9090 4.14) In a query, how do I detect if a field is NULL?
9191 4.15) What is the difference between the various character types?
9292 4.16.1) How do I create a serial/auto-incrementing field?
93- 4.16.2) How do I get the value of aserial insert?
93+ 4.16.2) How do I get the value of aSERIAL insert?
9494 4.16.3) Don't currval() and nextval() lead to a race condition with
95- otherconcurrent backend processes ?
96- 4.17) What is anoid ? What is atid ?
95+ otherusers ?
96+ 4.17) What is anOID ? What is aTID ?
9797 4.18) What is the meaning of some of the terms used in PostgreSQL?
9898 4.19) Why do I get the error "FATAL: palloc failure: memory
9999 exhausted?"
108108
109109 5.1) I wrote a user-defined function. When I run it in psql, why does
110110 it dump core?
111- 5.2) What does the message: NOTICE:PortalHeapMemoryFree: 0x402251d0
112- not in alloc set! mean?
111+ 5.2) What does the message " NOTICE:PortalHeapMemoryFree: 0x402251d0
112+ not in alloc set!" mean?
113113 5.3) How can I contribute some nifty new types and functions to
114114 PostgreSQL?
115115 5.4) How do I write a C function to return a tuple?
116- 5.5) I have changed a source file. Why does the recompiledoes not see
117- the change?
116+ 5.5) I have changed a source file. Why does the recompile not see the
117+ change?
118118 _________________________________________________________________
119119
120120 General Questions
219219
220220 The main mailing list is: pgsql-general@PostgreSQL.org. It is
221221 available for discussion of matters pertaining to PostgreSQL. To
222- subscribe, senda mail with the lines in the body (not the subject
223- line)
222+ subscribe, send mail with thefollowing lines in the body (not the
223+ subject line)
224224 subscribe
225225 end
226226
280280
281281 1.9) How do I find out about known bugs or missing features?
282282
283- PostgreSQL supports an extended subset of SQL-92. See our TODOfor a
284- list of known bugs, missing features, and future plans.
283+ PostgreSQL supports an extended subset of SQL-92. See our TODOlist
284+ for known bugs, missing features, and future plans.
285285
286286 1.10) How can I learn SQL?
287287
303303
304304 1.12) How do I join the development team?
305305
306- First, download the latestsources and read the PostgreSQL Developers
306+ First, download the latestsource and read the PostgreSQL Developers
307307 documentation on our web site, or in the distribution. Second,
308308 subscribe to the pgsql-hackers and pgsql-patches mailing lists. Third,
309309 submit high-quality patches to pgsql-patches.
310310
311311 There are about a dozen people who have commit privileges to the
312312 PostgreSQL CVS archive. They each have submitted so many high-quality
313- patches that it wasa pain for the existing committers to keep up, and
314- we had confidence that patches they committed werelikely to be of
315- high quality.
313+ patches that it wasimpossible for the existing committers to keep up,
314+ and we had confidence that patches they committed wereof high
315+ quality.
316316
317317 1.13) How do I submit a bug report?
318318
333333 some features they don't have, like user-defined types,
334334 inheritance, rules, and multi-version concurrency control to
335335 reduce lock contention. We don't have outer joins, but are
336- working on them for our next release .
336+ working on them.
337337
338338 Performance
339339 PostgreSQL runs in two modes. Normal fsync mode flushes every
442442 * Python(PyGreSQL)
443443 * TCL(libpgtcl)
444444 * C Easy API(libpgeasy)
445- * Embedded HTML(PHP from http://www.php.net)
445+ * Embedded HTML
446446 _________________________________________________________________
447447
448448 Administrative Questions
474474 You either do not have shared memory configured properly in your
475475 kernel or you need to enlarge the shared memory available in the
476476 kernel. The exact amount you need depends on your architecture and how
477- many buffers and backend processes you configurepostmaster to run
478- with. For most systems, with default numbers of buffers and processes,
479- you need a minimum of ~1MB.
477+ many buffers and backend processes you configurefor the postmaster.
478+ For most systems, with default numbers of buffers and processes, you
479+ need a minimum of ~1MB.
480480
481481 3.5) When I try to start the postmaster, I get IpcSemaphoreCreate errors.
482482 Why?
511511
512512 You should not create database users with user id 0 (root). They will
513513 be unable to access the database. This is a security precaution
514- because of the ability ofany user to dynamically link object modules
514+ because of the ability ofusers to dynamically link object modules
515515 into the database engine.
516516
517517 3.9) All my servers crash under concurrent table access. Why?
533533 reduces the transaction overhead. Also consider dropping and
534534 recreating indices when making large data changes.
535535
536- There are several tuningthings that can be done . You can disable
537- fsync() by starting the postmaster with a -o -F option. This will
538- prevent fsync()'s from flushing to disk after every transaction.
536+ There are several tuningoptions . You can disable fsync() by starting
537+ the postmaster with a -o -F option. This will prevent fsync()'s from
538+ flushing to disk after every transaction.
539539
540540 You can also use the postmaster -B option to increase the number of
541541 shared memory buffers used by the backend processes. If you make this
548548 value is measured in kilobytes, and the default is 512 (ie, 512K).
549549
550550 You can also use the CLUSTER command to group data in tables to match
551- an index. See thecluster(l) manual page for more details.
551+ an index. See theCLUSTER manual page for more details.
552552
553553 3.11) What debugging features are available?
554554
629629
630630 They are temporary files generated by the query executor. For example,
631631 if a sort needs to be done to satisfy an ORDER BY, and the sort
632- requires more space than the backend's -S parameter allows, then temp
633- files are created to hold the extra data.
632+ requires more space than the backend's -S parameter allows, then
633+ temporary files are created to hold the extra data.
634634
635635 The temp files should be deleted automatically, but might not if a
636636 backend crashes during a sort. If you have no backends running at the
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ Maximum number of indexes on a table? unlimited
695695 BLCKSZ. To use attributes larger than 8K, you can also use the large
696696 object interface.
697697
698- Row length limit will be removed in 7.1.
698+ The row length limit will be removed in 7.1.
699699
700700 4.7)How much database disk space is required to store data from a typical
701701 text file?
@@ -847,13 +847,13 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
847847 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );
848848
849849 See the create_sequence manual page for more information about
850- sequences. You can also use each row'soid field as a unique value.
850+ sequences. You can also use each row'sOID field as a unique value.
851851 However, if you need to dump and reload the database, you need to use
852- pg_dump's -o option or COPY WITH OIDS option to preserve theoids .
852+ pg_dump's -o option or COPY WITH OIDS option to preserve theOIDs .
853853
854854 Numbering Rows.
855855
856- 4.16.2) How do I get theback the generated SERIAL value after an insert?
856+ 4.16.2) How do I get thevalue of a SERIAL insert?
857857
858858 One approach is to to retrieve the next SERIAL value from the sequence
859859 object with the nextval() function before inserting and then insert it
@@ -873,43 +873,43 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
873873 INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal');
874874 $newID = currval('person_id_seq');
875875
876- Finally, you could use theoid returned from the INSERT statement to
876+ Finally, you could use theOID returned from the INSERT statement to
877877 lookup the default value, though this is probably the least portable
878878 approach. In perl, using DBI with Edmund Mergl's DBD::Pg module, the
879879 oid value is made available via $sth->{pg_oid_status} after
880880 $sth->execute().
881881
882882 4.16.3) Don't currval() and nextval() lead to a race condition with other
883- concurrent backend processes ?
883+ users ?
884884
885885 No. This is handled by the backends.
886886
887- 4.17) What is anoid ? What is atid ?
887+ 4.17) What is anOID ? What is aTID ?
888888
889889 OIDs are PostgreSQL's answer to unique row ids. Every row that is
890- created in PostgreSQL gets a uniqueoid . Alloids generated during
890+ created in PostgreSQL gets a uniqueOID . AllOIDs generated during
891891 initdb are less than 16384 (from backend/access/transam.h). All
892- user-createdoids are equal or greater that this. By default, all
893- theseoids are unique not only within a table, or database, but unique
892+ user-createdOIDs are equal or greater that this. By default, all
893+ theseOIDs are unique not only within a table, or database, but unique
894894 within the entire PostgreSQL installation.
895895
896- PostgreSQL usesoids in its internal system tables to link rows
897- between tables. Theseoids can be used to identify specific user rows
898- and used in joins. It is recommended you use column typeoid to store
899- oid values. You can create an index on theoid field for faster
896+ PostgreSQL usesOIDs in its internal system tables to link rows
897+ between tables. TheseOIDs can be used to identify specific user rows
898+ and used in joins. It is recommended you use column typeOID to store
899+ OID values. You can create an index on theOID field for faster
900900 access.
901901
902902 Oids are assigned to all new rows from a central area that is used by
903- all databases. If you want to change theoid to something else, or if
904- you want to make a copy of the table, with the originaloid 's, there
903+ all databases. If you want to change theOID to something else, or if
904+ you want to make a copy of the table, with the originalOID 's, there
905905 is no reason you can't do it:
906906 CREATE TABLE new_table(old_oid oid, mycol int);
907907 SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;
908908 COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';
909909 DELETE FROM new;
910910 COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';
911911
912- Tids are used to identify specific physical rows with block and offset
912+ TIDs are used to identify specific physical rows with block and offset
913913 values. Tids change after rows are modified or reloaded. They are used
914914 by index entries to point to physical rows.
915915
@@ -923,7 +923,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
923923 * retrieve, select
924924 * replace, update
925925 * append, insert
926- *oid , serial value
926+ *OID , serial value
927927 * portal, cursor
928928 * range variable, table name, table alias
929929
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
969969
970970 Currently, we join subqueries to outer queries by sequential scanning
971971 the result of the subquery for each row of the outer query. A
972- workaround is to replace IN with EXISTS. For example, change :
972+ workaround is to replace IN with EXISTS:
973973 SELECT *
974974 FROM tab
975975 WHERE col1 IN (SELECT col2 FROM TAB2)
@@ -1005,8 +1005,8 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
10051005 The problem could be a number of things. Try testing your user-defined
10061006 function in a stand alone test program first.
10071007
1008- 5.2) What does the message: NOTICE:PortalHeapMemoryFree: 0x402251d0 not in
1009- alloc set! mean?
1008+ 5.2) What does the message " NOTICE:PortalHeapMemoryFree: 0x402251d0 not in
1009+ alloc set!" mean?
10101010
10111011 You are pfree'ing something that was not palloc'ed. Beware of mixing
10121012 malloc/free and palloc/pfree.
@@ -1021,9 +1021,8 @@ BYTEA bytea variable-length array of bytes
10211021 This requires wizardry so extreme that the authors have never tried
10221022 it, though in principle it can be done.
10231023
1024- 5.5) I have changed a source file. Why does the recompiledoes not see the
1024+ 5.5) I have changed a source file. Why does the recompile not see the
10251025 change?
10261026
10271027 The Makefiles do not have the proper dependencies for include files.
1028- You have to do a make clean and then another make. You have to do a
1029- make clean and then another make.
1028+ You have to do a make clean and then another make.