…be 0 (pythonGH-5576)The itemsize returned in a memoryview of a ctypes array is now computed from the item type, instead of dividing the total size by the length and assuming that the length is not zero.(cherry picked from commit84bc6a4)Co-authored-by: Eric Wieser <wieser.eric@gmail.com>

…be 0 (pythonGH-5576)The itemsize returned in a memoryview of a ctypes array is now computed from the item type, instead of dividing the total size by the length and assuming that the length is not zero.(cherry picked from commit84bc6a4)Co-authored-by: Eric Wieser <wieser.eric@gmail.com>

… be 0 (GH-5576) (#100451)gh-76963: PEP3118 itemsize of an empty ctypes array should not be 0 (GH-5576)The itemsize returned in a memoryview of a ctypes array is now computed from the item type, instead of dividing the total size by the length and assuming that the length is not zero.(cherry picked from commit84bc6a4)Co-authored-by: Eric Wieser <wieser.eric@gmail.com>

… be 0 (GH-5576) (GH-100452)gh-76963: PEP3118 itemsize of an empty ctypes array should not be 0 (GH-5576)The itemsize returned in a memoryview of a ctypes array is now computed from the item type, instead of dividing the total size by the length and assuming that the length is not zero.(cherry picked from commit84bc6a4)Co-authored-by: Eric Wieser <wieser.eric@gmail.com>

* CorrectCVE-2020-10735 documentation (python#100306)*pythongh-94912: Added marker for non-standard coroutine function detection (python#99247)This introduces a new decorator `@inspect.markcoroutinefunction`,which, applied to a sync function, makes it appear async to`inspect.iscoroutinefunction()`.* Docs: Don't upload CI artifacts (python#100330)*pythongh-89727: Fix os.walk RecursionError on deep trees (python#99803)Use a stack to implement os.walk iteratively instead of recursively toavoid hitting recursion limits on deeply nested trees.*pythongh-69929: re docs: Add more specific definition of \w (python#92015)Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>*pythongh-89051: Add ssl.OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT (python#93927)Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>Fixespython#89051*pythongh-88211: Change lower-case and upper-case to match recommendations in imaplib docs (python#99625)*pythongh-100348: Fix ref cycle in `asyncio._SelectorSocketTransport` with `_read_ready_cb` (python#100349)*pythongh-99925: Fix inconsistency in `json.dumps()` error messages (pythonGH-99926)* Clarify that every thread has its own default context in contextvars (python#99246)*pythongh-99576: Fix cookiejar file that was not truncated for some classes (pythonGH-99616)Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>*pythongh-100188: Reduce misses in BINARY_SUBSCR_(LIST/TUPLE)_INT (python#100189)Don't specialize if the index is negative.*pythongh-99991: improve docs on str.encode and bytes.decode (python#100198)Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>*pythongh-91081: Add note on WeakKeyDictionary behavior when deleting a replaced entry (python#91499)Co-authored-by: Pieter Eendebak <P.T.eendebak@tudelft.nl>Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>*pythongh-85267: Improvements to inspect.signature __text_signature__ handling (python#98796)This makes a couple related changes to inspect.signature's behaviourwhen parsing a signature from `__text_signature__`.First, `inspect.signature` is documented as only raising ValueError orTypeError. However, in some cases, we could raise RuntimeError.  This PRchanges that, thereby fixingpython#83685.(Note that the new ValueErrors in RewriteSymbolics are caught and thenreraised with a message)Second, `inspect.signature` could randomly drop parameters that itdidn't understand (corresponding to `return None` in the `p` function).This is the core issue inpython#85267. I think this is very surprisingbehaviour and it seems better to fail outright.Third, adding this new failure broke a couple tests. To fix them (and toe.g. allow `inspect.signature(select.epoll.register)` as inpython#85267), Iadd constant folding of a couple binary operations to RewriteSymbolics.(There's some discussion of making signature expression evaluationarbitrary powerful inpython#68155. I think that's out of scope. Theadditional constant folding here is pretty straightforward, useful, andnot much of a slippery slope)Fourth, whilepython#85267 is incorrect about the cause of the issue, it turnsout if you had consecutive newlines in __text_signature__, you'd get`tokenize.TokenError`.Finally, the `if name is invalid:` code path was dead, since`parse_name` never returned `invalid`.*pythonGH-100363: Speed up `asyncio.get_running_loop` (python#100364)*pythonGH-100133: fix `asyncio` subprocess losing `stderr` and `stdout` output (python#100154)*pythongh-100374: Fixed a bug in socket.getfqdn() (pythongh-100375)*pythongh-100129: Add tests for pickling all builtin types and functions (pythonGH-100142)* Remove unused variable from `dis._find_imports` (python#100396)*pythongh-78878: Fix crash when creating an instance of `_ctypes.CField` (python#14837)*pythonGH-69564: Clarify use of octal format of mode argument in help(os.chmod) (python#20621)Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>*pythonGH-99554: Pack location tables more effectively (pythonGH-99556)* Correct typo in typing.py (python#100423)In the docstring of `ParamSpec`, the name of `P = ParamSpec('P')` wasmistakenly written as `'T'`.*pythongh-99761: Add `_PyLong_IsPositiveSingleDigit` function to check for single digit integers  (python#100064)*pythonGH-99770: Make the correct call specialization fail kind show up in the stats (pythonGH-99771)*pythongh-78997: fix bad rebase of moved test file (python#100424)*pythongh-100344: Add C implementation for `asyncio.current_task` (python#100345)Co-authored-by: pranavtbhat*pythonGH-99554: Trim trailing whitespace (pythonGH-100435)Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:brandtbucher*pythongh-85432: Harmonise parameter names between C and pure-Python implementations of `datetime.time.strftime`, `datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp` (python#99993)*pythongh-57762: fix misleading tkinter.Tk docstring (python#98837)Mentioned as a desired change by terryjreedy on the corresponding issue,since Tk is not a subclass of Toplevel.*pythongh-48496: Added example and link to faq for UnboundLocalError in reference (python#93068)* Fix typo in 3.12 What's New (python#100449)*pythongh-76963: PEP3118 itemsize of an empty ctypes array should not be 0 (pythonGH-5576)The itemsize returned in a memoryview of a ctypes array is now computed from the item type, instead of dividing the total size by the length and assuming that the length is not zero.*pythonGH-100459: fix copy-paste errors in specialization stats (pythonGH-100460)*pythongh-99110: Initialize `frame->previous` in init_frame to fix segmentation fault when accessing `frame.f_back` (python#100182)*pythongh-98712: Clarify "readonly bytes-like object" semantics in C arg-parsing docs (python#98710)*pythongh-92216: improve performance of `hasattr` for type objects (pythonGH-99979)*pythongh-100288: Specialise LOAD_ATTR_METHOD for managed dictionaries (pythonGH-100289)* Revert "pythongh-100288: Specialise LOAD_ATTR_METHOD for managed dictionaries (pythonGH-100289)" (python#100468)This reverts commitc3c7848.*pythongh-94155: Reduce hash collisions for code objects (python#100183)* Uses a better hashing algorithm to get better dispersion and remove commutativity.* Incorporates `co_firstlineno`, `Py_SIZE(co)`, and bytecode instructions.* This is now the entire set of criteria used in `code_richcompare`, except for `_PyCode_ConstantKey` (which would incorporate the types of `co_consts` rather than just their values).*pythongh-83076: 3.8x speed improvement in (Async)Mock instantiation (python#100252)*pythongh-99482: remove `jython` compatibility parts from stdlib and tests (python#99484)* bpo-40447: accept all path-like objects in compileall.compile_file (python#19883)Signed-off-by: Filipe Laíns <lains@archlinux.org>Signed-off-by: Filipe Laíns <lains@riseup.net>Co-authored-by: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>*pythonGH-100425: Improve accuracy of builtin sum() for float inputs (pythonGH-100426)*pythongh-68320,pythongh-88302 - Allow for private `pathlib.Path` subclassing (pythonGH-31691)Users may wish to define subclasses of `pathlib.Path` to add or modifyexisting methods. Before this change, attempting to instantiate a subclassraised an exception like:    AttributeError: type object 'PPath' has no attribute '_flavour'Previously the `_flavour` attribute was assigned as follows:    PurePath._flavour        = xxx not set!! xxx    PurePosixPath._flavour   = _PosixFlavour()    PureWindowsPath._flavour = _WindowsFlavour()This change replaces it with a `_pathmod` attribute, set as follows:    PurePath._pathmod        = os.path    PurePosixPath._pathmod   = posixpath    PureWindowsPath._pathmod = ntpathFunctionality from `_PosixFlavour` and `_WindowsFlavour` is moved into`PurePath` as underscored-prefixed classmethods. Flavours are removed.Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Eryk Sun <eryksun@gmail.com>*pythongh-99947: Ensure unreported errors are chained for SystemError during import (pythonGH-99946)* Add "strict" to dotproduct(). Add docstring. Factor-out common code. (pythonGH-100480)*pythongh-94808: improve test coverage of number formatting (python#99472)*pythongh-100454: Start running SSL tests with OpenSSL 3.1.0-beta1 (python#100456)*pythongh-100268: Add is_integer method to int (python#100439)This improves the lives of type annotation users of `float` - which type checkers implicitly treat as `int|float` because that is what most code actually wants. Before this change a `.is_integer()` method could not be assumed to exist on things annotated as `: float` due to the method not existing on both types.*pythongh-77771: Add enterabs example in sched (python#92716)Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>*pythonGH-91166: Implement zero copy writes for `SelectorSocketTransport` in asyncio (python#31871)Co-authored-by: Guido van Rossum <gvanrossum@gmail.com>*pythonGH-91166: Implement zero copy writes for `SelectorSocketTransport` in asyncio (python#31871)Co-authored-by: Guido van Rossum <gvanrossum@gmail.com>* Misc Itertools recipe tweaks (pythonGH-100493)*pythongh-100357: Convert several functions in `bltinsmodule` to AC (python#100358)* Remove wrong comment about `repr` in `test_unicode` (python#100495)*pythongh-99908: Tutorial: Modernize the 'data-record class' example (python#100499)Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>*pythongh-100474: Fix handling of dirs named index.html in http.server (pythonGH-100475)If you had a directory called index.html or index.htm within a directory, it would cause http.server to return a 404 Not Found error instead of the directory listing. This came about due to not checking that the index was a regular file.I have also added a test case for this situation.Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:merwok*pythongh-100287: Fix unittest.mock.seal with AsyncMock (python#100496)*pythongh-99535: Add test for inheritance of annotations and update documentation (python#99990)*pythongh-100428: Make float documentation more accurate (python#100437)Previously, the grammar did not accept `float("10")`.Also implement mdickinson's suggestion of removing the indirection.* [Minor PR] Quotes in documentation changed into code blocks (python#99536)Minor formatting fix in documentationCo-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>*pythongh-100472: Fix docs claim that compileall parameters could be bytes (python#100473)*pythongh-100519: simplification to `eff_request_host` in cookiejar.py (python#99588)`IPV4_RE` includes a `.`, and the `.find(".") == -1` included here is already testing to make sure there's no dot, so this part of the expression is tautological. Instead use more modern `in` syntax to make it clear what the check is doing here. The simplified implementation more clearly matches the wording in RFC 2965.Co-authored-by: hauntsaninja <hauntsaninja@gmail.com>*pythongh-99308: Clarify re docs for byte pattern group names (python#99311)*pythongh-92446: Improve argparse choices docs; revert bad change to lzma docs (python#94627)Based on the definition of the collections.abc classes, it is more accurate to use "sequence" instead of "container" when describing argparse choices.A previous attempt at fixing this inpython#92450 was mistaken; this PR reverts that change.Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>* Fix name of removed `inspect.Signature.from_builtin` method in 3.11.0a2 changelog (python#100525)*pythongh-100520: Fix `rst` markup in `configparser`  docstrings (python#100524)*pythongh-99509: Add `__class_getitem__` to `multiprocessing.queues.Queue` (python#99511)*pythongh-94603: micro optimize list.pop (pythongh-94604)* Remove `NoneType` redefinition from `clinic.py` (python#100551)*pythongh-100553: Improve accuracy of sqlite3.Row iter test (python#100555)*pythonGH-98831: Modernize a ton of simpler instructions (python#100545)* load_const and load_fast aren't families for now* Don't decref unmoved names* Modernize GET_ANEXT* Modernize GET_AWAITABLE* Modernize ASYNC_GEN_WRAP* Modernize YIELD_VALUE* Modernize POP_EXCEPT (in more than one way)* Modernize PREP_RERAISE_STAR* Modernize LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR* Modernize LOAD_BUILD_CLASS* Modernize STORE_NAME* Modernize LOAD_NAME* Modernize LOAD_CLASSDEREF* Modernize LOAD_DEREF* Modernize STORE_DEREF* Modernize COPY_FREE_VARS (mark it as done)* Modernize LIST_TO_TUPLE* Modernize LIST_EXTEND* Modernize SET_UPDATE* Modernize SETUP_ANNOTATIONS* Modernize DICT_UPDATE* Modernize DICT_MERGE* Modernize MAP_ADD* Modernize IS_OP* Modernize CONTAINS_OP* Modernize CHECK_EXC_MATCH* Modernize IMPORT_NAME* Modernize IMPORT_STAR* Modernize IMPORT_FROM* Modernize JUMP_FORWARD (mark it as done)* Modernize JUMP_BACKWARD (mark it as done)Signed-off-by: Filipe Laíns <lains@archlinux.org>Signed-off-by: Filipe Laíns <lains@riseup.net>Co-authored-by: Jeremy Paige <ucodery@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Carlton Gibson <carlton@noumenal.es>Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Jon Burdo <jon@jonburdo.com>Co-authored-by: Stanley <46876382+slateny@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Jelle Zijlstra <jelle.zijlstra@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Thomas Grainger <tagrain@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Brad Wolfe <brad.wolfe@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Richard Kojedzinszky <rkojedzinszky@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: František Nesveda <fnesveda@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo Salgado <Pablogsal@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Nikita Sobolev <mail@sobolevn.me>Co-authored-by: Łukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>Co-authored-by: Dennis Sweeney <36520290+sweeneyde@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Bisola Olasehinde <horlasehinde@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>Co-authored-by: Pieter Eendebak <P.T.eendebak@tudelft.nl>Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Kumar Aditya <59607654+kumaraditya303@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Dominic Socular <BBH@awsl.rip>Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Hai Shi <shihai1992@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: amaajemyfren <32741226+amaajemyfren@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Brandt Bucher <brandtbucher@microsoft.com>Co-authored-by: david-why <david_why@outlook.com>Co-authored-by: Pieter Eendebak <pieter.eendebak@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: penguin_wwy <940375606@qq.com>Co-authored-by: Eli Schwartz <eschwartz93@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Itamar Ostricher <itamarost@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <Alex.Waygood@Gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Eric Wieser <wieser.eric@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Irit Katriel <1055913+iritkatriel@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Bill Fisher <william.w.fisher@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Petr Viktorin <encukou@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Ken Jin <kenjin@python.org>Co-authored-by: Carl Meyer <carl@oddbird.net>Co-authored-by: Filipe Laíns <lains@riseup.net>Co-authored-by: Raymond Hettinger <rhettinger@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Barney Gale <barney.gale@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: Eryk Sun <eryksun@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Sebastian Berg <sebastianb@nvidia.com>Co-authored-by: Illia Volochii <illia.volochii@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: JosephSBoyle <48555120+JosephSBoyle@users.noreply.github.com>Co-authored-by: James Frost <git@frost.cx>Co-authored-by: MonadChains <monadchains@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Bart Broere <mail@bartbroere.eu>Co-authored-by: Glyph <code@glyph.im>Co-authored-by: hauntsaninja <hauntsaninja@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Ilya Kulakov <kulakov.ilya@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Guy Yagev <yourlefthandman8@gmail.com>Co-authored-by: Jakub Kuczys <me@jacken.men>