<term><acronym>CVE</acronym></term>

<listitem>

<para>

<ulink url="http://cve.mitre.org/">Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures</ulink>

<ulink url="https://cve.mitre.org/">Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures</ulink>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

<term><acronym>IEEE</acronym></term>

<listitem>

<para>

<ulink url="http://standards.ieee.org/">Institute of Electrical and

<ulink url="https://standards.ieee.org/">Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers</ulink>

</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>

<para>

<ulink

url="http://json.org">JavaScript Object Notation</ulink>

url="https://www.json.org">JavaScript Object Notation</ulink>

</para>

</listitem>

</varlistentry>

Some white papers and technical reports from the original

<productname>POSTGRES</productname> development team

are available at the University of California, Berkeley, Computer Science

Department <ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/">web site</ulink>.

Department <ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/">web site</ulink>.

</para>

<bibliodiv>

</biblioentry>

<biblioentry id="fong">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/UCB-MS-zfong.pdf">The

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/UCB-MS-zfong.pdf">The

design and implementation of the <productname>POSTGRES</productname> query

optimizer</ulink></title>

<author>

<biblioentry id="rowe87">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M87-13.pdf">The <productname>POSTGRES</productname>

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M87-13.pdf">The <productname>POSTGRES</productname>

data model</ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<biblioentry id="seshadri95">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/seshadri95generalized.html">Generalized

<title><ulink url="https://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.40.5740">Generalized

Partial Indexes</ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<biblioentry id="ston86">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M85-95.pdf">The

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M85-95.pdf">The

design of <productname>POSTGRES</productname></ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<biblioentry id="ston87b">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M87-06.pdf">The

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M87-06.pdf">The

design of the <productname>POSTGRES</productname> storage

system</ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<biblioentry id="ston89">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M89-82.pdf">A

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M89-82.pdf">A

commentary on the <productname>POSTGRES</productname> rules

system</ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<biblioentry id="ston89b">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M89-17.pdf">The

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M89-17.pdf">The

case for partial indexes</ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<biblioentry id="ston90a">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M90-34.pdf">The

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M90-34.pdf">The

implementation of <productname>POSTGRES</productname></ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<author>

<biblioentry id="ston90b">

<biblioset relation="article">

<title><ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M90-36.pdf">On

<title><ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/papers/ERL-M90-36.pdf">On

Rules, Procedures, Caching and Views in Database Systems</ulink></title>

<authorgroup>

<author>

by <xref linkend="guc-log-timezone"/>.)

The supported <literal>%</literal>-escapes are similar to those

listed in the Open Group's <ulink

url="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/strftime.html">strftime

url="https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/strftime.html">strftime

</ulink> specification.

Note that the system's <function>strftime</function> is not used

directly, so platform-specific (nonstandard) extensions do not work.

<para>

My thanks are primarily to Prof. Joe Hellerstein

(<ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/jmh/"></ulink>) for elucidating the

(<ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/jmh/"></ulink>) for elucidating the

gist of the GiST (<ulink url="http://gist.cs.berkeley.edu/"></ulink>), and

to his former student Andy Dong for his example written for Illustra.

I am also grateful to all Postgres developers, present and past, for

<tip>

<para>

If this is too complicated for you, you should consider using

<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/">

<ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/">

<productname>GNU Libtool</productname></ulink>,

which hides the platform differences behind a uniform interface.

</para>

<para>

In this module, the Earth is assumed to be perfectly spherical.

(If that's too inaccurate for you, you might want to look at the

<application><ulink url="http://postgis.net/">PostGIS</ulink></application>

<application><ulink url="https://postgis.net/">PostGIS</ulink></application>

project.)

</para>

<entry>libpqxx</entry>

<entry>C++</entry>

<entry>C++ interface</entry>

<entry><ulink url="http://pqxx.org/"></ulink></entry>

<entry><ulink url="https://pqxx.org/"></ulink></entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry>Npgsql</entry>

<entry>.NET</entry>

<entry>.NET data provider</entry>

<entry><ulink url="http://www.npgsql.org/"></ulink></entry>

<entry><ulink url="https://www.npgsql.org/"></ulink></entry>

</row>

<row>

<entry>psycopg</entry>

<entry>Python</entry>

<entry>DB API 2.0-compliant</entry>

<entry><ulink url="http://initd.org/psycopg/"></ulink></entry>

<entry><ulink url="https://www.psycopg.org/"></ulink></entry>

</row>

</tbody>

</tgroup>

contains several extensions, which are described in

<xref linkend="contrib"/>. Other extensions are developed

independently, like <application><ulink

url="http://postgis.net/">PostGIS</ulink></application>. Even

url="https://postgis.net/">PostGIS</ulink></application>. Even

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> replication solutions can be developed

externally. For example, <application> <ulink

url="http://www.slony.info">Slony-I</ulink></application> is a popular

url="https://www.slony.info">Slony-I</ulink></application> is a popular

master/standby replication solution that is developed independently

from the core project.

</para>

<listitem>

<para>

<ulink url="http://www.red3d.com/cwr/evolve.html">

<ulink url="https://www.red3d.com/cwr/evolve.html">

Evolutionary Computation and its application to art and design</ulink>, by

Craig Reynolds

</para>

<listitem><para>

Required for GSSAPI authentication support. MIT Kerberos can be

downloaded from

<ulink url="http://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/dist/index.html"></ulink>.

<ulink url="https://web.mit.edu/Kerberos/dist/index.html"></ulink>.

</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<productname>libxslt</productname></term>

<listitem><para>

Required for XML support. Binaries can be downloaded from

<ulink url="http://zlatkovic.com/pub/libxml"></ulink> or source from

<ulink url="https://zlatkovic.com/pub/libxml"></ulink> or source from

<ulink url="http://xmlsoft.org"></ulink>. Note that libxml2 requires iconv,

which is available from the same download location.

</para></listitem>

<listitem><para>

Required for compression support in <application>pg_dump</application>

and <application>pg_restore</application>. Binaries can be downloaded

from <ulink url="http://www.zlib.net"></ulink>.

from <ulink url="https://www.zlib.net"></ulink>.

</para></listitem>

</varlistentry>

<para>

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is an object-relational

database management system (<acronym>ORDBMS</acronym>) based on

<ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/postgres.html">

<ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/postgres.html">

<productname>POSTGRES, Version 4.2</productname></ulink>,

developed at the University of California at Berkeley Computer Science

Department. POSTGRES pioneered many concepts that only became

several sites, including:

<itemizedlist>

<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.isbn-international.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>

<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.issn.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>

<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.issn.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>

<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.ismn-international.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>

<listitem><para><ulink url="https://www.wikipedia.org/"></ulink></para></listitem>

</itemizedlist>

<ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTrace">DTrace</ulink>

utility is supported, which, at the time of this writing, is available

on Solaris, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and Oracle Linux. The

<ulink url="http://sourceware.org/systemtap/">SystemTap</ulink> project

<ulink url="https://sourceware.org/systemtap/">SystemTap</ulink> project

for Linux provides a DTrace equivalent and can also be used. Supporting other dynamic

tracing utilities is theoretically possible by changing the definitions for

the macros in <filename>src/include/utils/probes.h</filename>.

someone has already done some translation work. The files are

named <filename><replaceable>language</replaceable>.po</filename>,

where <replaceable>language</replaceable> is the

<ulink url="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php">

<ulink url="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php">

ISO 639-1 two-letter language code (in lower case)</ulink>, e.g.,

<filename>fr.po</filename> for French. If there is really a need

for more than one translation effort per language then the files

<para>The GNU Privacy Handbook.</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>

<para><ulink url="http://www.openwall.com/crypt/"></ulink></para>

<para><ulink url="https://www.openwall.com/crypt/"></ulink></para>

<para>Describes the crypt-blowfish algorithm.</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>

<para>

<ulink url="http://www.iusmentis.com/security/passphrasefaq/"></ulink>

<ulink url="https://www.iusmentis.com/security/passphrasefaq/"></ulink>

</para>

<para>How to choose a good password.</para>

</listitem>

<para>Description of Fortuna CSPRNG.</para>

</listitem>

<listitem>

<para><ulink url="http://jlcooke.ca/random/"></ulink></para>

<para><ulink url="https://jlcooke.ca/random/"></ulink></para>

<para>Jean-Luc Cooke Fortuna-based <filename>/dev/random</filename> driver for Linux.</para>

</listitem>

</itemizedlist>

<para>

PL/Perl is a loadable procedural language that enables you to write

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> functions in the

<ulink url="http://www.perl.org">Perl programming language</ulink>.

<ulink url="https://www.perl.org">Perl programming language</ulink>.

</para>

<para>

<para>

PL/Tcl is a loadable procedural language for the

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database system

that enables the <ulink url="http://www.tcl.tk/">

that enables the <ulink url="https://www.tcl.tk/">

Tcl language</ulink> to be used to write

<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> functions.

</para>

<para>

My thanks are primarily to Prof. Joe Hellerstein

(<ulink url="http://db.cs.berkeley.edu/jmh/"></ulink>) for elucidating the

(<ulink url="https://dsf.berkeley.edu/jmh/"></ulink>) for elucidating the

gist of the GiST (<ulink url="http://gist.cs.berkeley.edu/"></ulink>). I am

also grateful to all Postgres developers, present and past, for enabling

myself to create my own world and live undisturbed in it. And I would like

The <application>Snowball</application> dictionary template is based on a project

by Martin Porter, inventor of the popular Porter's stemming algorithm

for the English language. Snowball now provides stemming algorithms for

many languages (see the <ulink url="http://snowballstem.org/">Snowball

many languages (see the <ulink url="https://snowballstem.org/">Snowball

site</ulink> for more information). Each algorithm understands how to

reduce common variant forms of words to a base, or stem, spelling within

its language. A Snowball dictionary requires a <literal>language</literal>