Jan 23, 2026 · Jan 23, 2026 · Jan 24, 2026 · Jan 24, 2026 · Jan 24, 2026 · Jan 24, 2026
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.15.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.15.rst
  (Contributed by Jiahao Li in:gh:`134580`.)


 dis
 ---

 *:func:`dis.dis` supports colored output by default, which can also be
 :ref:`controlled<using-on-controlling-color>` through ``NO_COLOR=1``
  environment variable.
  (Contributed by Abduaziz Ziyodov in:gh:`144207`.)


 functools
 ---------

diff --git a/Lib/_colorize.py b/Lib/_colorize.py
    reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET


 @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class Dis(ThemeSection):
    label_bg: str = ANSIColors.BACKGROUND_BLUE
    label_fg: str = ANSIColors.BLACK
    exception_label: str = ANSIColors.CYAN
    argument_detail: str = ANSIColors.GREY

    op_stack: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_YELLOW
    op_load_store: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_CYAN
    op_call_return: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
    op_binary_unary: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
    op_control_flow: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_GREEN
    op_build: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_WHITE
    op_exceptions: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_RED
    op_other: str = ANSIColors.GREY

    reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET

    def color_by_opname(self, opname: str) -> str:
        if opname in (
            "POP_TOP",
            "POP_ITER",
            "END_FOR",
            "END_SEND",
            "COPY",
            "SWAP",
            "PUSH_NULL",
            "PUSH_EXC_INFO",
            "NOP",
            "CACHE",
        ):
            return self.op_stack

        if opname.startswith(("LOAD_", "STORE_", "DELETE_", "IMPORT_")):
            return self.op_load_store

        if opname.startswith(("CALL", "RETURN")) or opname in (
            "YIELD_VALUE",
            "MAKE_FUNCTION",
            "SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE",
            "RESUME",
        ):
            return self.op_call_return

        if opname.startswith(("BINARY_", "UNARY_")) or opname in (
            "COMPARE_OP",
            "IS_OP",
            "CONTAINS_OP",
            "GET_ITER",
            "GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER",
            "TO_BOOL",
            "DELETE_SUBSCR",
        ):
            return self.op_binary_unary

        if opname.startswith(("JUMP_", "POP_JUMP_", "FOR_ITER")) or opname in (
            "SEND",
            "GET_AWAITABLE",
            "GET_AITER",
            "GET_ANEXT",
            "END_ASYNC_FOR",
            "CLEANUP_THROW",
        ):
            return self.op_control_flow

        if opname.startswith(
            ("BUILD_", "LIST_", "DICT_", "UNPACK_")
        ) or opname in ("SET_ADD", "MAP_ADD", "SET_UPDATE"):
            return self.op_build

        if opname.startswith(("SETUP_", "CHECK_")) or opname in (
            "POP_EXCEPT",
            "RERAISE",
            "WITH_EXCEPT_START",
            "RAISE_VARARGS",
            "POP_BLOCK",
        ):
            return self.op_exceptions

        return self.op_other


 @dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class LiveProfiler(ThemeSection):
    """Theme section for the live profiling TUI (Tachyon profiler).
    syntax: Syntax = field(default_factory=Syntax)
    traceback: Traceback = field(default_factory=Traceback)
    unittest: Unittest = field(default_factory=Unittest)
    dis: Dis = field(default_factory=Dis)

    def copy_with(
        self,
            syntax=Syntax.no_colors(),
            traceback=Traceback.no_colors(),
            unittest=Unittest.no_colors(),
            dis=Dis.no_colors(),
        )


diff --git a/Lib/dis.py b/Lib/dis.py
        formatter.print_instruction(self, False)
        return output.getvalue()

 def _get_dis_theme():
    from _colorize import get_theme
    return get_theme().dis

 class Formatter:


    def print_instruction_line(self, instr, mark_as_current):
        """Format instruction details for inclusion in disassembly output."""
        theme = _get_dis_theme()
        lineno_width = self.lineno_width
        offset_width = self.offset_width
        label_width = self.label_width
        else:
            fields.append('   ')
        # Column: Opcode name
        fields.append(instr.opname.ljust(_OPNAME_WIDTH))
        fields.append(f"{theme.color_by_opname(instr.opname)}{instr.opname.ljust(_OPNAME_WIDTH)}{theme.reset}")
        # Column: Opcode argument
        if instr.arg is not None:
            # If opname is longer than _OPNAME_WIDTH, we allow it to overflow into
            fields.append(repr(instr.arg).rjust(_OPARG_WIDTH - opname_excess))
            # Column: Opcode argument details
            if instr.argrepr:
                fields.append('(' + instr.argrepr +')')
                fields.append(f'{theme.argument_detail}(' + instr.argrepr +f'){theme.reset}')
        print(' '.join(fields).rstrip(), file=self.file)

    def print_exception_table(self, exception_entries):
        file = self.file
        theme = _get_dis_theme()
        if exception_entries:
            print("ExceptionTable:", file=file)
            for entry in exception_entries:
                lasti = " lasti" if entry.lasti else ""
                start = entry.start_label
                end = entry.end_label
                target = entry.target_label
                print(f"  L{start} to L{end} -> L{target} [{entry.depth}]{lasti}", file=file)
                print(
                    f"  {theme.exception_label}L{start}{theme.reset} to "
                    f"{theme.exception_label}L{end}{theme.reset} "
                    f"-> {theme.exception_label}L{target}{theme.reset} [{entry.depth}]{lasti}",
                    file=file,
                )


 class ArgResolver:

 def _disassemble_recursive(co, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
    disassemble(co, file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
    theme = _get_dis_theme()
    if depth is None or depth > 0:
        if depth is not None:
            depth = depth - 1
        for x in co.co_consts:
            if hasattr(x, 'co_code'):
                print(file=file)
                print("Disassembly of%r:" % (x,), file=file)
                print(f"{theme.label_bg}{theme.label_fg}Disassembly of{x!r}:{theme.reset}", file=file)
                _disassemble_recursive(
                    x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches,
                    adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_compiler_assemble.py b/Lib/test/test_compiler_assemble.py
 importtypes

 fromtest.support.bytecode_helperimportAssemblerTestCase

 fromtest.supportimportforce_not_colorized

 # Tests for the code-object creation stage of the compiler.

 self.assemble_test(instructions,metadata,expected)


 @force_not_colorized
 deftest_exception_table(self):
 metadata= {
 'filename' :'exc.py',
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dis.py b/Lib/test/test_dis.py
 import textwrap
 import types
 import unittest
 from test.support import (captured_stdout,requires_debug_ranges,
 requires_specialization, cpython_only,
                          os_helper, import_helper, reset_code)
 from test.support import (captured_stdout,force_not_colorized_test_class,
 requires_debug_ranges, requires_specialization,
 cpython_only,os_helper, import_helper, reset_code)
 from test.support.bytecode_helper import BytecodeTestCase


        self.assertEqual(got, expected)


 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class DisTests(DisTestBase):

    maxDiff = None
        self.assertEqual(assem_op, assem_cache)


 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class DisWithFileTests(DisTests):

    # Run the tests again, using the file arg instead of print
        instrs_2 = [instr_2._replace(positions=None, cache_info=None) for instr_2 in instrs_2]
        self.assertEqual(instrs_1, instrs_2)

 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class InstructionTests(InstructionTestCase):

    def __init__(self, *args):

 # get_instructions has its own tests above, so can rely on it to validate
 # the object oriented API
 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class BytecodeTests(InstructionTestCase, DisTestBase):

    def test_instantiation(self):
        self.assertEqual(offsets, [0, 2])


 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class TestDisTraceback(DisTestBase):
    def setUp(self) -> None:
        try:  # We need to clean up existing tracebacks
        self.do_disassembly_compare(self.get_disassembly(tb), dis_traceback)


 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class TestDisTracebackWithFile(TestDisTraceback):
    # Run the `distb` tests again, using the file arg instead of print
    def get_disassembly(self, tb):
                                False, None, None, instr.positions)


 @force_not_colorized_test_class
 class TestDisCLI(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-01-25-15-26-23.gh-issue-144207.G2c_qd.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-01-25-15-26-23.gh-issue-144207.G2c_qd.rst
 :func:`dis.dis` supports colored output by default which can also be
 :ref:`controlled <using-on-controlling-color>` through ``NO_COLOR=1``
 environment variable. Contributed by Abduaziz Ziyodov.
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -534,6 +534,15 @@ difflib
		(Contributed by Jiahao Li in:gh:`134580`.)


		dis
		---

		*:func:`dis.dis` supports colored output by default, which can also be
		:ref:`controlled<using-on-controlling-color>` through ``NO_COLOR=1``
		environment variable.
		(Contributed by Abduaziz Ziyodov in:gh:`144207`.)


		functools
		---------

Expand Down
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -200,6 +200,88 @@ class Difflib(ThemeSection):
		reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET


		@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
		class Dis(ThemeSection):
		label_bg: str = ANSIColors.BACKGROUND_BLUE
		label_fg: str = ANSIColors.BLACK
		exception_label: str = ANSIColors.CYAN
		argument_detail: str = ANSIColors.GREY

		op_stack: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_YELLOW
Copy link Member picnixzJan 24, 2026 Choose a reason for hiding this comment The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others.Learn more. How were those categories determined? are they determined already like that in dis.rst? Copy link Author AbduazizZiyodovJan 25, 2026 Choose a reason for hiding this comment The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others.Learn more. are they determined already like that in dis.rst? Almost, I first grouped according to`dis.rst` then re-categorized them according to my understanding (how these opcodes relate, semantically) -- which might need some refinement too.
		op_load_store: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_CYAN
		op_call_return: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_MAGENTA
		op_binary_unary: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_BLUE
		op_control_flow: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_GREEN
		op_build: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_WHITE
		op_exceptions: str = ANSIColors.BOLD_RED
		op_other: str = ANSIColors.GREY

		reset: str = ANSIColors.RESET

		def color_by_opname(self, opname: str) -> str:
		if opname in (
		"POP_TOP",
		"POP_ITER",
		"END_FOR",
		"END_SEND",
		"COPY",
		"SWAP",
		"PUSH_NULL",
		"PUSH_EXC_INFO",
		"NOP",
		"CACHE",
		):
		return self.op_stack

		if opname.startswith(("LOAD_", "STORE_", "DELETE_", "IMPORT_")):
		return self.op_load_store

		if opname.startswith(("CALL", "RETURN")) or opname in (
		"YIELD_VALUE",
		"MAKE_FUNCTION",
		"SET_FUNCTION_ATTRIBUTE",
		"RESUME",
		):
		return self.op_call_return

		if opname.startswith(("BINARY_", "UNARY_")) or opname in (
		"COMPARE_OP",
		"IS_OP",
		"CONTAINS_OP",
		"GET_ITER",
		"GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER",
		"TO_BOOL",
		"DELETE_SUBSCR",
		):
		return self.op_binary_unary

		if opname.startswith(("JUMP_", "POP_JUMP_", "FOR_ITER")) or opname in (
		"SEND",
		"GET_AWAITABLE",
		"GET_AITER",
		"GET_ANEXT",
		"END_ASYNC_FOR",
Copy link Member picnixzJan 24, 2026 Choose a reason for hiding this comment The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others.Learn more. I am a bit confused with END_FOR and END_ASYNC_FOR being colored differently but I do not remember the exact effect of the latter. Copy link Author AbduazizZiyodovJan 25, 2026 Choose a reason for hiding this comment The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others.Learn more. I'veread that`END_FOR` is equivalent(or alias I would say) to`POP_TOP`: Removes the top-of-stack item. Equivalent to POP_TOP. Used to clean up at the end of loops, hence the name. and it is specified under "General instructions" section while`END_ASYNC_FOR` in "Coroutine opcodes" (I generalized this into "control flow" opcodes). Almost all opcodes are dealing with stack, but`END_ASYNC_FOR` is puttinglittle more effort than`END_FOR` which is just stack.pop(), that's why I thought`END_ASYNC_FOR` is different than`END_FOR`. That's my understanding. We might elaborate our discussion on categories in your next comment too.
		"CLEANUP_THROW",
		):
		return self.op_control_flow

		if opname.startswith(
		("BUILD_", "LIST_", "DICT_", "UNPACK_")
		) or opname in ("SET_ADD", "MAP_ADD", "SET_UPDATE"):
		return self.op_build

		if opname.startswith(("SETUP_", "CHECK_")) or opname in (
		"POP_EXCEPT",
		"RERAISE",
		"WITH_EXCEPT_START",
		"RAISE_VARARGS",
		"POP_BLOCK",
		):
		return self.op_exceptions

		return self.op_other


		@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
		class LiveProfiler(ThemeSection):
		"""Theme section for the live profiling TUI (Tachyon profiler).
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -357,6 +439,7 @@ class Theme:
		syntax: Syntax = field(default_factory=Syntax)
		traceback: Traceback = field(default_factory=Traceback)
		unittest: Unittest = field(default_factory=Unittest)
		dis: Dis = field(default_factory=Dis)

		def copy_with(
		self,
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -397,6 +480,7 @@ def no_colors(cls) -> Self:
		syntax=Syntax.no_colors(),
		traceback=Traceback.no_colors(),
		unittest=Unittest.no_colors(),
		dis=Dis.no_colors(),
		)


Expand Down
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -436,6 +436,9 @@ def __str__(self):
		formatter.print_instruction(self, False)
		return output.getvalue()

		def _get_dis_theme():
		from _colorize import get_theme
		return get_theme().dis

		class Formatter:

Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -480,6 +483,7 @@ def print_instruction(self, instr, mark_as_current=False):

		def print_instruction_line(self, instr, mark_as_current):
		"""Format instruction details for inclusion in disassembly output."""
		theme = _get_dis_theme()
		lineno_width = self.lineno_width
		offset_width = self.offset_width
		label_width = self.label_width
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -527,7 +531,7 @@ def print_instruction_line(self, instr, mark_as_current):
		else:
		fields.append(' ')
		# Column: Opcode name
		fields.append(instr.opname.ljust(_OPNAME_WIDTH))
		fields.append(f"{theme.color_by_opname(instr.opname)}{instr.opname.ljust(_OPNAME_WIDTH)}{theme.reset}")
		# Column: Opcode argument
		if instr.arg is not None:
		# If opname is longer than _OPNAME_WIDTH, we allow it to overflow into
Expand All		@@ -537,19 +541,25 @@ def print_instruction_line(self, instr, mark_as_current):
		fields.append(repr(instr.arg).rjust(_OPARG_WIDTH - opname_excess))
		# Column: Opcode argument details
		if instr.argrepr:
		fields.append('(' + instr.argrepr +')')
		fields.append(f'{theme.argument_detail}(' + instr.argrepr +f'){theme.reset}')
		print(' '.join(fields).rstrip(), file=self.file)

		def print_exception_table(self, exception_entries):
		file = self.file
		theme = _get_dis_theme()
		if exception_entries:
		print("ExceptionTable:", file=file)
		for entry in exception_entries:
		lasti = " lasti" if entry.lasti else ""
		start = entry.start_label
		end = entry.end_label
		target = entry.target_label
		print(f" L{start} to L{end} -> L{target} [{entry.depth}]{lasti}", file=file)
		print(
		f" {theme.exception_label}L{start}{theme.reset} to "
		f"{theme.exception_label}L{end}{theme.reset} "
		f"-> {theme.exception_label}L{target}{theme.reset} [{entry.depth}]{lasti}",
		file=file,
		)


		class ArgResolver:
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -833,13 +843,14 @@ def disassemble(co, lasti=-1, *, file=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False,

		def _disassemble_recursive(co, *, file=None, depth=None, show_caches=False, adaptive=False, show_offsets=False, show_positions=False):
		disassemble(co, file=file, show_caches=show_caches, adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions)
		theme = _get_dis_theme()
		if depth is None or depth > 0:
		if depth is not None:
		depth = depth - 1
		for x in co.co_consts:
		if hasattr(x, 'co_code'):
		print(file=file)
		print("Disassembly of%r:" % (x,), file=file)
		print(f"{theme.label_bg}{theme.label_fg}Disassembly of{x!r}:{theme.reset}", file=file)
		_disassemble_recursive(
		x, file=file, depth=depth, show_caches=show_caches,
		adaptive=adaptive, show_offsets=show_offsets, show_positions=show_positions
Expand Down
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
		importtypes

		fromtest.support.bytecode_helperimportAssemblerTestCase

		fromtest.supportimportforce_not_colorized

		# Tests for the code-object creation stage of the compiler.

Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ def inner():
		self.assemble_test(instructions,metadata,expected)


		@force_not_colorized
		deftest_exception_table(self):
		metadata= {
		'filename' :'exc.py',
Expand Down
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
		import textwrap
		import types
		import unittest
		from test.support import (captured_stdout,requires_debug_ranges,
		requires_specialization, cpython_only,
		os_helper, import_helper, reset_code)
		from test.support import (captured_stdout,force_not_colorized_test_class,
		requires_debug_ranges, requires_specialization,
		cpython_only,os_helper, import_helper, reset_code)
		from test.support.bytecode_helper import BytecodeTestCase


Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -992,6 +992,7 @@ def do_disassembly_compare(self, got, expected):
		self.assertEqual(got, expected)


		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class DisTests(DisTestBase):

		maxDiff = None
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -1468,6 +1469,7 @@ def f():
		self.assertEqual(assem_op, assem_cache)


		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class DisWithFileTests(DisTests):

		# Run the tests again, using the file arg instead of print
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -1990,6 +1992,7 @@ def assertInstructionsEqual(self, instrs_1, instrs_2, /):
		instrs_2 = [instr_2._replace(positions=None, cache_info=None) for instr_2 in instrs_2]
		self.assertEqual(instrs_1, instrs_2)

		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class InstructionTests(InstructionTestCase):

		def __init__(self, *args):
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -2311,6 +2314,7 @@ def test_cache_offset_and_end_offset(self):

		# get_instructions has its own tests above, so can rely on it to validate
		# the object oriented API
		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class BytecodeTests(InstructionTestCase, DisTestBase):

		def test_instantiation(self):
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -2442,6 +2446,7 @@ def func():
		self.assertEqual(offsets, [0, 2])


		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class TestDisTraceback(DisTestBase):
		def setUp(self) -> None:
		try: # We need to clean up existing tracebacks
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -2479,6 +2484,7 @@ def test_distb_explicit_arg(self):
		self.do_disassembly_compare(self.get_disassembly(tb), dis_traceback)


		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class TestDisTracebackWithFile(TestDisTraceback):
		# Run the `distb` tests again, using the file arg instead of print
		def get_disassembly(self, tb):
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -2513,6 +2519,7 @@ def _unroll_caches_as_Instructions(instrs, show_caches=False):
		False, None, None, instr.positions)


		@force_not_colorized_test_class
		class TestDisCLI(unittest.TestCase):

		def setUp(self):
Expand Down
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
		@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
		:func:`dis.dis` supports colored output by default which can also be
		:ref:`controlled <using-on-controlling-color>` through ``NO_COLOR=1``
		environment variable. Contributed by Abduaziz Ziyodov.