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Commitbb3cce4

Browse files
committed
Add E'' syntax so eventually normal strings can treat backslashes
literally.Add GUC variables: "escape_string_warning" - warn about backslashes in non-E strings "escape_string_syntax" - supports E'' syntax? "standard_compliant_strings" - treats backslashes literally in ''Update code to use E'' when escapes are used.
1 parentc96375a commitbb3cce4

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30 files changed

+242
-90
lines changed

30 files changed

+242
-90
lines changed

‎contrib/tsearch2/expected/tsearch2.out‎

Lines changed: 15 additions & 15 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -47,37 +47,37 @@ SELECT '1 2'::tsvector;
4747
'1' '2'
4848
(1 row)
4949

50-
SELECT '\'1 2\''::tsvector;
50+
SELECT '''1 2'''::tsvector;
5151
tsvector
5252
----------
5353
'1 2'
5454
(1 row)
5555

56-
SELECT'\'1 \\\'2\''::tsvector;
56+
SELECTE'''1 \\''2'''::tsvector;
5757
tsvector
5858
----------
5959
'1 \'2'
6060
(1 row)
6161

62-
SELECT'\'1 \\\'2\'3'::tsvector;
62+
SELECTE'''1 \\''2''3'::tsvector;
6363
tsvector
6464
-------------
6565
'3' '1 \'2'
6666
(1 row)
6767

68-
SELECT'\'1 \\\'2\' 3'::tsvector;
68+
SELECTE'''1 \\''2'' 3'::tsvector;
6969
tsvector
7070
-------------
7171
'3' '1 \'2'
7272
(1 row)
7373

74-
SELECT'\'1 \\\'2\' \' 3\' 4 '::tsvector;
74+
SELECTE'''1 \\''2'' '' 3'' 4 '::tsvector;
7575
tsvector
7676
------------------
7777
'4' ' 3' '1 \'2'
7878
(1 row)
7979

80-
select '\'w\':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8';
80+
select '''w'':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8';
8181
?column?
8282
-----------------------
8383
'w':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8
@@ -126,13 +126,13 @@ SELECT ' 1 '::tsquery;
126126
'1'
127127
(1 row)
128128

129-
SELECT '\'1 2\''::tsquery;
129+
SELECT '''1 2'''::tsquery;
130130
tsquery
131131
---------
132132
'1 2'
133133
(1 row)
134134

135-
SELECT'\'1 \\\'2\''::tsquery;
135+
SELECTE'''1 \\''2'''::tsquery;
136136
tsquery
137137
---------
138138
'1 \'2'
@@ -330,13 +330,13 @@ SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5|!6)))'::tsquery;
330330
'1' & '2' & '4' & ( '5' | !'6' )
331331
(1 row)
332332

333-
SELECT '1&(\'2\'&(\' 4\'&(\\|5 |\'6 \\\' !|&\')))'::tsquery;
333+
SELECTE'1&(''2''&('' 4''&(\\|5 |''6 \\'' !|&'')))'::tsquery;
334334
tsquery
335335
------------------------------------------
336336
'1' & '2' & ' 4' & ( '|5' | '6 \' !|&' )
337337
(1 row)
338338

339-
SELECT '\'the wether\':dc &\' sKies\':BC & a:d b:a';
339+
SELECT '''the wether'':dc &'' sKies'':BC & a:d b:a';
340340
?column?
341341
------------------------------------------
342342
'the wether':dc & ' sKies ':BC & a:d b:a
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ select * from token_type('default');
382382
23 | entity | HTML Entity
383383
(23 rows)
384384

385-
select * from parse('default', '345 qwe@efd.r\' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
385+
select * from parse('default', '345 qwe@efd.r'' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
386386
/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
387387
<i <b> wow < jqw <> qwerty');
388388
tokid | token
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ select * from parse('default', '345 qwe@efd.r \' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc
529529
1 | qwerty
530530
(138 rows)
531531

532-
SELECT to_tsvector('default', '345 qwe@efd.r\' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
532+
SELECT to_tsvector('default', '345 qwe@efd.r'' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
533533
/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
534534
<i <b> wow < jqw <> qwerty');
535535
to_tsvector
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ SELECT length(to_tsvector('default', '345 qw'));
543543
2
544544
(1 row)
545545

546-
SELECT length(to_tsvector('default', '345 qwe@efd.r\' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
546+
SELECT length(to_tsvector('default', '345 qwe@efd.r'' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
547547
/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
548548
<i <b> wow < jqw <> qwerty'));
549549
length
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ select to_tsquery('simple', 'qwe & sKies ');
563563
'qwe' & 'skies'
564564
(1 row)
565565

566-
select to_tsquery('default', '\'the wether\':dc &\' sKies\':BC ');
566+
select to_tsquery('default', '''the wether'':dc &'' sKies'':BC ');
567567
to_tsquery
568568
------------------------
569569
'wether':CD & 'sky':BC
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ SELECT count(*) FROM test_tsvector WHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
729729
(1 row)
730730

731731
drop trigger tsvectorupdate on test_tsvector;
732-
create function wow(text) returns text as 'select $1 ||\' copyright\'; ' language sql;
732+
create function wow(text) returns text as 'select $1 ||'' copyright''; ' language sql;
733733
create trigger tsvectorupdate before update or insert on test_tsvector
734734
for each row execute procedure tsearch2(a, wow, t);
735735
insert into test_tsvector (t) values ('345 qwerty');

‎contrib/tsearch2/sql/tsearch2.sql‎

Lines changed: 15 additions & 15 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ SELECT '1 '::tsvector;
1212
SELECT' 1'::tsvector;
1313
SELECT' 1'::tsvector;
1414
SELECT'1 2'::tsvector;
15-
SELECT'\'1 2\''::tsvector;
16-
SELECT'\'1\\\'2\''::tsvector;
17-
SELECT'\'1\\\'2\'3'::tsvector;
18-
SELECT'\'1\\\'2\' 3'::tsvector;
19-
SELECT'\'1\\\'2\'\' 3\' 4'::tsvector;
20-
select'\'w\':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8';
15+
SELECT'''1 2'''::tsvector;
16+
SELECTE'''1\\''2'''::tsvector;
17+
SELECTE'''1\\''2''3'::tsvector;
18+
SELECTE'''1\\''2'' 3'::tsvector;
19+
SELECTE'''1\\''2'''' 3'' 4'::tsvector;
20+
select'''w'':4A,3B,2C,1D,5 a:8';
2121
select'a:3A b:2a'::tsvector||'ba:1234 a:1B';
2222
select setweight('w:12B w:13* w:12,5,6 a:1,3* a:3 w asd:1dc asd zxc:81,567,222A'::tsvector,'c');
2323
select strip('w:12B w:13* w:12,5,6 a:1,3* a:3 w asd:1dc asd'::tsvector);
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ SELECT '1'::tsquery;
2828
SELECT'1'::tsquery;
2929
SELECT' 1'::tsquery;
3030
SELECT' 1'::tsquery;
31-
SELECT'\'1 2\''::tsquery;
32-
SELECT'\'1\\\'2\''::tsquery;
31+
SELECT'''1 2'''::tsquery;
32+
SELECTE'''1\\''2'''::tsquery;
3333
SELECT'!1'::tsquery;
3434
SELECT'1|2'::tsquery;
3535
SELECT'1|!2'::tsquery;
@@ -62,31 +62,31 @@ SELECT '1&(2&(4&(5&6)))'::tsquery;
6262
SELECT'1&2&4&5&6'::tsquery;
6363
SELECT'1&(2&(4&(5|6)))'::tsquery;
6464
SELECT'1&(2&(4&(5|!6)))'::tsquery;
65-
SELECT'1&(\'2\'&(\' 4\'&(\\|5 |\'6\\\' !|&\')))'::tsquery;
66-
SELECT'\'the wether\':dc &\' sKies\':BC & a:d b:a';
65+
SELECTE'1&(''2''&('' 4''&(\\|5 |''6\\'' !|&'')))'::tsquery;
66+
SELECT'''the wether'':dc &'' sKies'':BC & a:d b:a';
6767

6868
select lexize('simple','ASD56 hsdkf');
6969
select lexize('en_stem','SKIES Problems identity');
7070

7171
select*from token_type('default');
72-
select*from parse('default','345 qwe@efd.r\' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
72+
select*from parse('default','345 qwe@efd.r'' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
7373
/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
7474
<i <b> wow < jqw <> qwerty');
7575

76-
SELECT to_tsvector('default','345 qwe@efd.r\' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
76+
SELECT to_tsvector('default','345 qwe@efd.r'' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
7777
/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
7878
<i <b> wow < jqw <> qwerty');
7979

8080
SELECT length(to_tsvector('default','345 qw'));
8181

82-
SELECT length(to_tsvector('default','345 qwe@efd.r\' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
82+
SELECT length(to_tsvector('default','345 qwe@efd.r'' http://www.com/ http://aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 1aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw 2aew.werc.ewr http://3aew.werc.ewr/?ad=qwe&dw http://4aew.werc.ewr http://5aew.werc.ewr:8100/? ad=qwe&dw 6aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw 7aew.werc.ewr:8100/?ad=qwe&dw=%20%32 +4.0e-10 qwe qwe qwqwe 234.435 455 5.005 teodor@stack.net qwe-wer asdf <fr>qwer jf sdjk<we hjwer <werrwe> ewr1> ewri2 <a href="qwe<qwe>">
8383
/usr/local/fff /awdf/dwqe/4325 rewt/ewr wefjn /wqe-324/ewr gist.h gist.h.c gist.c. readline 4.2 4.2. 4.2, readline-4.2 readline-4.2. 234
8484
<i <b> wow < jqw <> qwerty'));
8585

8686

8787
select to_tsquery('default','qwe & sKies');
8888
select to_tsquery('simple','qwe & sKies');
89-
select to_tsquery('default','\'the wether\':dc &\' sKies\':BC');
89+
select to_tsquery('default','''the wether'':dc &'' sKies'':BC');
9090
select to_tsquery('default','asd&(and|fghj)');
9191
select to_tsquery('default','(asd&and)|fghj');
9292
select to_tsquery('default','(asd&!and)|fghj');
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ UPDATE test_tsvector SET t = null WHERE t = '345 qwerty';
135135
SELECTcount(*)FROM test_tsvectorWHERE a @@ to_tsquery('345&qwerty');
136136

137137
droptrigger tsvectorupdateon test_tsvector;
138-
createfunctionwow(text) returnstextas'select $1 ||\' copyright\';' language sql;
138+
createfunctionwow(text) returnstextas'select $1 ||'' copyright'';' language sql;
139139
createtriggertsvectorupdate beforeupdateor inserton test_tsvector
140140
for each row execute procedure tsearch2(a, wow, t);
141141
insert into test_tsvector (t)values ('345 qwerty');

‎doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml‎

Lines changed: 56 additions & 1 deletion
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
11
<!--
2-
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.330 2005/06/21 04:02:30 tgl Exp $
2+
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml,v 1.331 2005/06/26 03:03:17 momjian Exp $
33
-->
44

55
<chapter Id="runtime">
@@ -3757,6 +3757,30 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
37573757
</listitem>
37583758
</varlistentry>
37593759

3760+
<varlistentry id="guc-escape-string-warning" xreflabel="escape_string_warning">
3761+
<term><varname>escape_string_warning</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)</term>
3762+
<indexterm><primary>strings</><secondary>escape</></>
3763+
<indexterm>
3764+
<primary><varname>escape_string_warning</> configuration parameter</primary>
3765+
</indexterm>
3766+
<listitem>
3767+
<para>
3768+
When <literal>on</>, a warning is issued if a backslash
3769+
(<literal>\</>) appears in a ordinary, non-escape syntax
3770+
(<literal>''</>) string. To log the statement that generated the
3771+
warning, set <varname>log_min_error_statement</> to
3772+
<literal>error</>. The default is off.
3773+
</para>
3774+
<para>
3775+
Escape string syntax (<literal>E''</>) should be used for
3776+
escapes, because in future versions of
3777+
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> ordinary strings will have
3778+
the standard-compliant behavior of treating backslashes
3779+
literally.
3780+
</para>
3781+
</listitem>
3782+
</varlistentry>
3783+
37603784
</variablelist>
37613785
</sect3>
37623786
<sect3 id="runtime-config-compatible-clients">
@@ -3964,6 +3988,37 @@ dynamic_library_path = 'C:\tools\postgresql;H:\my_project\lib;$libdir'
39643988
</listitem>
39653989
</varlistentry>
39663990

3991+
<varlistentry id="guc-escape-string-syntax" xreflabel="escape_string_syntax">
3992+
<term><varname>escape_string_syntax</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)</term>
3993+
<indexterm><primary>strings</><secondary>escape</></>
3994+
<indexterm>
3995+
<primary><varname>escape_string_syntax</> configuration parameter</primary>
3996+
</indexterm>
3997+
<listitem>
3998+
<para>
3999+
Reports whether escape string syntax (<literal>E''</>) is
4000+
supported. This variable is used by applications that need to
4001+
determine if escape string syntax can be used in their code.
4002+
</para>
4003+
</listitem>
4004+
</varlistentry>
4005+
4006+
<varlistentry id="guc-sql-standard-strings" xreflabel="standard_compliant_strings">
4007+
<term><varname>standard_compliant_strings</varname> (<type>boolean</type>)</term>
4008+
<indexterm><primary>strings</><secondary>escape</></>
4009+
<indexterm>
4010+
<primary><varname>standard_compliant_strings</> configuration parameter</primary>
4011+
</indexterm>
4012+
<listitem>
4013+
<para>
4014+
Reports whether ordinary, non-escape syntax strings
4015+
(<literal>''</>) treat backslashes literally, as specified in
4016+
the SQL standard. This variable is used by applications that
4017+
need to know how ordinary strings are processed`.
4018+
</para>
4019+
</listitem>
4020+
</varlistentry>
4021+
39674022
</variablelist>
39684023
</sect2>
39694024

‎doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml‎

Lines changed: 19 additions & 4 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
11
<!--
2-
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.100 2005/06/02 01:23:08 momjian Exp $
2+
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.101 2005/06/26 03:03:21 momjian Exp $
33
-->
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<chapter id="sql-syntax">
@@ -247,9 +247,10 @@ UPDATE "my_table" SET "a" = 5;
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write two adjacent single quotes, e.g.
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<literal>'Dianne''s horse'</literal>.
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> also allows single quotes
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to be escaped with a backslash (<literal>\</literal>), so for
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example the same string could be written
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<literal>'Dianne\'s horse'</literal>.
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to be escaped with a backslash (<literal>\'</literal>). However,
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future versions of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> will not
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support this so applications using this should convert to the
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standard-compliant method outlined above.
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</para>
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<para>
@@ -268,6 +269,20 @@ UPDATE "my_table" SET "a" = 5;
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include a backslash in a string constant, write two backslashes.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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While ordinary strings now support C-style backslash escapes,
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future versions will generate warnings for such usage and
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eventually treat backslashes as literal characters to be
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standard-compliant. The proper way to specify escape processing is
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to use the escape string syntax to indicate that escape
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processing is desired. Escape string syntax is specified by placing
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the the letter <literal>E</literal> (upper or lower case) before
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the string, e.g. <literal>E'\041'</>. This method will work in all
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future versions of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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The character with the code zero cannot be in a string constant.
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</para>

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