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Commitbec98a3

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Revise aggregate functions per earlier discussions in pghackers.
There's now only one transition value and transition function.NULL handling in aggregates is a lot cleaner. Also, use Numericaccumulators instead of integer accumulators for sum/avg on integerdatatypes --- this avoids overflow at the cost of being a little slower.Implement VARIANCE() and STDDEV() aggregates in the standard backend.Also, enable new LIKE selectivity estimators by default. Unrelatedchange, but as long as I had to force initdb anyway...
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‎doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml

Lines changed: 7 additions & 11 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
11
.\" This is -*-nroff-*-
22
.\" XXX standard disclaimer belongs here....
3-
.\" $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml,v 2.6 2000/06/09 01:43:56 momjian Exp $
3+
.\" $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml,v 2.7 2000/07/17 03:04:40 tgl Exp $
44
.TH "SYSTEM CATALOGS" INTRO 03/13/94 PostgreSQL PostgreSQL
55
.SH "Section 7 - System Catalogs"
66
.deLS
@@ -91,20 +91,16 @@ The following catalogs relate to the class/type system.
9191
* see DEFINE AGGREGATE for an explanation of transition functions
9292
*/
9393
pg_aggregate
94-
NameDataaggname/* aggregate name (e.g., "count") */
94+
NameData aggname/* aggregate name (e.g., "count") */
9595
oid aggowner/* usesysid of creator */
96-
regproc aggtransfn1/* first transition function */
97-
regproc aggtransfn2/* second transition function */
96+
regproc aggtransfn/* transition function */
9897
regproc aggfinalfn/* final function */
9998
oid aggbasetype/* type of data on which aggregate
10099
operates */
101-
oid aggtranstype1/* type returned by aggtransfn1 */
102-
oid aggtranstype2/* type returned by aggtransfn2 */
103-
oid aggfinaltype/* type returned by aggfinalfn */
104-
text agginitval1/* external format of initial
105-
(starting) value of aggtransfn1 */
106-
text agginitval2/* external format of initial
107-
(starting) value of aggtransfn2 */
100+
oid aggtranstype/* type of aggregate's transition
101+
(state) data */
102+
oid aggfinaltype/* type of aggregate's final result */
103+
text agginitval/* external format of initial state value */
108104
.fi
109105
.nfM
110106
pg_am

‎doc/src/sgml/ref/create_aggregate.sgml

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Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
11
<!--
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$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_aggregate.sgml,v 1.9 2000/03/31 14:57:05 tgl Exp $
2+
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_aggregate.sgml,v 1.10 2000/07/17 03:04:41 tgl Exp $
33
Postgres documentation
44
-->
55

@@ -21,20 +21,18 @@ Postgres documentation
2121
</refnamediv>
2222
<refsynopsisdiv>
2323
<refsynopsisdivinfo>
24-
<date>1999-07-20</date>
24+
<date>2000-07-16</date>
2525
</refsynopsisdivinfo>
2626
<synopsis>
27-
CREATE AGGREGATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> ( BASETYPE = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">input_data_type</replaceable>
28-
[ , SFUNC1 = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable>, STYPE1 = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state1_type</replaceable> ]
29-
[ , SFUNC2 = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable>, STYPE2 = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state2_type</replaceable> ]
27+
CREATE AGGREGATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> ( BASETYPE = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">input_data_type</replaceable>,
28+
SFUNC = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc</replaceable>, STYPE = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>
3029
[ , FINALFUNC = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable> ]
31-
[ , INITCOND1 = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">initial_condition1</replaceable> ]
32-
[ , INITCOND2 = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">initial_condition2</replaceable> ] )
30+
[ , INITCOND = <replaceable class="PARAMETER">initial_condition</replaceable> ] )
3331
</synopsis>
3432

3533
<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE-1">
3634
<refsect2info>
37-
<date>1998-09-09</date>
35+
<date>2000-07-16</date>
3836
</refsect2info>
3937
<title>
4038
Inputs
@@ -55,57 +53,39 @@ CREATE AGGREGATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> ( BASETYPE =
5553
<listitem>
5654
<para>
5755
The input data type on which this aggregate function operates.
56+
This can be specified as ANY for an aggregate that does not
57+
examine its input values
58+
(an example is <function>count(*)</function>).
5859
</para>
5960
</listitem>
6061
</varlistentry>
6162

6263
<varlistentry>
63-
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable></term>
64+
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc</replaceable></term>
6465
<listitem>
6566
<para>
66-
A state transition function
67-
to be called forevery non-NULL input data value.
68-
Thismust be a function of two arguments, the first being of
69-
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state1_type</replaceable>
67+
The name of the state transition function
68+
to be called foreach input data value.
69+
Thisis normally a function of two arguments, the first being of
70+
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>
7071
and the second of
7172
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">input_data_type</replaceable>.
72-
The function must return a value of
73-
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state1_type</replaceable>.
74-
This function takes the current state value 1 and the current
75-
input data item, and returns the next state value 1.
76-
</para>
77-
</listitem>
78-
</varlistentry>
79-
80-
<varlistentry>
81-
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">state1_type</replaceable></term>
82-
<listitem>
83-
<para>
84-
The data type for the first state value of the aggregate.
85-
</para>
86-
</listitem>
87-
</varlistentry>
88-
89-
<varlistentry>
90-
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable></term>
91-
<listitem>
92-
<para>
93-
A state transition function
94-
to be called for every non-NULL input data value.
95-
This must be a function of one argument of
96-
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state2_type</replaceable>,
97-
returning a value of the same type.
98-
This function takes the current state value 2 and
99-
returns the next state value 2.
73+
Alternatively, for an aggregate that does not examine its input
74+
values, the function takes just one argument of
75+
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>.
76+
In either case the function must return a value of
77+
type <replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>.
78+
This function takes the current state value and the current
79+
input data item, and returns the next state value.
10080
</para>
10181
</listitem>
10282
</varlistentry>
10383

10484
<varlistentry>
105-
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">state2_type</replaceable></term>
85+
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable></term>
10686
<listitem>
10787
<para>
108-
The data type for thesecond state value of the aggregate.
88+
The data type for theaggregate's state value.
10989
</para>
11090
</listitem>
11191
</varlistentry>
@@ -114,35 +94,28 @@ CREATE AGGREGATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> ( BASETYPE =
11494
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable></term>
11595
<listitem>
11696
<para>
117-
The final function called to compute the aggregate's result
118-
after all input data has been traversed.
119-
If both state values are used, the final function must
120-
take two arguments of types
121-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">state1_type</replaceable>
122-
and
123-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">state2_type</replaceable>.
124-
If only one state value is used, the final function must
125-
take a single argument of that state value's type.
97+
The name of the final function called to compute the aggregate's
98+
result after all input data has been traversed. The function
99+
must take a single argument of type
100+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>.
126101
The output datatype of the aggregate is defined as the return
127102
type of this function.
103+
If <replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable>
104+
is not specified, then the ending state value is used as the
105+
aggregate's result, and the output type is
106+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>.
128107
</para>
129108
</listitem>
130109
</varlistentry>
131110

132111
<varlistentry>
133-
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">initial_condition1</replaceable></term>
112+
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">initial_condition</replaceable></term>
134113
<listitem>
135114
<para>
136-
The initial value for state value 1.
137-
</para>
138-
</listitem>
139-
</varlistentry>
140-
141-
<varlistentry>
142-
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">initial_condition2</replaceable></term>
143-
<listitem>
144-
<para>
145-
The initial value for state value 2.
115+
The initial setting for the state value. This must be a literal
116+
constant in the form accepted for the datatype
117+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>.
118+
If not specified, the state value starts out NULL.
146119
</para>
147120
</listitem>
148121
</varlistentry>
@@ -177,7 +150,7 @@ CREATE
177150

178151
<refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE-1">
179152
<refsect1info>
180-
<date>1998-09-09</date>
153+
<date>2000-07-16</date>
181154
</refsect1info>
182155
<title>
183156
Description
@@ -199,65 +172,76 @@ CREATE
199172
of the same name and input data type as an aggregate.
200173
</para>
201174
<para>
202-
An aggregatefunction is made frombetweenoneand three ordinary
175+
An aggregate function is made from oneor two ordinary
203176
functions:
204-
two state transition functions,
205-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable>
206-
and <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable>,
207-
and a final calculation function,
177+
a state transition function
178+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc</replaceable>,
179+
and an optional final calculation function
208180
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable>.
209181
These are used as follows:
210182
<programlisting>
211-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable>( internal-state1, next-data-item ) ---> next-internal-state1
212-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable>( internal-state2 ) ---> next-internal-state2
213-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable>(internal-state1, internal-state2) ---> aggregate-value
183+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc</replaceable>( internal-state, next-data-item ) ---> next-internal-state
184+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable>( internal-state ) ---> aggregate-value
214185
</programlisting>
215186
</para>
216187
<para>
217-
<productname>Postgres</productname> createsone or twotemporaryvariables
218-
(of datatypes <replaceable class="PARAMETER">stype1</replaceable> and/or
219-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">stype2</replaceable>)to hold the
220-
current internal states of the aggregate. At each inputdata item,
221-
the state transition function(s) are invoked to calculatenew values
222-
for theinternal statevalues. After all the data has been processed,
188+
<productname>Postgres</productname> createsatemporaryvariable
189+
of datatype <replaceable class="PARAMETER">stype</replaceable>
190+
to hold the current internal state of the aggregate. At each input
191+
data item,
192+
the state transition function is invoked to calculatea new
193+
internal statevalue. After all the data has been processed,
223194
the final function is invoked once to calculate the aggregate's output
224-
value.
195+
value. If there is no final function then the ending state value
196+
is returned as-is.
225197
</para>
198+
226199
<para>
227-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable> must be specified if
228-
both transition functions are specified. If only one transition function
229-
is used, then <replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable> is
230-
optional. The default behavior when
231-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable> is not provided is
232-
to return the ending value of the internal state value being used
233-
(and, therefore, the aggregate's output type is the same as that
234-
state value's type).
235-
</para>
200+
An aggregate function may provide an initial condition,
201+
that is, an initial value for the internal state value.
202+
This is specified and stored in the database as a field of type
203+
<type>text</type>, but it must be a valid external representation
204+
of a constant of the state value datatype. If it is not supplied
205+
then the state value starts out NULL.
206+
</para>
236207

237-
<para>
238-
An aggregate function may also provide one or two initial conditions,
239-
that is, initial values for the internal state values being used.
240-
These are specified and stored in the database as fields of type
241-
<type>text</type>, but they must be valid external representations
242-
of constants of the state value datatypes. If
243-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable> is specified
244-
without an <replaceable class="PARAMETER">initcond1</replaceable> value,
245-
then the system does not call
246-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable>
247-
at the first input item; instead, the internal state value 1 is
248-
initialized with the first input value, and
249-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable> is called beginning
250-
at the second input item. This is useful for aggregates like MIN and
251-
MAX. Note that an aggregate using this feature will return NULL when
252-
called with no input values. There is no comparable provision for
253-
state value 2; if <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable> is
254-
specified then an <replaceable class="PARAMETER">initcond2</replaceable> is
255-
required.
208+
<para>
209+
If the state transition function is declared "strict" in pg_proc,
210+
then it cannot be called with NULL inputs. With such a transition
211+
function, aggregate execution behaves as follows. NULL input values
212+
are ignored (the function is not called and the previous state value
213+
is retained). If the initial state value is NULL, then the first
214+
non-NULL input value replaces the state value, and the transition
215+
function is invoked beginning with the second non-NULL input value.
216+
This is handy for implementing aggregates like <function>max</function>.
217+
Note that this behavior is only available when
218+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">state_type</replaceable>
219+
is the same as
220+
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">input_data_type</replaceable>.
221+
When these types are different, you must supply a non-NULL initial
222+
condition or use a non-strict transition function.
223+
</para>
224+
225+
<para>
226+
If the state transition function is not strict, then it will be called
227+
unconditionally at each input value, and must deal with NULL inputs
228+
and NULL transition values for itself. This allows the aggregate
229+
author to have full control over the aggregate's handling of NULLs.
230+
</para>
231+
232+
<para>
233+
If the final function is declared "strict", then it will not
234+
be called when the ending state value is NULL; instead a NULL result
235+
will be output automatically. (Of course this is just the normal
236+
behavior of strict functions.) In any case the final function has
237+
the option of returning NULL. For example, the final function for
238+
<function>avg</function> returns NULL when it sees there were zero
239+
input tuples.
256240
</para>
257241

258242
<refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEAGGREGATE-3">
259243
<refsect2info>
260-
<date>1998-09-09</date>
244+
<date>2000-07-16</date>
261245
</refsect2info>
262246
<title>
263247
Notes
@@ -272,29 +256,6 @@ CREATE
272256
in any order, not just the order illustrated above.
273257
</para>
274258

275-
<para>
276-
It is possible to specify aggregate functions
277-
that have varying combinations of state and final functions.
278-
For example, the <function>count</function> aggregate requires
279-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable>
280-
(an incrementing function) but not
281-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable> or
282-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable>,
283-
whereas the <function>sum</function> aggregate requires
284-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc1</replaceable> (an addition
285-
function) but not <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable> or
286-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable>, and the
287-
<function>avg</function>
288-
aggregate requires
289-
both state functions as
290-
well as a <replaceable class="PARAMETER">ffunc</replaceable> (a division
291-
function) to produce its
292-
answer. In any case, at least one state function must be
293-
defined, and any <replaceable class="PARAMETER">sfunc2</replaceable> must
294-
have a corresponding
295-
<replaceable class="PARAMETER">initcond2</replaceable>.
296-
</para>
297-
298259
</refsect2>
299260
</refsect1>
300261

‎doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_aggregate.sgml

Lines changed: 3 additions & 3 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
11
<!--
2-
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_aggregate.sgml,v 1.7 2000/05/18 14:24:32 momjian Exp $
2+
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_aggregate.sgml,v 1.8 2000/07/17 03:04:41 tgl Exp $
33
Postgres documentation
44
-->
55

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ DROP AGGREGATE <replaceable class="PARAMETER">name</replaceable> <replaceable cl
4949
<para>
5050
The type of an existing aggregate function.
5151
(Refer to the <citetitle>PostgreSQL User's Guide</citetitle> for
52-
further information about data types).
52+
further information about data types.)
5353
<comment>This should become a cross-reference rather than a
5454
hard-coded chapter number</comment>
5555
</para>
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ DROP
8080
</varlistentry>
8181
<varlistentry>
8282
<term><computeroutput>
83-
NOTICE RemoveAggregate: aggregate '<replaceable class="parameter">agg</replaceable>' for '<replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable>' does not exist
83+
ERROR: RemoveAggregate: aggregate '<replaceable class="parameter">agg</replaceable>' for '<replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable>' does not exist
8484
</computeroutput></term>
8585
<listitem>
8686
<para>

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