# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see

# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.

# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):

# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):

#

# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:

# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),

# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).

# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.

#

# Gwillim Lawwrites that a good source

# forrecenttime zone datais the International Air Transport

#Many years agoGwillim Lawwrote that a good source

# for time zone datawas the International Air Transport

# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),

# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries

# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,

# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

#

# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.

# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.

# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT

# for+0:00 through +3:00, respectively,

# but Mark R V Murrayreports that

# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,

# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and

# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for

# forUT +00 through +03, respectively,

# butin 1997Mark R V Murrayreported that

# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,

# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and

# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for

# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".

# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.

#

# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;

# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,

# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.

# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African

# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.

#

# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:

#-1:00WATWest Africa Time (no longer used)

# 0:00GMTGreenwich Mean Time

# 2:00CATCentral Africa Time

# 2:00SASTSouth Africa Standard Time

# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:

# 1:00WATWest Africa Time

# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00

# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of

# until we get more information.

#

# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:

# +00GMTGreenwich Mean Time

# +02CATCentral Africa Time

# +02SASTSouth Africa Standard Time

# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:

# +01WATWest Africa Time

# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.

# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but

# cannot now come up with solid citations.

#

# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!

#2:00WASTWest Africa Summer Time

#2:30BEATBritish EastAfrica Time (no longer used)

#2:45BEAUTBritish EastAfricaUnified Time (no longer used)

#3:00CASTCentral AfricaSummerTime (no longer used)

# 3:00SASTSouth Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

# 3:00EATEast Africa Time

#+02WASTWest Africa Summer Time

#+03CASTCentralAfrica Summer Time (no longer used)

#+03SASTSouthAfricaSummer Time (no longer used)

#+03EATEast Africa Time

# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired

# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.

# Algeria

# RuleNAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde

#

# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition toCVT.

# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to+02.

# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree

#http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

#https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

# merely made it official?

#

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -LMT1907 # Praia

-2:00-CVT1942 Sep

-2:001:00CVST1945 Oct 15

-2:00-CVT1975 Nov 25 2:00

-1:00-CVT

-2:00--021942 Sep

-2:001:00-011945 Oct 15

-2:00--021975 Nov 25 2:00

-1:00--01

# Central African Republic

# See Africa/Lagos.

RuleGhana19201942-Dec310:000GMT

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Accra-0:00:52 -LMT1918

0:00Ghana%s

0:00GhanaGMT/+0020

# Guinea

# See Africa/Abidjan.

#

# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,

# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree

#http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

#https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.

#

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Bissau-1:02:20 -LMT1912 Jan 1

-1:00-WAT1975

-1:00--011975

0:00-GMT

# Kenya

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Nairobi2:27:16-LMT1928 Jul

3:00-EAT1930

2:30-BEAT1940

2:45-BEAUT1960

2:30-+02301940

2:45-+02451960

3:00-EAT

Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia

Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea

# See Africa/Johannesburg.

# Liberia

# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):

# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch

# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.

# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.

# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;

# go with Shanks & Pottenger.

# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and

# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):

#

# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.

#

# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset

# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on

# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:

# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of

# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.

# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.

#

# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric

# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.

#

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Monrovia-0:43:08 -LMT1882

-0:43:08 -MMT1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time

-0:44:30 -LRT1972May # Liberia Time

-0:44:30 -MMT1972Jan 7 # approximately MMT

0:00-GMT

###############################################################################

Rule Mauritius2009only-MarlastSun2:000-

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

Zone Indian/Mauritius3:50:00 -LMT1907 # Port Louis

4:00 MauritiusMU%sT# Mauritius Time

4:00 Mauritius+04/+05

# Agalega Is, Rodriguez

# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius

# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.

Zone Africa/El_Aaiun-0:52:48 -LMT1934 Jan # El Aaiún

-1:00-WAT1976 Apr 14

-1:00--011976 Apr 14

0:00MoroccoWE%sT

# Mozambique

#

# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.

# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree

#http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

#https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

# merely made it official?

#

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest

# of the country.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):

# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but

# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.

# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):

# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally

# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.

# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.

# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.

# http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers

# RULENAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

RuleNamibia1994max-SepSun>=12:001:00S

RuleNamibia1995max-AprSun>=12:000-

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Windhoek1:08:24 -LMT1892 Feb 8

1:30-SWAT1903 Mar # SW Africa Time

1:30-+01301903 Mar

2:00-SAST1942 Sep 20 2:00

2:001:00SAST1943 Mar 21 2:00

2:00-SAST1990 Mar 21 # independence

# Réunion

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneIndian/Reunion3:41:52 -LMT1911 Jun # Saint-Denis

4:00-RET# Réunion Time

4:00-+04

#

# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.

#

# Seychelles

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneIndian/Mahe3:41:48 -LMT1906 Jun # Victoria

4:00-SCT# Seychelles Time

4:00-+04

# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):

# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the

# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory

# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02

# Prat, -6230-05941

# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09

# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.

# These locations employ Region of Magallanes time; use

# TZ='America/Punta_Arenas'.

# China - year-round bases

# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20