built-in exceptions and their meanings."
msgstr""
":ref:`bltin-exceptions` memberikan daftar pengecualian bawaan dan artinya."
msgid"Handling Exceptions"
msgstr"Menangani Pengecualian"
msgid""
"It is possible to write programs that handle selected exceptions. Look at "
"the following example, which asks the user for input until a valid integer "
"has been entered, but allows the user to interrupt the program (using :kbd:"
"`Control-C` or whatever the operating system supports); note that a user-"
"generated interruption is signalled by raising the :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` "
"exception. ::"
msgstr""
"Dimungkinkan untuk menulis program yang menangani pengecualian yang dipilih. "
"Lihatlah contoh berikut, yang meminta masukan dari pengguna sampai integer "
"yang valid telah dimasukkan, tetapi memungkinkan pengguna untuk menghentikan "
"program (menggunakan :kbd:`Control-C` atau apa pun yang didukung sistem "
"operasi); perhatikan bahwa gangguan yang dibuat pengguna ditandai dengan "
"munculnya pengecualian :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`. ::"
msgid""
">>> while True:\n"
"... try:\n"
"... x = int(input(\"Please enter a number:\"))\n"
"... break\n"
"... except ValueError:\n"
"... print(\"Oops! That was no valid number. Try again...\")\n"
"..."
msgstr""
msgid"The :keyword:`try` statement works as follows."
msgstr"Pernyataan :keyword:`try` berfungsi sebagai berikut."
msgid""
"First, the *try clause* (the statement(s) between the :keyword:`try` and :"
"keyword:`except` keywords) is executed."
msgstr""
"Pertama, *try clause* (pernyataan(-pernyataan) di antara kata kunci :keyword:"
"`try` dan :keyword:`except`) dieksekusi."
msgid""
"If no exception occurs, the *except clause* is skipped and execution of the :"
"keyword:`try` statement is finished."
msgstr""
"Jika tidak ada pengecualian terjadi, *except clause* dilewati dan eksekusi "
"pernyataan :keyword:`try` selesai."
msgid""
"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`try` clause, the "
"rest of the clause is skipped. Then, if its type matches the exception "
"named after the :keyword:`except` keyword, the *except clause* is executed, "
"and then execution continues after the try/except block."
msgstr""
msgid""
"If an exception occurs which does not match the exception named in the "
"*except clause*, it is passed on to outer :keyword:`try` statements; if no "
"handler is found, it is an *unhandled exception* and execution stops with an "
"error message."
msgstr""
msgid""
"A :keyword:`try` statement may have more than one *except clause*, to "
"specify handlers for different exceptions. At most one handler will be "
"executed. Handlers only handle exceptions that occur in the corresponding "
"*try clause*, not in other handlers of the same :keyword:`!try` statement. "
"An *except clause* may name multiple exceptions, for example::"
msgstr""
msgid""
"... except RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError:\n"
"... pass"
msgstr""
msgid""
"A class in an :keyword:`except` clause matches exceptions which are "
"instances of the class itself or one of its derived classes (but not the "
"other way around --- an *except clause* listing a derived class does not "
"match instances of its base classes). For example, the following code will "
"print B, C, D in that order::"
msgstr""
msgid""
"class B(Exception):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class C(B):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"class D(C):\n"
" pass\n"
"\n"
"for cls in [B, C, D]:\n"
" try:\n"
" raise cls()\n"
" except D:\n"
" print(\"D\")\n"
" except C:\n"
" print(\"C\")\n"
" except B:\n"
" print(\"B\")"
msgstr""
msgid""
"Note that if the *except clauses* were reversed (with ``except B`` first), "
"it would have printed B, B, B --- the first matching *except clause* is "
"triggered."
msgstr""
msgid""
"When an exception occurs, it may have associated values, also known as the "
"exception's *arguments*. The presence and types of the arguments depend on "
"the exception type."
msgstr""
msgid""
"The *except clause* may specify a variable after the exception name. The "
"variable is bound to the exception instance which typically has an ``args`` "
"attribute that stores the arguments. For convenience, builtin exception "
"types define :meth:`~object.__str__` to print all the arguments without "
"explicitly accessing ``.args``. ::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"... except Exception as inst:\n"
"... print(type(inst)) # the exception type\n"
"... print(inst.args) # arguments stored in .args\n"
"... print(inst) # __str__ allows args to be printed directly,\n"
"... # but may be overridden in exception "
"subclasses\n"
"... x, y = inst.args # unpack args\n"
"... print('x =', x)\n"
"... print('y =', y)\n"
"...\n"
"<class 'Exception'>\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"('spam', 'eggs')\n"
"x = spam\n"
"y = eggs"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The exception's :meth:`~object.__str__` output is printed as the last part "
"('detail') of the message for unhandled exceptions."
msgstr""
msgid""
":exc:`BaseException` is the common base class of all exceptions. One of its "
"subclasses, :exc:`Exception`, is the base class of all the non-fatal "
"exceptions. Exceptions which are not subclasses of :exc:`Exception` are not "
"typically handled, because they are used to indicate that the program should "
"terminate. They include :exc:`SystemExit` which is raised by :meth:`sys."
"exit` and :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt` which is raised when a user wishes to "
"interrupt the program."
msgstr""
msgid""
":exc:`Exception` can be used as a wildcard that catches (almost) everything. "
"However, it is good practice to be as specific as possible with the types of "
"exceptions that we intend to handle, and to allow any unexpected exceptions "
"to propagate on."
msgstr""
msgid""
"The most common pattern for handling :exc:`Exception` is to print or log the "
"exception and then re-raise it (allowing a caller to handle the exception as "
"well)::"
msgstr""
msgid""
"import sys\n"
"\n"
"try:\n"
" f = open('myfile.txt')\n"
" s = f.readline()\n"
" i = int(s.strip())\n"
"except OSError as err:\n"
" print(\"OS error:\", err)\n"
"except ValueError:\n"
" print(\"Could not convert data to an integer.\")\n"
"except Exception as err:\n"
" print(f\"Unexpected {err=}, {type(err)=}\")\n"
" raise"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The :keyword:`try` ... :keyword:`except` statement has an optional *else "
"clause*, which, when present, must follow all *except clauses*. It is "
"useful for code that must be executed if the *try clause* does not raise an "
"exception. For example::"
msgstr""
msgid""
"for arg in sys.argv[1:]:\n"
" try:\n"
" f = open(arg, 'r')\n"
" except OSError:\n"
" print('cannot open', arg)\n"
" else:\n"
" print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')\n"
" f.close()"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The use of the :keyword:`!else` clause is better than adding additional code "
"to the :keyword:`try` clause because it avoids accidentally catching an "
"exception that wasn't raised by the code being protected by the :keyword:`!"
"try` ... :keyword:`!except` statement."
msgstr""
"Penggunaan klausa :keyword:`!else` lebih baik daripada menambahkan kode "
"tambahan ke klausa :keyword:`try` karena menghindari secara tidak sengaja "
"menangkap pengecualian yang tidak dimunculkan oleh kode yang dilindungi oleh "
"pernyataan :keyword:`!try` ... :keyword:`!except`."
msgid""
"Exception handlers do not handle only exceptions that occur immediately in "
"the *try clause*, but also those that occur inside functions that are called "
"(even indirectly) in the *try clause*. For example::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> def this_fails():\n"
"... x = 1/0\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... this_fails()\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError as err:\n"
"... print('Handling run-time error:', err)\n"
"...\n"
"Handling run-time error: division by zero"
msgstr""
msgid"Raising Exceptions"
msgstr"Memunculkan Pengecualian"
msgid""
"The :keyword:`raise` statement allows the programmer to force a specified "
"exception to occur. For example::"
msgstr""
"Pernyataan :keyword:`raise` memungkinkan programmer untuk memaksa "
"pengecualian yang ditentukan terjadi. Sebagai contoh::"
msgid""
">>> raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The sole argument to :keyword:`raise` indicates the exception to be raised. "
"This must be either an exception instance or an exception class (a class "
"that derives from :class:`BaseException`, such as :exc:`Exception` or one of "
"its subclasses). If an exception class is passed, it will be implicitly "
"instantiated by calling its constructor with no arguments::"
msgstr""
msgid"raise ValueError # shorthand for 'raise ValueError()'"
msgstr""
msgid""
"If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don't intend to "
"handle it, a simpler form of the :keyword:`raise` statement allows you to re-"
"raise the exception::"
msgstr""
"Jika Anda perlu menentukan apakah pengecualian muncul tetapi tidak bermaksud "
"menanganinya, bentuk yang lebih sederhana dari pernyataan :keyword:`raise` "
"memungkinkan Anda untuk memunculkan kembali pengecualian::"
msgid""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"... except NameError:\n"
"... print('An exception flew by!')\n"
"... raise\n"
"...\n"
"An exception flew by!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise NameError('HiThere')\n"
"NameError: HiThere"
msgstr""
msgid"Exception Chaining"
msgstr"Rantai Pengecualian"
msgid""
"If an unhandled exception occurs inside an :keyword:`except` section, it "
"will have the exception being handled attached to it and included in the "
"error message::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> try:\n"
"... open(\"database.sqlite\")\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" open(\"database.sqlite\")\n"
" ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n"
"FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'database.sqlite'\n"
"\n"
"During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError(\"unable to handle error\")\n"
"RuntimeError: unable to handle error"
msgstr""
msgid""
"To indicate that an exception is a direct consequence of another, the :"
"keyword:`raise` statement allows an optional :keyword:`from<raise>` clause::"
msgstr""
msgid""
"# exc must be exception instance or None.\n"
"raise RuntimeError from exc"
msgstr""
msgid"This can be useful when you are transforming exceptions. For example::"
msgstr"Ini dapat berguna saat Anda mengubah pengecualian. Sebagai contoh::"
msgid""
">>> def func():\n"
"... raise ConnectionError\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... func()\n"
"... except ConnectionError as exc:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" func()\n"
" ~~~~^^\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in func\n"
"ConnectionError\n"
"\n"
"The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n"
"\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError('Failed to open database') from exc\n"
"RuntimeError: Failed to open database"
msgstr""
msgid""
"It also allows disabling automatic exception chaining using the ``from "
"None`` idiom::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> try:\n"
"... open('database.sqlite')\n"
"... except OSError:\n"
"... raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 4, in <module>\n"
" raise RuntimeError from None\n"
"RuntimeError"
msgstr""
msgid""
"For more information about chaining mechanics, see :ref:`bltin-exceptions`."
msgstr""
"Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang mekanisme rantai, lihat :ref:`bltin-"
"exceptions`."
msgid"User-defined Exceptions"
msgstr"Pengecualian yang Ditentukan Pengguna"
msgid""
"Programs may name their own exceptions by creating a new exception class "
"(see :ref:`tut-classes` for more about Python classes). Exceptions should "
"typically be derived from the :exc:`Exception` class, either directly or "
"indirectly."
msgstr""
"Program dapat memberi nama pengecualian mereka sendiri dengan membuat kelas "
"pengecualian baru (lihat :ref:`tut-classes` untuk informasi lebih lanjut "
"tentang kelas Python). Pengecualian biasanya berasal dari kelas :exc:"
"`Exception`, baik secara langsung atau tidak langsung."
msgid""
"Exception classes can be defined which do anything any other class can do, "
"but are usually kept simple, often only offering a number of attributes that "
"allow information about the error to be extracted by handlers for the "
"exception."
msgstr""
msgid""
"Most exceptions are defined with names that end in\"Error\", similar to the "
"naming of the standard exceptions."
msgstr""
"Sebagian besar pengecualian didefinisikan dengan nama yang diakhiri dengan "
"\"Error\", mirip dengan penamaan pengecualian standar."
msgid""
"Many standard modules define their own exceptions to report errors that may "
"occur in functions they define."
msgstr""
msgid"Defining Clean-up Actions"
msgstr"Mendefinisikan Tindakan Pembersihan"
msgid""
"The :keyword:`try` statement has another optional clause which is intended "
"to define clean-up actions that must be executed under all circumstances. "
"For example::"
msgstr""
"Pernyataan :keyword:`try` memiliki klausa opsional lain yang dimaksudkan "
"untuk menentukan tindakan pembersihan yang harus dijalankan dalam semua "
"keadaan. Sebagai contoh::"
msgid""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print('Goodbye, world!')\n"
"...\n"
"Goodbye, world!\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise KeyboardInterrupt\n"
"KeyboardInterrupt"
msgstr""
msgid""
"If a :keyword:`finally` clause is present, the :keyword:`!finally` clause "
"will execute as the last task before the :keyword:`try` statement completes. "
"The :keyword:`!finally` clause runs whether or not the :keyword:`!try` "
"statement produces an exception. The following points discuss more complex "
"cases when an exception occurs:"
msgstr""
"Jika ada klausa :keyword:`finally`, klausa untuk :keyword:`!finally` akan "
"dijalankan sebagai tugas terakhir sebelum pernyataan untuk :keyword:`try` "
"selesai. Klausa untuk :keyword:`!finally` dapat berjalan bai atau tidak "
"apabila pernyataan :keyword:`!try` menghasilkan suatu pengecualian. Poin-"
"poin berikut membahas kasus yang lebih kompleks saat pengecualian terjadi:"
msgid""
"If an exception occurs during execution of the :keyword:`!try` clause, the "
"exception may be handled by an :keyword:`except` clause. If the exception is "
"not handled by an :keyword:`!except` clause, the exception is re-raised "
"after the :keyword:`!finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr""
"Jika pengecualian terjadi selama eksekusi klausa untuk :keyword:`!try`, maka "
"pengecualian tersebut dapat ditangani oleh klausa :keyword:`except`. Jika "
"pengecualian tidak ditangani oleh klausa :keyword:`!except`, maka "
"pengecualian dimunculkan kembali setelah klausa :keyword:`!finally` "
"dieksekusi."
msgid""
"An exception could occur during execution of an :keyword:`!except` or :"
"keyword:`!else` clause. Again, the exception is re-raised after the :keyword:"
"`!finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr""
"Pengecualian dapat terjadi selama pelaksanaan klausa :keyword:`!except` "
"atau :keyword:`!else`. Sekali lagi, pengecualian akan muncul kembali setelah "
"klausa :keyword:`!finally` telah dieksekusi."
msgid""
"If the :keyword:`!finally` clause executes a :keyword:`break`, :keyword:"
"`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, exceptions are not re-raised. "
"This can be confusing and is therefore discouraged. From version 3.14 the "
"compiler emits a :exc:`SyntaxWarning` for it (see :pep:`765`)."
msgstr""
msgid""
"If the :keyword:`!try` statement reaches a :keyword:`break`, :keyword:"
"`continue` or :keyword:`return` statement, the :keyword:`!finally` clause "
"will execute just prior to the :keyword:`!break`, :keyword:`!continue` or :"
"keyword:`!return` statement's execution."
msgstr""
"Jika pernyataan klausa untuk :keyword:`!try` mencapai klausa :keyword:"
"`break`, :keyword:`continue` atau :keyword:`return` maka, pernyataan untuk "
"klausa :keyword:`!finally` akan dieksekusi sebelum :keyword:`!break`, :"
"keyword:`!continue` atau :keyword:`!return` dieksekusi."
msgid""
"If a :keyword:`!finally` clause includes a :keyword:`!return` statement, the "
"returned value will be the one from the :keyword:`!finally` clause's :"
"keyword:`!return` statement, not the value from the :keyword:`!try` "
"clause's :keyword:`!return` statement. This can be confusing and is "
"therefore discouraged. From version 3.14 the compiler emits a :exc:"
"`SyntaxWarning` for it (see :pep:`765`)."
msgstr""
msgid"For example::"
msgstr"Sebagai contoh::"
msgid""
">>> def bool_return():\n"
"... try:\n"
"... return True\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... return False\n"
"...\n"
">>> bool_return()\n"
"False"
msgstr""
msgid"A more complicated example::"
msgstr"Contoh yang lebih rumit::"
msgid""
">>> def divide(x, y):\n"
"... try:\n"
"... result = x / y\n"
"... except ZeroDivisionError:\n"
"... print(\"division by zero!\")\n"
"... else:\n"
"... print(\"result is\", result)\n"
"... finally:\n"
"... print(\"executing finally clause\")\n"
"...\n"
">>> divide(2, 1)\n"
"result is 2.0\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(2, 0)\n"
"division by zero!\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
">>> divide(\"2\",\"1\")\n"
"executing finally clause\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" divide(\"2\",\"1\")\n"
" ~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 3, in divide\n"
" result = x / y\n"
" ~~^~~\n"
"TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'"
msgstr""
msgid""
"As you can see, the :keyword:`finally` clause is executed in any event. "
"The :exc:`TypeError` raised by dividing two strings is not handled by the :"
"keyword:`except` clause and therefore re-raised after the :keyword:`!"
"finally` clause has been executed."
msgstr""
"Seperti yang Anda lihat, klausa :keyword:`finally` dieksekusi dalam "
"peristiwa apa pun. :exc:`TypeError` yang ditimbulkan dengan membagi dua "
"string tidak ditangani oleh klausa :keyword:`except` dan karenanya kembali "
"muncul setelah klausa :keyword:`!finally` telah dieksekusi."
msgid""
"In real world applications, the :keyword:`finally` clause is useful for "
"releasing external resources (such as files or network connections), "
"regardless of whether the use of the resource was successful."
msgstr""
"Dalam aplikasi dunia nyata, klausa :keyword:`finally` berguna untuk "
"melepaskan sumber daya eksternal (seperti berkas atau koneksi jaringan), "
"terlepas dari apakah penggunaan sumber daya tersebut berhasil."
msgid"Predefined Clean-up Actions"
msgstr"Tindakan Pembersihan yang Sudah Ditentukan"
msgid""
"Some objects define standard clean-up actions to be undertaken when the "
"object is no longer needed, regardless of whether or not the operation using "
"the object succeeded or failed. Look at the following example, which tries "
"to open a file and print its contents to the screen. ::"
msgstr""
"Beberapa objek mendefinisikan tindakan pembersihan standar yang harus "
"dilakukan ketika objek tidak lagi diperlukan, terlepas dari apakah operasi "
"menggunakan objek berhasil atau gagal. Lihatlah contoh berikut, yang mencoba "
"membuka berkas dan mencetak isinya ke layar. ::"
msgid""
"for line in open(\"myfile.txt\"):\n"
" print(line, end=\"\")"
msgstr""
msgid""
"The problem with this code is that it leaves the file open for an "
"indeterminate amount of time after this part of the code has finished "
"executing. This is not an issue in simple scripts, but can be a problem for "
"larger applications. The :keyword:`with` statement allows objects like files "
"to be used in a way that ensures they are always cleaned up promptly and "
"correctly. ::"
msgstr""
"Masalah dengan kode ini adalah bahwa ia membiarkan berkas terbuka untuk "
"jumlah waktu yang tidak ditentukan setelah bagian kode ini selesai "
"dieksekusi. Ini bukan masalah dalam skrip sederhana, tetapi bisa menjadi "
"masalah untuk aplikasi yang lebih besar. Pernyataan :keyword:`with` "
"memungkinkan objek seperti berkas digunakan dengan cara yang memastikan "
"mereka selalu dibersihkan secepatnya dan dengan benar. ::"
msgid""
"with open(\"myfile.txt\") as f:\n"
" for line in f:\n"
" print(line, end=\"\")"
msgstr""
msgid""
"After the statement is executed, the file *f* is always closed, even if a "
"problem was encountered while processing the lines. Objects which, like "
"files, provide predefined clean-up actions will indicate this in their "
"documentation."
msgstr""
"Setelah pernyataan dieksekusi, file *f* selalu ditutup, bahkan jika ada "
"masalah saat pemrosesan baris-baris. Objek yang, seperti berkas-berkas, "
"memberikan tindakan pembersihan yang telah ditentukan, akan menunjukkan ini "
"dalam dokumentasinya."
msgid"Raising and Handling Multiple Unrelated Exceptions"
msgstr""
msgid""
"There are situations where it is necessary to report several exceptions that "
"have occurred. This is often the case in concurrency frameworks, when "
"several tasks may have failed in parallel, but there are also other use "
"cases where it is desirable to continue execution and collect multiple "
"errors rather than raise the first exception."
msgstr""
msgid""
"The builtin :exc:`ExceptionGroup` wraps a list of exception instances so "
"that they can be raised together. It is an exception itself, so it can be "
"caught like any other exception. ::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> def f():\n"
"... excs = [OSError('error 1'), SystemError('error 2')]\n"
"... raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)\n"
"...\n"
">>> f()\n"
" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" | f()\n"
" | ~^^\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 3, in f\n"
" | raise ExceptionGroup('there were problems', excs)\n"
" | ExceptionGroup: there were problems (2 sub-exceptions)\n"
" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n"
" | OSError: error 1\n"
" +---------------- 2 ----------------\n"
" | SystemError: error 2\n"
" +------------------------------------\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... f()\n"
"... except Exception as e:\n"
"... print(f'caught {type(e)}: e')\n"
"...\n"
"caught <class 'ExceptionGroup'>: e\n"
">>>"
msgstr""
msgid""
"By using ``except*`` instead of ``except``, we can selectively handle only "
"the exceptions in the group that match a certain type. In the following "
"example, which shows a nested exception group, each ``except*`` clause "
"extracts from the group exceptions of a certain type while letting all other "
"exceptions propagate to other clauses and eventually to be reraised. ::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> def f():\n"
"... raise ExceptionGroup(\n"
"...\"group1\",\n"
"... [\n"
"... OSError(1),\n"
"... SystemError(2),\n"
"... ExceptionGroup(\n"
"...\"group2\",\n"
"... [\n"
"... OSError(3),\n"
"... RecursionError(4)\n"
"... ]\n"
"... )\n"
"... ]\n"
"... )\n"
"...\n"
">>> try:\n"
"... f()\n"
"... except* OSError as e:\n"
"... print(\"There were OSErrors\")\n"
"... except* SystemError as e:\n"
"... print(\"There were SystemErrors\")\n"
"...\n"
"There were OSErrors\n"
"There were SystemErrors\n"
" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" | f()\n"
" | ~^^\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in f\n"
" | raise ExceptionGroup(\n"
" | ...<12 lines>...\n"
" | )\n"
" | ExceptionGroup: group1 (1 sub-exception)\n"
" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n"
" | ExceptionGroup: group2 (1 sub-exception)\n"
" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n"
" | RecursionError: 4\n"
" +------------------------------------\n"
">>>"
msgstr""
msgid""
"Note that the exceptions nested in an exception group must be instances, not "
"types. This is because in practice the exceptions would typically be ones "
"that have already been raised and caught by the program, along the following "
"pattern::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> excs = []\n"
"... for test in tests:\n"
"... try:\n"
"... test.run()\n"
"... except Exception as e:\n"
"... excs.append(e)\n"
"...\n"
">>> if excs:\n"
"... raise ExceptionGroup(\"Test Failures\", excs)\n"
"..."
msgstr""
msgid"Enriching Exceptions with Notes"
msgstr""
msgid""
"When an exception is created in order to be raised, it is usually "
"initialized with information that describes the error that has occurred. "
"There are cases where it is useful to add information after the exception "
"was caught. For this purpose, exceptions have a method ``add_note(note)`` "
"that accepts a string and adds it to the exception's notes list. The "
"standard traceback rendering includes all notes, in the order they were "
"added, after the exception. ::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> try:\n"
"... raise TypeError('bad type')\n"
"... except Exception as e:\n"
"... e.add_note('Add some information')\n"
"... e.add_note('Add some more information')\n"
"... raise\n"
"...\n"
"Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in <module>\n"
" raise TypeError('bad type')\n"
"TypeError: bad type\n"
"Add some information\n"
"Add some more information\n"
">>>"
msgstr""
msgid""
"For example, when collecting exceptions into an exception group, we may want "
"to add context information for the individual errors. In the following each "
"exception in the group has a note indicating when this error has occurred. ::"
msgstr""
msgid""
">>> def f():\n"
"... raise OSError('operation failed')\n"
"...\n"
">>> excs = []\n"
">>> for i in range(3):\n"
"... try:\n"
"... f()\n"
"... except Exception as e:\n"
"... e.add_note(f'Happened in Iteration {i+1}')\n"
"... excs.append(e)\n"
"...\n"
">>> raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)\n"
" + Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>\n"
" | raise ExceptionGroup('We have some problems', excs)\n"
" | ExceptionGroup: We have some problems (3 sub-exceptions)\n"
" +-+---------------- 1 ----------------\n"
" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 3, in <module>\n"
" | f()\n"
" | ~^^\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in f\n"
" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n"
" | OSError: operation failed\n"
" | Happened in Iteration 1\n"
" +---------------- 2 ----------------\n"
" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 3, in <module>\n"
" | f()\n"
" | ~^^\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in f\n"
" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n"
" | OSError: operation failed\n"
" | Happened in Iteration 2\n"
" +---------------- 3 ----------------\n"
" | Traceback (most recent call last):\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 3, in <module>\n"
" | f()\n"
" | ~^^\n"
" | File\"<stdin>\", line 2, in f\n"
" | raise OSError('operation failed')\n"
" | OSError: operation failed\n"
" | Happened in Iteration 3\n"
" +------------------------------------\n"
">>>"
msgstr""