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coFAST is a spatially-aware cell clustering algorithm with cluster significant assessment. It comprises four key modules: spatially-aware cell-gene co-embedding, cell clustering, signature gene identification, and cluster significant assessment.

Check out our ourCell paper, andPackage Website for a more complete description of the methods and analyses.

Once the coembeddings of dataset are estimated by coFAST, the package provides functionality for further data exploration,analysis, and visualization. Users can:

• Conduct Spatially-aware clustering
• Find the signature genes
• Visuzlize the coembeddings on UMAP space
• Visuzlize the signature genes on UMAP space

Please see our new paper for more details:

• Peng Xie^c, Juan Shen^c, Yi Yang^c, Xinrui Wang^c, Wei Liu^c, Hailong Cao^c, Yanying Zheng, Chen Wu, Guangyao Mao, Linjin Chen, Jingjing He, Weiheng Zheng, Zepu Yang, Xiao Zhang, Xu Jiang, Xianfa Yang, Ke Fang, Zhao Zhang, Xin Xue, Xueting Chen, Chaoyi Wang, Xing Liu, Lin Liu, Xuebiao Yao, Naihe Jing, Wei Xie, Jin Liu*, Hua Cao*, Zhuojuan Luo*, Xiaodong Fang*, Chengqi Lin* (2025), Digital reconstruction of full embryos during early mouse organogenesis. Cell.

"coFAST" depends on the 'Rcpp' and 'RcppArmadillo' package, which requires appropriate setup of computer. For the users that have set up system properly for compiling C++ files, the following installation command will work.

if (!require("remotes", quietly = TRUE))install.packages("remotes")remotes::install_github("feiyoung/coFAST")

Or install the the packages "coFAST" from 'CRAN'

install.packages("coFAST")

If some dependent packages (such asscater) on Bioconductor can not be installed nomrally, use following commands, then run abouve command.

if (!require("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE)) ## install BiocManager    install.packages("BiocManager")

install the package on Bioconducter

BiocManager::install(c("scater"))

For usage examples and guided walkthroughs, check thevignettes directory of the repo.

Tutorials for coFAST method:

• SRT data analysis for NSCLC

For the users that don't have set up system properly, the following setup on different systems can be referred.

First, downloadRtools; second, add the Rtools directory to the environment variable.

First, install Xcode. Installation about Xcode can be referredhere.

Second, install "gfortran" for compiling C++ and Fortran athere.

If you use conda environment on Linux system and some dependent packages (such asscater) can not normally installed, you can search R package at anaconda.org website. We take thescater package as example, and its search result ishttps://anaconda.org/bioconda/bioconductor-scater. Then you can install it in conda environment by following command.

conda install -c bioconda bioconductor-scater

For the user not using conda environment, if dependent packages (such asscater) not normally installed are in Bioconductor, then use the following command to install the dependent packages.

install BiocManager

if (!require("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))    install.packages("BiocManager")

install the package on Bioconducter

BiocManager::install(c("scater"))

If dependent packages (such asDR.SC) not normally installed are in CRAN, then use the following command to install the dependent packages.

install the package on CRAN

install.packages("DR.SC")

• When using functioncoembedding_umap(), user may meet the error: "useNames = NA is defunct. Instead, specify either useNames = TRUE or useNames = FALSE".Because thematrixStats R package remove the argument "useNames=NA" and change the warning to error. Thus, user can install the old version ofmatrixStats by the following code

all old versions that are less than 1.1.0 are ok.here we take the version 1.1.0 as an example.

remotes::install_version('matrixStats', version='1.1.0')

For an example of typical coFAST usage, please see ourPackage Website for a demonstration and overview of the functions included in coFAST.

• coFAST version 0.2.0 (2025-12-14):Resolve the issue stemming from the deprecatedslot parameter in theGetAssayData() function within theSeuratObject package.

• coFAST version 0.1.0 (2025-03-14)