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Merge pull request#28587 from martinosorb/dark-divergent

Added dark-mode diverging colormaps

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doc/users/next_whats_new
- diverging_colormaps.rst
galleries
- examples/color
  - colormap_reference.py
- users_explain/colors
  - colormaps.py
lib/matplotlib
- _cm_listed.py

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	`1`	`+Dark-mode diverging colormaps`
	`2`	`+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~`
	`3`	`+`
	`4`	`+Three diverging colormaps have been added: "berlin", "managua", and "vanimo".`
	`5`	`+They are dark-mode diverging colormaps, with minimum lightness at the center,`
	`6`	`+and maximum at the extremes. These are taken from F. Crameri's Scientific`
	`7`	`+colour maps version 8.0.1 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862).`
	`8`	`+`
	`9`	`+`
	`10`	`+..plot::`
	`11`	`+:include-source: true`
	`12`	`+:alt: Example figures using "imshow" with dark-mode diverging colormaps on positive and negative data. First panel: "berlin" (blue to red with a black center); second panel: "managua" (orange to cyan with a dark purple center); third panel: "vanimo" (pink to green with a black center).`
	`13`	`+`
	`14`	`+ import numpy as np`
	`15`	`+ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt`
	`16`	`+`
	`17`	`+ vals = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)`
	`18`	`+ x, y = np.meshgrid(vals, vals)`
	`19`	`+ img = np.sin(x*y)`
	`20`	`+`
	`21`	`+ _, ax = plt.subplots(1, 3)`
	`22`	`+ ax[0].imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.berlin)`
	`23`	`+ ax[1].imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.managua)`
	`24`	`+ ax[2].imshow(img, cmap=plt.cm.vanimo)`

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`@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@`
`29`	`29`	`'hot','afmhot','gist_heat','copper']),`
`30`	`30`	`('Diverging', [`
`31`	`31`	`'PiYG','PRGn','BrBG','PuOr','RdGy','RdBu',`
`32`		`-'RdYlBu','RdYlGn','Spectral','coolwarm','bwr','seismic']),`
	`32`	`+'RdYlBu','RdYlGn','Spectral','coolwarm','bwr','seismic',`
	`33`	`+'berlin','managua','vanimo']),`
`33`	`34`	`('Cyclic', ['twilight','twilight_shifted','hsv']),`
`34`	`35`	`('Qualitative', [`
`35`	`36`	`'Pastel1','Pastel2','Paired','Accent',`

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`@@ -175,10 +175,15 @@ def plot_color_gradients(category, cmap_list):`
`175`	`175`	# equal minimum :math:`L^*` values at opposite ends of the colormap. By these
`176`	`176`	`# measures, BrBG and RdBu are good options. coolwarm is a good option, but it`
`177`	`177`	# doesn't span a wide range of :math:`L^*` values (see grayscale section below).
	`178`	`+#`
	`179`	`+# Berlin, Managua, and Vanimo are dark-mode diverging colormaps, with minimum`
	`180`	`+# lightness at the center, and maximum at the extremes. These are taken from`
	`181`	`+# F. Crameri's [scientific colour maps]_ version 8.0.1.`
`178`	`182`
`179`	`183`	`plot_color_gradients('Diverging',`
`180`	`184`	`['PiYG','PRGn','BrBG','PuOr','RdGy','RdBu','RdYlBu',`
`181`		`-'RdYlGn','Spectral','coolwarm','bwr','seismic'])`
	`185`	`+'RdYlGn','Spectral','coolwarm','bwr','seismic',`
	`186`	`+'berlin','managua','vanimo'])`
`182`	`187`
`183`	`188`	`# %%`
`184`	`189`	`# Cyclic`
`@@ -441,3 +446,4 @@ def plot_color_gradients(cmap_category, cmap_list):`
`441`	`446`	`# .. [colorblindness] http://www.color-blindness.com/`
`442`	`447`	`# .. [IBM] https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480803`
`443`	`448`	`# .. [turbo] https://ai.googleblog.com/2019/08/turbo-improved-rainbow-colormap-for.html`
	`449`	`+# .. [scientific colour maps] https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243862`

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