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Support {lua,xe}tex as alternative usetex engine.#29807

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@anntzeranntzer commentedMar 25, 2025
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Currently, this PR is mostly a proof of concept; it only implements the
dvi generation and parsing parts, but does not implement rendering in
any of the builtin backends, except svg (under rcParams["svg.fonttype"]
= "none", the default). However, there is a companion branch on the
mplcairo repository, also named "luadvi", which implements support.

Example (requiring both this PR, and mplcairo installed from its luadvi
branch; or try saving to svg with the builtin svg backend):

importmatplotlibasmpl;mpl.use("module://mplcairo.qt")frommatplotlibimportpyplotaspltplt.rcParams["text.latex.engine"]="lualatex"# or "xelatex"plt.rcParams["text.latex.preamble"]= (# {lua,xe}tex can use any font installed on the system, spec'd using its# "normal" name.  Try e.g. DejaVu Sans instead.r"\usepackage{fontspec}\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Pagella}")plt.figtext(.5,.5,r"\textrm{gff\textwon}",usetex=True)plt.show()

TODO:

  • Fix many likely remaining bugs.
  • Rework font selection in texmanager, which is currently very ad-hoc
    due to the limited number of fonts supported by latex.
  • Implement rendering support in the (other) builtin backends. In
    particular, the Agg (and, if we care, cairo) backend will require
    significant reworking because dvipng, currently used to rasterize dvi
    to png, doesn't support luatex-generated dvi; instead we will need to
    proceed as with the other backends, reading the glyphs one at a time
    from the dvi file and rasterizing them one at a time to the output
    buffer. Working on the other backends is not very high on my priority
    list (as I already have mplcairo as playground...) so it would be nice
    if others showed some interest for it :-)

See#20262,#22715,#28131.

PR summary

PR checklist

@anntzeranntzer changed the titleSupport luatex as alternative usetex engine.Support {lua,xe}tex as alternative usetex engine.Mar 26, 2025
@anntzeranntzerforce-pushed theluadvi branch 2 times, most recently from4d488f4 to697d106CompareMarch 26, 2025 23:42
@anntzeranntzerforce-pushed theluadvi branch 3 times, most recently fromff9ecdd to4f93376CompareMarch 27, 2025 22:39
@anntzeranntzerforce-pushed theluadvi branch 2 times, most recently from85a73b8 tof1b16f2CompareMarch 28, 2025 10:48
@anntzeranntzerforce-pushed theluadvi branch 2 times, most recently fromc134a34 toccf927cCompareMarch 30, 2025 13:49
Currently, this PR is mostly a proof of concept; only the svg backendis supported (under rcParams["svg.fonttype"] = "none", the default).However, there is a companion branch on the mplcairo repository, alsonamed "luadvi", which implements support for all output formats.Example (requiring both this PR, and mplcairo installed from its luadvibranch):```import matplotlib as mpl; mpl.use("module://mplcairo.qt")from matplotlib import pyplot as pltplt.rcParams["text.latex.engine"] = "lualatex"  # or "xelatex"plt.rcParams["text.latex.preamble"] = (    # {lua,xe}tex can use any font installed on the system, spec'd using its    # "normal" name.  Try e.g. DejaVu Sans instead.    r"\usepackage{fontspec}\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Pagella}")plt.figtext(.5, .5, r"\textrm{gff\textwon}", usetex=True)plt.show()```Font effects are supported by mplcairo, e.g.`\fontspec{DejaVu Sans}[FakeSlant=0.2] abc`.TODO:- Fix many likely remaining bugs.- Rework font selection in texmanager, which is currently very ad-hoc  due to the limited number of fonts supported by latex.- Implement rendering support in the (other) builtin backends.  In  particular, the Agg (and, if we care, cairo) backend will require  significant reworking because dvipng, currently used to rasterize dvi  to png, doesn't support luatex-generated dvi; instead we will need to  proceed as with the other backends, reading the glyphs one at a time  from the dvi file and rasterizing them one at a time to the output  buffer.  Working on the other backends is not very high on my priority  list (as I already have mplcairo as playground...) so it would be nice  if others showed some interest for it :-)
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