#

# For data circa 1899, a common source is:

# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.

#http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359

#https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359

#

# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.

# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]

# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm

#http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53

#https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53

# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:

# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm

RuleEgypt2007only-SepThu>=124:000-

# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.

#

# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263

# [2]http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53

# [3]http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/

# [2]https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53

# [3]https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):

# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):

# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet

# Information and Decision Support Center:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html

#

# The Middle East News Agency

#http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx

#https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx

# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"

# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."

# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,

# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but

# dates not yet announced....

# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html

# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):

# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at

# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):

# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.

#http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/

#https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/

# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc

#

# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in

#http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html

#https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html

#

# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):

# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.

# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):

# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was

# cancelled yesterday....

#http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/

#https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/

#

# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):

# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.

# basis....

# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to

# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):

# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-

#

# Our wrap-up:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):

# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:

# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to

# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."

#

# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html

# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html

# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):

# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):

# According to this article:

#http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html

#https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html

# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)

# the changes occur at midnight:

#

# posted in English).

#

# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:

#http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search

#https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search

# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):

# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31

# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default

#

# We have some further details posted here:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html

# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):

# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according

# (French)

#

# Our summary:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):

# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,

# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html

# (French)

# Our page:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html

# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):

# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)

# They said that the decision was already taken.

#

# More articles in the press

#http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html

#https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html

# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923

# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim

# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of

# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).

# Source (french):

#http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/

#https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/

#

# From Milamber (2015-06-09):

# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863

# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go

# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....

# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in

# <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees

# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees

# with the patch.

# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):

Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi# E Dem. Rep. of Congo

Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka# Zambia

# Namibia

# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.

# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.

# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):

# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at

# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf

# and includes this nugget:

# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the

# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall

# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on

# Sunday 4 September 1994.

# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):

# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html

# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.

# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.

# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.

# http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers

# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers

# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):

# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:

# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/

# This video is from the government decision:

# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665

# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at

# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:

# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html

# RULENAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

RuleNamibia1994max-SepSun>=12:001:00S

RuleNamibia1995max-AprSun>=12:000-

RuleNamibia1994only-Mar210:000-

RuleNamibia19942016-SepSun>=12:001:00S

RuleNamibia19952017-AprSun>=12:000-

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Windhoek1:08:24 -LMT1892 Feb 8

1:30-+01301903 Mar

2:00-SAST1942 Sep 20 2:00

2:001:00SAST1943 Mar 21 2:00

2:00-SAST1990 Mar 21 # independence

2:00-CAT1994 Apr 3

1:00NamibiaWA%sT

2:00-CAT1994 Mar 21 0:00

1:00NamibiaWA%sT2017 Sep 3 2:00

2:00-CAT

# Niger

# See Africa/Lagos.

# no information

# Sudan

# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>

# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),

# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:

# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon

# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for

# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.

# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):

# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)

# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.

#

# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):

# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the

# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia

# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:

# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html

# RuleNAMEFROMTOTYPEINONATSAVELETTER/S

RuleSudan1970only-May 10:001:00S

RuleSudan19701985-Oct150:000-

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Khartoum2:10:08 -LMT1931

2:00SudanCA%sT2000 Jan 15 12:00

3:00-EAT

3:00-EAT2017 Nov 1

2:00-CAT

# South Sudan

Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba

# ZoneNAMEGMTOFFRULESFORMAT[UNTIL]

ZoneAfrica/Juba2:06:28 -LMT1931

2:00SudanCA%sT2000 Jan 15 12:00

3:00-EAT

# Swaziland

# See Africa/Johannesburg.

# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.

# (Arabic)

# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546

#http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp

#https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp

#

# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.

# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html

# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):

# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency

# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)

#previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered

#Margaret Turner reports

#http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html

#https://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html

#(1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;

#presumably this is when they have visitors.

#

# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079

#

# We have more background information here:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html

# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):

# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...

# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.

#

# Background:

#http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html

#https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html

# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28):

# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time

#

# year-round base in the main continent

# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11

# <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)

# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)

#

# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.

# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.