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Python wheels are great. Building them acrossMac, Linux, Windows, onmultiple versions of Python, is not.

cibuildwheel is here to help.cibuildwheel runs on your CI server - currently it supports GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, and GitLab CI - and it builds and tests your wheels across all of your platforms.

While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support the last three releases), it can target the following versions to build wheels:

^{¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.
² Windows arm64 support is experimental.
³ Free-threaded mode requires opt-in on 3.13 usingenable.
⁴ Experimental, not yet supported on PyPI, but can be used directly in web deployment. Use--platform pyodide to build.
⁵ manylinux armv7l support is experimental. As there are no RHEL based image for this architecture, it's using an Ubuntu based image instead.}

• Builds manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels for CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy
• Works on GitHub Actions, Azure Pipelines, Travis CI, CircleCI, GitLab CI, and Cirrus CI
• Bundles shared library dependencies on Linux and macOS throughauditwheel anddelocate
• Runs your library's tests against the wheel-installed version of your library

See thecibuildwheel 1 documentation if you need to build unsupported versions of Python, such as Python 2.

cibuildwheel runs inside a CI service. Supported platforms depend on which service you're using:

^{¹Requires emulation, distributed separately. Other services may also support Linux ARM through emulation or third-party build hosts, but these are not tested in our CI.
²Uses cross-compilation. It is not possible to testarm64 on this CI platform.
³ Requires a macOS runner; runs tests on the simulator for the runner's architecture.
⁴ Building for Android requires the runner to be Linux x86_64, macOS ARM64 or macOS x86_64. Testing hasadditional requirements.}

To build manylinux, musllinux, macOS, and Windows wheels on GitHub Actions, you could use this.github/workflows/wheels.yml:

name:Buildon:[push, pull_request]jobs:build_wheels:name:Build wheels on ${{ matrix.os }}runs-on:${{ matrix.os }}strategy:matrix:os:[ubuntu-latest, ubuntu-24.04-arm, windows-latest, windows-11-arm, macos-15-intel, macos-latest]steps:      -uses:actions/checkout@v5# Used to host cibuildwheel      -uses:actions/setup-python@v5      -name:Install cibuildwheelrun:python -m pip install cibuildwheel==3.3.0      -name:Build wheelsrun:python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse# to supply options, put them in 'env', like:# env:#   CIBW_SOME_OPTION: value#   ...      -uses:actions/upload-artifact@v4with:name:cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}path:./wheelhouse/*.whl

For more information, including PyPI deployment, and the use of other CI services or the dedicated GitHub Action, check out thedocumentation and theexamples.

The following diagram summarises the steps that cibuildwheel takes on each platform.

^{Explore an interactive version of this diagramin the docs.}

These options can be specified in a pyproject.toml file, or as environment variables, seeconfiguration docs.

Here are some repos that use cibuildwheel.

Name	CI	OS	Notes
scikit-learn			The machine learning library. A complex but clean config using many of cibuildwheel's features to build a large project with Cython and C++ extensions.
duckdb			DuckDB is an analytical in-process SQL database management system
pytorch-fairseq			Facebook AI Research Sequence-to-Sequence Toolkit written in Python.
NumPy			The fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
Tornado			Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. Uses stable ABI for a small C extension.
NCNN			ncnn is a high-performance neural network inference framework optimized for the mobile platform
Matplotlib			The venerable Matplotlib, a Python library with C++ portions
MyPy			The compiled version of MyPy using MyPyC.
Prophet			Tool for producing high quality forecasts for time series data that has multiple seasonality with linear or non-linear growth.
Kivy			Open source UI framework written in Python, running on Windows, Linux, macOS, Android and iOS

ℹ️ That's just a handful, there are many more! Check out theWorking Examples page in the docs.

Sincecibuildwheel repairs the wheel withdelocate orauditwheel, it might automatically bundle dynamically linked libraries from the build machine.

It helps ensure that the library can run without any dependencies outside of the pip toolchain.

This is similar to static linking, so it might have some license implications. Check the license for any code you're pulling in to make sure that's allowed.

12 November 2025

• 🐛 Fix an incompatibility with Docker v29 (#2660)
• ✨ Addstest-runtime option, to customise how tests on simulated/emulated environments are run (#2636)
• ✨ Adds support for newmanylinux_2_35 images on 32-bit ARMarmv7l, offering better C++20 compatibility (#2656)
• ✨build[uv] is now supported on Android (#2587)
• ✨ You can now install extras (such asuv) with a simple option on the GitHub Action (#2630)
• ✨{project} and{package} placeholders are now supported inrepair-wheel-command (#2589)
• 🛠 The versions set withdependency-versions no longer constrain packages specified by yourbuild-system.requires. Previously, on platforms other than Linux, the constraints in this option would remain in the environment during the build. This has been tidied up make behaviour more consistent between platforms, and to prevent version conflicts. (#2583)
• 🛠 Improve the handling oftest-command on Android, enabling more options to be passed (#2590)
• 📚 Docs improvements (#2618)

12 October 2025

• 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0 final (#2614)
• 🐛 Fix the default MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET on Python 3.14 (#2613)
• 📚 Docs improvements (#2617)

22 September 2025

• ✨ Adds GraalPy v25 (Python 3.12) support (#2597)
• 🛠 Update to CPython 3.14.0rc3 (#2602)
• 🛠 Adds CPython 3.14.0 prerelease support for Android, and a number of improvements to Android builds (#2568, #2591)
• 🛠 Improvements to testing on Android, passing environment markers when installing the venv, and providing more debug output when build-verbosity is set (#2575)
• ⚠️ PyPy 3.10 was moved topypy-eol in theenable option, as it is now end-of-life. (#2521)
• 📚 Docs improvements (#2574, #2601, #2598)

19 August 2025

• ✨ Add a--clean-cache command to clean up our cache (#2489)
• 🛠 Update Python to 3.14rc2 and other patch version bumps (#2542, #2556)
• 🛠 Update Pyodide to 0.28.2 (#2562, #2558)
• 🐛 Fix resolution withpyodide-build whendependency-versions is set (#2548)
• 🐛 SetCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE toBOTH on Android (#2547)
• 🐛 Addpatchelf dependency for platforms that can build Android wheels (#2552)
• 🐛 Ignore empty values forCIBW_ARCHS like most other environment variables (#2541)
• 💼 Thecolor andsuggest_on_error argparse options are now default in 3.14rc1+ (#2554)
• 💼 Use the virtualenv release URL instead of blob URL (should be more robust) (#2555)
• 🧪 For iOS, lowering to macos-14 is needed for now due to issues with GitHub's runner images (#2557)
• 🧪 Split out platforms iOS and Android in our tests (#2519)
• 🧪 Fix and enable doctests (#2546)
• 📚 Improve our docs on free-threading (#2549)

1 August 2025

• 🐛 Fix bug where "latest" dependencies couldn't update to pip 25.2 on Windows (#2537)
• 🧪 Use pytest-rerunfailures to improve some of our iOS/Android tests (#2527, #2539)
• 🧪 Remove some GraalPy Windows workarounds in our tests (#2501)

That's the last few versions.

ℹ️Want more changelog? Head over tothe changelog page in the docs.

For more info on how to contribute to cibuildwheel, see thedocs.

Everyone interacting with the cibuildwheel project via codebase, issue tracker, chat rooms, or otherwise is expected to follow thePSF Code of Conduct.

Core:

• Joe Rickerby@joerick
• Yannick Jadoul@YannickJadoul
• Matthieu Darbois@mayeut
• Henry Schreiner@henryiii
• Grzegorz Bokota@Czaki

Platform maintainers:

• Russell Keith-Magee@freakboy3742 (iOS)
• Agriya Khetarpal@agriyakhetarpal (Pyodide)
• Hood Chatham@hoodmane (Pyodide)
• Gyeongjae Choi@ryanking13 (Pyodide)
• Tim Felgentreff@timfel (GraalPy)
• Malcolm Smith@mhsmith (Android)

cibuildwheel stands on the shoulders of giants.

• ⭐️ @matthew-brett formultibuild andmatthew-brett/delocate
• @PyPA for the manylinux Docker imagespypa/manylinux
• @ogrisel forwheelhouse-uploader andrun_with_env.cmd

Massive props also to-

• @zfrenchee forhelp debugging many issues
• @lelit for some great bug reports andcontributions
• @mayeut for aphenomenal PR patching Python itself for better compatibility!
• @czaki for being a super-contributor over many PRs and helping out with countless issues!
• @mattip for his help with adding PyPy support to cibuildwheel

Another very similar tool to consider ismatthew-brett/multibuild.multibuild is a shell script toolbox for building a wheel on various platforms. It is used as a basis to build some of the big data science tools, like SciPy.

If you are building Rust wheels, you can get by without some of the tricks required to make GLIBC work via manylinux; this is especially relevant for cross-compiling, which is easy with Rust. Seematurin-action for a tool that is optimized for building Rust wheels and cross-compiling.