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Global Earthquake Impact Database

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GEM Foundation

🔎 Global Earthquake Impact Database (GEID)

The development of probabilistic seismic risk assessment (PSRA) models requires stress-testingthe various components of the models, often through the assessment of damage and lossesconsidering the characteristics of past events1. In this context, the GEM Foundation andits partners have expanded the OpenQuake scenario damage and loss calculator to use directlyUSGS ShakeMaps234, or earthquake data from other providers (e.g., INGV, EFEHR) or thescientific literature. This functionality allows users to generate cross-correlated groundmotion fields considering recordings from seismic stations5, to compute a number ofrisk metrics based on different rupture solutions and ground motion models, and to compare theresults against past observations and damage reports. An overview of the functionalities implementedwithin the OpenQuake engine can be found atgem/oq-engine#8317.

✨ Overview

The Global Earthquake Impact Database (GEID) aims to provide both earthquake and impact datafor users to perform earthquake scenarios using GEM or their own models for validationand verification purposes. This database serves as a complement to theUSGS ShakeMap Atlas and AtlasCat.The former resource has ShakeMaps for a comprehensive catalogue of nearly allnear-damaging and damaging events worldwide for the past 120 years and can be used directlyfor impact assessment within the OpenQuake engine4. The latter provides aggregate lossesfor each event separated by cause. The GEID builds upon these sources of data by collecting additionalearthquake and impact information, often documented spatially and with greater detail.

The v2023.0.0 release for the Global Earthquake Impact Database (GEID) is available! 🥳 🚀

GEID events

This database is open and aims at being a community effort, that enables users to add new events(seecontributing guidelines) or to provide additional data toexisting entries. We aim to continue expanding the GEID by leveraging on data often collected withinthe scope of GEM projects, as well as data previously collected as part of theGEM Earthquake Consequences Database.

🗺️ Database coverage

The database is compatible with GEM's Global Models, and the folders are organized according to regions and countries/territories, as specified in the map and table below.

World regions

🌍 Regions, countries and territories
REGIONCOUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
AfricaAlgeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Caribbean_Central_AmericaAnguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands
Central_AsiaKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
East_AsiaChina, Hong_Kong, Japan, Macao, North_Korea, South_Korea, Taiwan
EuropeAlbania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia_and_Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle_of_Man, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North_Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United_Kingdom
Middle_EastAfghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi_Arabia, Syria, United_Arab_Emirates, Yemen
North_AmericaCanada, Mexico, United_States_of_America
North_AsiaMongolia, Russia
OceaniaAmerican_Samoa, Australia, Cook_Islands, Fiji, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall_Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New_Caledonia, New_Zealand, Niue, Northern_Mariana_Islands, Palau, Papua_New_Guinea, Samoa, Solomon_Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
South_AmericaArgentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
South_AsiaAfghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka
Southeast_AsiaBrunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam

The following events are available, with a global summary of impact data available in theWorld folder.

List with available events
RegionCountryYearEvent NameMwDepth (km)Max Intensity (MMI)
0AfricaAlgeria2003Boumerdes 20036.812IX-X
1AfricaBotswana2017Moijabana 20176.4623.5VIII
2AfricaEgypt1992Cairo 19925.821.5VIII
3AfricaMalawi1989Salima6.2728.2VIII
4AfricaMalawi2009Karonga66VII
5AfricaMorocco2004AlHoceima 20046.312.2IX
6AfricaMorocco2023MarrakeshSafi 20236.819VIII
7AfricaTanzania2016Bukoba 20165.940VII
8Caribbean Central AmericaCosta Rica1991Limon7.610VIII
9Caribbean Central AmericaCosta Rica2009Cinchona6.24.6IX in Cinchona e Isla Bonita
10Caribbean Central AmericaCosta Rica2012Nicoya7.615.4VII
11Caribbean Central AmericaCosta Rica2017Puntarenas 20176.522VIII
12Caribbean Central AmericaEl Salvador2001Subduction 20017.739VIII
13Caribbean Central AmericaEl Salvador2001San Vicente 20016.613VIII
14Caribbean Central AmericaHaiti2010Haiti713IX
15Caribbean Central AmericaHaiti2021Haiti7.210VIII
16East AsiaJapan1995Kobe 19956.921.9IX
17East AsiaJapan2011Tōhoku 20119.129VIII
18East AsiaJapan2016Kumamoto 2016710IX
19East AsiaJapan2018Osaka 20185.510.3VIII
20East AsiaJapan2018HokkaidoEasternIburi 20186.635X
21East AsiaJapan2019Yamagata 20196.412VII
22EuropeAlbania2019Durres6.422VIII
23EuropeCroatia2020Zagreb 20205.310VIII
24EuropeCroatia2020Petrijna 20206.410IX
25EuropeCyprus1996Cyprus6.833VI
26EuropeGreece1981GulfofCorinth 19816.433IX
27EuropeGreece1981GulfofCorinth 19816.733IX
28EuropeGreece1981GulfofCorinth 19816.733IX
29EuropeGreece1986Kalamata 1986611.2VIII
30EuropeGreece1988Elia 19885.925.2VII
31EuropeGreece1995Aigio 19956.514.2VIII
32EuropeGreece1995KozaniGrevena 19956.614VIII
33EuropeGreece1999Athens 1999610IX
34EuropeGreece2014Kefalonia 20146.18VII
35EuropeGreece2014Kefalonia 20146.18VIII
36EuropeGreece2014Kefalonia 201465VII
37EuropeGreece2015Lefkada 20156.511VIII
38EuropeGreece2017AegeanSea 20176.312VII
39EuropeIceland2000Iceland 20006.510IX
40EuropeIceland2000Iceland6.510VIII
41EuropeIceland2008Iceland 20086.39VIII
42EuropeItaly1980Irpinia 19806.910X
43EuropeItaly1990Augusta 19905.611.1VIII
44EuropeItaly1997UmbriaMarche 1997610VIII
45EuropeItaly1997UmbriaMarche 19975.510VII
46EuropeItaly1997UmbriaMarche 19975.710VIII
47EuropeItaly1997UmbriaMarche 19975.710X
48EuropeItaly2002Molise 20025.910VIII
49EuropeItaly2002Molise 20025.810VII
50EuropeItaly2002Molise 20025.910VII
51EuropeItaly2004Gardone 20045.117.2VIII
52EuropeItaly2009Laquila 20095.515.1VI
53EuropeItaly2009Laquila 20096.38.8X
54EuropeItaly2009Laquila 20096.38.8VIII
55EuropeItaly2012EmiliaRomagna 201266.3VIII
56EuropeItaly2012EmiliaRomagna 201266.3VIII
57EuropeItaly2012EmiliaRomagna 20125.810.2VIII
58EuropeItaly2016CentralItaly6.64.44IX
59EuropeItaly2016CentralItaly 20166.68IX
60EuropeItaly2016CentralItaly 20166.110VIII
61EuropeItaly2016CentralItaly 20166.24.44IX
62EuropeItaly2017CentralItaly 20175.77VII
63EuropeNetherlands1992Roermond 19925.421.2VIII
64EuropeRomania1990Vrancea 1990789.3VIII
65EuropeRomania1990Vrancea 1990789.3VIII
66EuropeRomania1990Vrancea 19906.388.2V
67EuropeSerbia2010Kraljevo5.50.9VI
68EuropeSpain2011Lorca 20115.11VI
69EuropeTurkey1992Erzincan6.727.2VIII
70EuropeTurkey1995Dinar6.433VIII
71EuropeTurkey1998AdanaCeyhan 19986.333VIII
72EuropeTurkey1999Izmit7.617X
73EuropeTurkey1999Duzce 19997.210IX
74EuropeTurkey2011Van 20117.118VIII
75EuropeTurkey2020AegeanSea 2020721VIII
76EuropeTurkey2023CentralTurkey 20237.810XII
77Middle EastIran1978Tabas7.333IX
78Middle EastIran1990Manjil-Rudbar7.418.5IX
79Middle EastIran1997Golestan6.110VIII
80Middle EastIran1997Qayen7.210IX
81Middle EastIran2003Bam6.610IX
82Middle EastIran2005Zarand6.514VIII
83Middle EastIran2012Ahar-Varzaghan6.212VIII
84Middle EastIran2012Ahar-Varzaghan6.411VII
85Middle EastIran2012Ahar-Varzaghan6.411VII
86Middle EastIran2017Sarpole-Zahab7.318.1IX
87North AmericaMexico1985Mexico Michoacan8.115VII
88North AmericaMexico1999Oaxaca 19997.439VIII
89North AmericaMexico2017Puebla 20177.151.2VIII
90North AmericaMexico2017Chiapas 20178.245.9VII
91North AmericaMexico2020Oaxaca 20207.422.6VIII
92North AmericaMexico2021Guerrero 20217.110VIII
93OceaniaAustralia1989Newcastle5.410VIII
94OceaniaNew Zealand2010Canterbury 2010712VIII
95OceaniaNew Zealand2011Christchurch 20116.15.9IX
96South AmericaChile1960Valdivia 19609.525IX
97South AmericaChile2010Maule 20108.830VIII
98South AmericaChile2014Iquique 20148.238.9VIII
99South AmericaChile2015Illapel 20158.322.44VIII
100South AmericaColombia1983Popayán 19835.615VIII
101South AmericaColombia1994Cacua 19946.810IX
102South AmericaColombia1999Armenia 19996.115IX
103South AmericaColombia2004Pizarro 20047.215VIII
104South AmericaColombia2008Quetame 20085.910VII
105South AmericaColombia2023El Calvario6.110VII
106South AmericaEcuador2016Pedernales 20167.817IX
107South AmericaPeru2007Pisco 20077.940VIII
108South AsiaIndia2011Sikkim 20116.950VIII
109South AsiaNepal2015Gorkha 20157.88.22IX
110South AsiaPakistan2005Kashmir7.626IX
111Southeast AsiaIndonesia2006Yogyakarta6.412.5VIII
112Southeast AsiaIndonesia2009Padang7.681VIII

🚀 Model versions

Each version of the archive that is released can be accessed by changing from themain branch to thetag of a given version.Themain branch could contain the work-in-progress of the next version of the model.

VersionRelease Notes
v2023.0.0First release with 100 earthquake scenario events.

🌟 Contributors

The authors are grateful for the input from dozens of collaborators.

License

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

🤔 Frequently asked questions

How to contribute?

You can follow the instructions indicated in thecontributing guidelines.

Which version am I seeing? How to change the version?

By default, you will see the files in the repository in themain branch. Each version of the model that is released can be accessed is marked with atag. By changing the tag version at the top of the repository, you can see the files for a given version.

Note that themain branch could contain the work-in-progress of the next version of the model.

How do I download the data for a given version?

For each version, a related zip file is available in therelease section.

References

Footnotes

  1. Villar-Vega, M., Silva, V. (2017). Assessment of earthquake damage considering the characteristics of past events in South America. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 99:86-96.

  2. Silva V, Horspool N (2019). Combining USGS ShakeMaps and the OpenQuake engine for damage and loss assessment. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 48(6):634-652.

  3. Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., Hearne, M. G., & Wald, D. J. (2020). ShakeMap Manual Online: technical manual, user’s guide, and software guide, U. S. Geological Survey. URL:http://usgs.github.io/shakemap/. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5066/F7D21VPQ.

  4. Wald, D. J., Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., & Hearne, M. G. (2022). ShakeMap operations, policies, and procedures. Earthquake Spectra, 38(1), 756–777. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930211030298.2

  5. Engler, D. T., Worden, C. B., Thompson, E. M., & Jaiswal, K. S. (2022). Partitioning Ground Motion Uncertainty When Conditioned on Station Data. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 112(2), 1060–1079. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1785/0120210177.


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