&dfunc;

<sect2 id="xfunc-api-abi-stability-guidance">

<title>Server API and ABI Stability Guidance</title>

<para>

This section contains guidance to authors of extensions and other server

plugins about API and ABI stability in the

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server.

</para>

<sect3 id="xfunc-guidance-general">

<title>General</title>

<para>

The <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server contains several

well-demarcated APIs for server plugins, such as the function manager

(<acronym>fmgr</acronym>, described in this chapter),

<acronym>SPI</acronym> (<xref linkend="spi"/>), and various hooks

specifically designed for extensions. These interfaces are carefully

managed for long-term stability and compatibility. However, the entire

set of global functions and variables in the server effectively

constitutes the publicly usable API, and most of it was not designed

with extensibility and long-term stability in mind.

</para>

<para>

Therefore, while taking advantage of these interfaces is valid, the

further one strays from the well-trodden path, the likelier it will be

that one might encounter API or ABI compatibility issues at some point.

Extension authors are encouraged to provide feedback about their

requirements, so that over time, as new use patterns arise, certain

interfaces can be considered more stabilized or new, better-designed

interfaces can be added.

</para>

</sect3>

<sect3 id="xfunc-guidance-api-compatibility">

<title>API Compatibility</title>

<para>

The <acronym>API</acronym>, or application programming interface, is the

interface used at compile time.

</para>

<sect4 id="xfunc-guidance-api-major-versions">

<title>Major Versions</title>

<para>

There is <emphasis>no</emphasis> promise of API compatibility between

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> major versions. Extension code

therefore might require source code changes to work with multiple major

versions. These can usually be managed with preprocessor conditions

such as <literal>#if PG_VERSION_NUM &gt;= 160000</literal>.

Sophisticated extensions that use interfaces beyond the well-demarcated

ones usually require a few such changes for each major server version.

</para>

</sect4>

<sect4 id="xfunc-guidance-api-mninor-versions">

<title>Minor Versions</title>

<para>

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> makes an effort to avoid server

API breaks in minor releases. In general, extension code that compiles

and works with a minor release should also compile and work with any

other minor release of the same major version, past or future.

</para>

<para>

When a change <emphasis>is</emphasis> required, it will be carefully

managed, taking the requirements of extensions into account. Such

changes will be communicated in the release notes (<xref

linkend="release"/>).

</para>

</sect4>

</sect3>

<sect3 id="xfunc-guidance-abi-compatibility">

<title>ABI Compatibility</title>

<para>

The <acronym>ABI</acronym>, or application binary interface, is the

interface used at run time.

</para>

<sect4 id="xfunc-guidance-abi-major-versions">

<title>Major Versions</title>

<para>

Servers of different major versions have intentionally incompatible

ABIs. Extensions that use server APIs must therefore be re-compiled for

each major release. The inclusion of <literal>PG_MODULE_MAGIC</literal>

(see <xref linkend="xfunc-c-dynload"/>) ensures that code compiled for

one major version will be rejected by other major versions.

</para>

</sect4>

<sect4 id="xfunc-guidance-abi-mninor-versions">

<title>Minor Versions</title>

<para>

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> makes an effort to avoid server

ABI breaks in minor releases. In general, an extension compiled against

any minor release should work with any other minor release of the same

major version, past or future.

</para>

<para>

When a change <emphasis>is</emphasis> required,

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> will choose the least invasive

change possible, for example by squeezing a new field into padding

space or appending it to the end of a struct. These sorts of changes

should not impact extensions unless they use very unusual code

patterns.

</para>

<para>

In rare cases, however, even such non-invasive changes may be

impractical or impossible. In such an event, the change will be

carefully managed, taking the requirements of extensions into account.

Such changes will also be documented in the release notes (<xref

linkend="release"/>).

</para>

<para>

Note, however, that many parts of the server are not designed or

maintained as publicly-consumable APIs (and that, in most cases, the

actual boundary is also not well-defined). If urgent needs arise,

changes in those parts will naturally be made with less consideration

for extension code than changes in well-defined and widely used

interfaces.

</para>

<para>

Also, in the absence of automated detection of such changes, this is

not a guarantee, but historically such breaking changes have been

extremely rare.

</para>

</sect4>

</sect3>

</sect2>

<sect2 id="xfunc-c-composite-type-args">

<title>Composite-Type Arguments</title>