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GC performance regression in free threaded build #132917

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@gptsarthak

Description

@gptsarthak

Bug report

Bug description:

I've identified a significant performance regression when using Python's free-threaded mode with shared list appends. In my test case, simply appending to a shared list causes a 10-15x performance decrease compared to normal Python operation.

Test Case:

importitertoolsimporttimedefperformance_test(n_options=5,n_items=5,iterations=50):list= []defexpensive_operation():# Create lists of tuplesdata= []for_inrange(n_options):data.append([(f"a{i}",f"b{i}")foriinrange(n_items)])# Generate all combinations and create result tuplesresults= []forcomboinitertools.product(*data):result=tuple((x[0],x[1],f"name_{i}")fori,xinenumerate(combo))results.append(result)# Commenting the following line solves the performance regression in free-threaded modelist.append(results)returnresultsstart=time.time()for_inrange(iterations):result=expensive_operation()duration=time.time()-startprint(f"n_options={n_options}, n_items={n_items}, iterations={iterations}")print(f"Time:{duration:.4f}s, Combinations:{len(result)}")returndurationif__name__=="__main__":print("Python Performance Regression Test")print("-"*40)performance_test()

Results:

  • Standard Python3.13: 0.1290s
  • Free-threaded Python3.13t: 2.1643s
  • Free-threaded Python 3.14.0a7: 2.1923s
  • Free-threaded Python3.13t with list.append commented out: 0.1332s

The regression appears to be caused by contention on the per-list locks and reference count fields when appending to a shared list in free-threaded mode.

CPython versions tested on:

3.14

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

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