Feature or enhancement

Modernise some Python anachronisms inTools/clinic/, to make the code more readable and maintainable. Some things that can be easily done:

• Usedict instead ofOrderedDict (gh-104683: Argument clinic: usedict overOrderedDict #104647)

• Simplify code like this by using thestr.removesuffix andstr.removeprefix methods, both new in Python 3.9:
  

  cpython/Tools/clinic/clinic.py

  Lines 2572 to 2575 in06eeee9

  	name=f.__name__
  	ifnotname.endswith('_converter'):
  	returnf
  	name=name[:-len('_converter')]

  (gh-104683: Moderniseclinic.py usingstr.removeprefix andstr.removesuffix #104685)

• Pyupgrade (run using the--py310-plus setting) also finds various things that can be modernised (gh-104683: ModerniseTools/clinic/ using pyupgrade #104684)

• Refactor CLanguage.output_templates (seeModernise code inTools/clinic/ #104683 (comment))

• Put templating in a separate .py file, kind of like Tools/clinic/cpp.py

• Rework Argument Clinic error handling #107468

• Restructure Argument Clinic CLI #107467

Cc.@erlend-aasland

Linked PRs

• gh-104683: Argument clinic: usedict overOrderedDict #104647
• gh-104683: ModerniseTools/clinic/ using pyupgrade #104684
• gh-104683: Moderniseclinic.py usingstr.removeprefix andstr.removesuffix #104685
• gh-104683: clinic.py: Moderniseparse_converter() using pattern-matching #104696
• gh-104683:clinic.py: Improve coverage for theparse_converter method #104729
• [3.11] gh-104683:clinic.py: Improve coverage for theparse_converter method (#104729) #104730
• gh-104683: Modernise Argument Clinic parameter state machine #106362
• gh-104683: Rename clinic.test => clinic.test.c #106443
• [3.12] gh-104683: Rename Lib/test/clinic.test as Lib/test/clinic.test.c (GH-106443) #106444
• [3.11] gh-104683: Rename Lib/test/clinic.test as Lib/test/clinic.test.c (GH-106443) #106445
• gh-104683: clinic.py: refactor four simple classes as dataclasses #106476
• gh-104683: clinic.py: refactorParameter andFunction as dataclasses #106477
• gh-104683: clinic.py: Don't needlessly reimplementcontextlib.redirect_stdout #106478
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: Minor readability improvements forDestination.__init__ #106652
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: modernisecpp.Monitor #106698
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: use an enum to describe the different kinds of functions #106721
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Modernise parse_special_symbol() #106837
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Make most arguments toClass andFunction required #107289
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: cleanupstate_modulename_name() #107340
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: passclinic as a parameter where possible #107435
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: Make thefilename parameter toClinic required #107439
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: remove theLandMine class #107541
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: cleanupDLSParserstate_foo methods #107543
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Refactor and simplify 'add docstring' states #107550
• gh-104683: Rework Argument Clinic error handling #107551
• gh-104683: Make Argument Clinic template strings class level members #107556
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: refactor format_docstring() #107623
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: remove some unnecessary uses ofself.next() in the DSLParser #107635
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Use CConverter.length_name where possible #107638
• gh-104683: Improve consistency and test coverage of argument-clinic__repr__ functions #107667
• gh-104683: Add --exclude option to Argument Clinic CLI #107770
• gh-104683: Remove unused variables fromTools/clinic and tests forTools/clinic #107771
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Params now render their own docstrings #107790
• gh-104683: Argument clinic: makeformat_docstring() a method onFunction objects #107840
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Extract parse_function_names() helper #107964
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Remove unreachable code from _module_and_class() #108092
• gh-104683: Argument Clinic: Refactor the module and class resolver #108552