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Functional HTTP client for Elixir with support for HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 🌱
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elixir-mint/mint
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Functional, low-level HTTP client for Elixir with support for HTTP/1 and HTTP/2.
To install Mint, add it to yourmix.exs file:
defpdepsdo[{:mint,"~> 1.0"}]end
Then, run:
mix deps.get
Mint is different from most Erlang and Elixir HTTP clients because it provides aprocess-less architecture. Instead, Mint is based on a functional and immutable data structure that represents an HTTP connection. This data structure wraps a TCP or SSL socket. This allows for more fine-tailored architectures where the developer is responsible for wrapping the connection struct, such as having one process handle multiple connections or having different kinds of processes handle connections. You can think of Mint as:gen_tcp and:ssl, but with an understanding of the HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/2 protocols.
Let's see an example of a basic interaction with Mint. First, we start a connection throughMint.HTTP.connect/3:
iex>{:ok,conn}=Mint.HTTP.connect(:http,"httpbin.org",80)
This transparently chooses between HTTP/1 and HTTP/2. Then, we can send requests with:
iex>{:ok,conn,request_ref}=Mint.HTTP.request(conn,"GET","/",[],"")
The connection socket runs inactive mode (withactive: :once), which means that the user of the library needs to handleTCP messages andSSL messages:
iex>flush(){:tcp,#Port<0.8>,"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"<>_}
Users are not supposed to examine these messages. Instead, Mint provides astream/2 function that turns messages into HTTP responses. Mint streams responses back to the user in parts through response parts such as:status,:headers,:data, and:done.
iex>{:ok,conn}=Mint.HTTP.connect(:https,"httpbin.org",443)iex>{:ok,conn,request_ref}=Mint.HTTP.request(conn,"GET","/",[],"")iex>receivedo...>message->...>{:ok,conn,responses}=Mint.HTTP.stream(conn,message)...>IO.inspect(responses)...>end[{:status,#Reference<...>, 200},{:headers,#Reference<...>, [{"connection", "keep-alive"}, ...},{:data,#Reference<...>, "<!DOCTYPE html>..."},{:done,#Reference<...>}]
In the example above, we get all the responses as a single SSL message, but that might not always be the case. This means thatMint.HTTP.stream/2 might not always return responses.
The connection API isstateless, which means that you need to make sure to always save the connection that functions return:
# Wrong ❌{:ok,_conn,ref}=Mint.HTTP.request(conn,"GET","/foo",[],""){:ok,conn,ref}=Mint.HTTP.request(conn,"GET","/bar",[],"")# Correct ✅{:ok,conn,ref}=Mint.HTTP.request(conn,"GET","/foo",[],""){:ok,conn,ref}=Mint.HTTP.request(conn,"GET","/bar",[],"")
For more information, seethe documentation.
When using SSL, you can pass in your own CA certificate store. If one is not provided, Mint will use the one in your system, as long as you are using Erlang/OTP 25+. If none of these conditions are true, just add:castore to your dependencies.
defpdepsdo[# ...,{:castore,"~> 1.0.0"},{:mint,"~> 0.4.0"}]end
Mint itself does not support the WebSocket protocol, but it can be used as the foundation to build a WebSocket client on top of. If you need WebSocket support, you can usemint_web_socket.
Mint is a low-level client. If you need higher-level features such as connection management, pooling, metrics, and more, check outFinch, a project built on top of Mint that provides those things.
If you wish to contribute, check out theissue list and let us know what you want to work on, so that we can discuss it and reduce duplicate work.
Tests are organized with tags. Integration tests that hit real websites over the internet are tagged with:requires_internet_connection. Proxy tests are tagged with:proxy (excluded by default) and require that you start local proxy instance through Docker Compose (or Podman Compose) from the Mint root directory in order to run.
If you encounter{:error, %Mint.TransportError{reason: :nxdomain}} error during the integration test, this suggests your DNS-based adblocker (self-hosted or VPN) might be blocking social media sites used in the integration test cases.
Here are a few examples of running tests:
Run all default tests which including:requires_internet_connection except:proxy:
mixtestLocal tests, if you don't have an Internet connection available:
mixtest --exclude requires_internet_connectionRun all tests:
DOCKER_USER="$UID:$GID" docker compose up --detach# or podman-compose up --detachmixtest --include proxy
Copyright 2018 Eric Meadows-Jönsson and Andrea Leopardi
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwaredistributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.See the License for the specific language governing permissions andlimitations under the License.
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Functional HTTP client for Elixir with support for HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 🌱