# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):

# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014

# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.

# For future dates, guess the last Friday in March at 24:00 through

# the first Friday on or after October 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with

# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs:

# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza

# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron

# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):

# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728

#

# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):

# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.

# Leave fall predictions alone for now.

# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):

# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on

# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf

# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.

#

# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):

# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.

# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring

# predictions.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):

# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:

# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza

# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron

# RuleNAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

Rule EgyptAsia1957only-May100:001:00S

Rule Palestine20122014-MarlastThu24:001:00S

Rule Palestine2012only-Sep211:000-

Rule Palestine2013only-SepFri>=210:000-

Rule Palestine2014max-OctFri>=210:000-

Rule Palestine20142015-OctFri>=210:000-

Rule Palestine2015only-MarlastFri24:001:00S

Rule Palestine2016max-MarlastSat1:001:00S

Rule Palestine2016max-OctlastSat1:000-

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAsia/Gaza2:17:52-LMT1900 Oct

# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],

# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.

# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):

# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at

# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government

# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization

# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.

#

# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements

# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka

# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.

#

# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News

# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they

# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news

# item....

#

# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and

# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the

# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well

# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are

# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).

#

# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation

# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for

# all computers.

# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):

# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down

# and then see what people actually say in practice.

# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):

# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,

# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka

# standard time is SLST.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):

# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time

# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of

# it in the International Business Times of India in February and

# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing

# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in

# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is

# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can

# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAsia/Colombo5:19:24 -LMT1880

5:19:32-MMT1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time

5:30-IST1942 Jan 5

5:300:30IHST1942 Sep

5:301:00IST1945 Oct 16 2:00

5:30-IST1996 May 25 0:00

6:30-LKT1996 Oct 26 0:30

6:00-LKT2006 Apr 15 0:30

5:30-IST

5:30-+05301942 Jan 5

5:300:30+0530/+061942 Sep

5:301:00+0530/+06301945 Oct 16 2:00

5:30-+05301996 May 25 0:00

6:30-+06301996 Oct 26 0:30

6:00-+062006 Apr 15 0:30

5:30-+0530

# Syria

# RuleNAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at

# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.

# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-01):

# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):

# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx

# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when

# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will

# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."

# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03):

# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to

# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches

# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future

# Amsterdam mean time.

# The data entries before 1945 are taken from

# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm

# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm

# RuleNAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

RuleNeth1916only-May 10:001:00NST# Netherlands Summer Time

# Turkey

# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):

# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.

# ... The latest rules are available at:

# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):

# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that

# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure

# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:

# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm

# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT

# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM

# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016

# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021

# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027

# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):

# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.

# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):

# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with

# no exceptions.

# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...

# Here are official papers:

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf - page 2 for 1986

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf - page 4 for 1987

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf - page 15 for 1988

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf - page 6 for 1989

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf - page 1 for 1990 - 1992

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf - page 15 for 1993 - 1995

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf - page 1 for overriding 1994

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf - page 1 for 1996, 1997

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf - page 10 for 1998 - 2000

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001

# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006

# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):

# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1985.

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):

# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC

RuleTurkey1983only-Oct 20:000-

RuleTurkey1985only-Apr200:001:00S

RuleTurkey1985only-Sep280:000-

RuleTurkey19861990-MarlastSun2:00s1:00S

RuleTurkey19861990-SeplastSun2:00s0-

RuleTurkey19912006-MarlastSun1:00s1:00S

RuleTurkey19911995-SeplastSun1:00s0-

RuleTurkey19861993-MarlastSun1:00s1:00S

RuleTurkey19861995-SeplastSun1:00s0-

RuleTurkey1994only-Mar201:00s1:00S

RuleTurkey19952006-MarlastSun1:00s1:00S

RuleTurkey19962006-OctlastSun1:00s0-

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneEurope/Istanbul1:55:52 -LMT1880

# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines

# in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,

# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.

# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,

# and the most of the country soon followed suit.

# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21):

# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw

# lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones

# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,

# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the

# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen

# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,

# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it

# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan

# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for

# railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all

# railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00.

# That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts

# of the new zones observed noon twice. Allen witnessed the

# transition in New York City, writing:

#

# I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four

# minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval

# Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes

# of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was

# abandoned, probably forever.

#

# Most of the US soon followed suit. See:

# Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.

# http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430

# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):

# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.

+0310800

+0414400

+0518000

+053019800

+0621600

+0725200

+0828800