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LEAF is a simulator for analytical modeling of energy consumption in cloud, fog, or edge computing environments.It enables the modeling of simple tasks running on a single node as well as complex application graphs in distributed, heterogeneous, and resource-constrained infrastructures.LEAF is based onSimPy for discrete-event simulation andNetworkX for modeling infrastructure or application graphs.

Please have a look at outexamples and visit the officialdocumentation for more information on this project.

This Python implementation was ported from theoriginal Java protoype.All future development will take place in this repository.

You can install thelatest release of LEAF viapip:

$ pip install leafsim

Alternatively, you can also clone the repository (including all examples) and set up your environment via:

$ pip install -e .

LEAF usesSimPy for process-based discrete-event simulation and adheres to their API.To understand how to develop scenarios in LEAF, it makes sense to familiarize yourself with SimPy first.

importsimpyfromleaf.applicationimportTaskfromleaf.infrastructureimportNodefromleaf.powerimportPowerModelNode,PowerMeter# Processes modify the model during the simulationdefplace_task_after_2_seconds(env,node,task):"""Waits for 2 seconds and places a task on a node."""yieldenv.timeout(2)task.allocate(node)node=Node("node1",cu=100,power_model=PowerModelNode(max_power=30,static_power=10))task=Task(cu=100)power_meter=PowerMeter(node,callback=lambdam:print(f"{env.now}: Node consumes{int(m)}W"))env=simpy.Environment()# register our task placement processenv.process(place_task_after_2_seconds(env,node,task))# register power metering process (provided by LEAF)env.process(power_meter.run(env))env.run(until=5)

Which will result in the output:

0: Node consumes 10W1: Node consumes 10W2: Node consumes 30W3: Node consumes 30W4: Node consumes 30W

For other examples, please refer to theexamples folder.

LEAF enables high-level simulation of computing scenarios, where experiments are easy to create and easy to analyze.Besides allowing research on scheduling and placement algorithms on resource-constrained environments, LEAF puts a special focus on:

• Dynamic networks: Simulate mobile nodes which can join or leave the network during the simulation.
• Power consumption modeling: Model the power usage of individual compute nodes, network traffic, and applications.
• Energy-aware algorithms: Implement dynamically adapting task placement strategies, routing policies, and other energy-saving mechanisms.
• Scalability: Model the execution of thousands of compute nodes and applications in magnitudes faster than real time.

Please visit the officialdocumentation for more information and examples on this project.

If you use LEAF in your research, please cite our paper:

Philipp Wiesner and Lauritz Thamsen. "LEAF: Simulating Large Energy-Aware Fog Computing Environments" In the Proceedings of the 20215th IEEE International Conference on Fog and Edge Computing (ICFEC). IEEE. 2021[arXiv preprint][video]

Bibtex:

@inproceedings{WiesnerThamsen_LEAF_2021,  author={Wiesner, Philipp and Thamsen, Lauritz},  booktitle={2021 IEEE 5th International Conference on Fog and Edge Computing (ICFEC)},   title={{LEAF}: Simulating Large Energy-Aware Fog Computing Environments},   year={2021},  pages={29-36},  doi={10.1109/ICFEC51620.2021.00012}}

• Shivani Tripathi, Praveen Kumar, Priyadarshni Gupta, Rajiv Misra, and T.N. Singh. "Workload Shifting Based on Low Carbon Intensity Periods: A Framework for Reducing Carbon Emissions in Cloud Computing".2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). IEEE. 2023.
• Rui Zhang, Xuesen Chu, Ruhui Ma, Meng Zhang, Liwei Lin, Honghao Gao, and Haibing Guan. "OSTTD: Offloading of Splittable Tasks with Topological Dependence in Multi-Tier Computing Networks".IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2022.
• Zizheng Liu. "A Web-Based User Interface for the LEAF Simulator".MSc IT+ Dissertation at U of Glasgow. 2022 [code]
• Yana Kernerman. "Interactive Visualization of Energy Consumption in Edge and Fog Computing Simulations".Bachelor Thesis at TU Berlin. 2022 [code]
• Sangeeta Kakati and Rupa Deka. "Computational and Adaptive Offloading in Edge/Fog based IoT Environments."2nd International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT). IEEE. 2022
• Philipp Wiesner, Ilja Behnke, Dominik Scheinert, Kordian Gontarska, and Lauritz Thamsen. "Let's Wait Awhile: How Temporal Workload Shifting Can Reduce Carbon Emissions in the Cloud".22nd International Middleware Conference. ACM. 2021 [code]
• Liam Brugger. "An Evaluation of Carbon-Aware Load Shifting Techniques".Bachelor Thesis at TU Berlin. 2021 [code]