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DQN policy	Strategically-timed attack	Uniform attack	Adversarial training

This repository implements some classic adversarial attack methods for deep reinforcement learning agents including (drl_attacks/):

• Uniform attack [link].
• Strategical timed attack [link].
• Critical point attack [link].
• Critical strategy attack.
• Adversarial policy attack [link].

It is also available the following RL-defense method (drl_defenses/):

• Adversarial training [link].

Are provided also some image-defense methods (img_defenses/):

• JPEG conversion [link].
• Bit squeezing [link].
• Image smoothing [link].

Most of this project is based on the RL frameworktianshou based on Pytorch. Image adversarial attacks and defenses are implemented withadvertorch, also based on Pytorch. A2C and PPO policies are instead based onpytorch-a2c-ppo-acktr-gail, DQN uses the tianshou implementation. Any image adversarial attacks is compatible with this project.

It also makes available trained models for different tasks which can be found in the folderlog. The following table reports their average score for three different algorithms: DQN, A2C and PPO.

Defended models are saved in the folderlog_def. The average reward is reported as X/Y where X is the reward underclear observations and Y is the reward under adversarial observations generated with uniform attack.

The following table shows thesucceed ratio of some commonimage adversarial attacks methods attacking observations taken from different Atari games environment. (U) and (T) mean that attacks have been performed underuntargeted andtargeted settings respectively. The victim agent is a PPO model.

• GSM: Gradient Sign Method (eps=0.01) [link]
• PGDA: Projected Gradient Descent Attack (eps=0.01, iter=100) [link]
• CW: Carlini&Wagner (iter=100) [link]

Before start using this repository, install the required libraries in therequirements.txt file.

  pip install -r requirements.txt"

Train DQN agent to play Pong.

  python atari_dqn.py --task "PongNoFrameskip-v4"

Train A2C agent to play Breakout.

  python atari_a2c_ppo.py --env-name "BreakoutNoFrameskip-v4" --algo a2c

Test DQN agent playing Pong.

  python atari_dqn.py --resume_path "log/PongNoFrameskip-v4/dqn/policy.pth" --watch --test_num 10 --task "PongNoFrameskip-v4"

Test A2C agent playing Breakout.

  python atari_a2c_ppo.py --env-name "BreakoutNoFrameskip-v4" --algo a2c --resume_path "log/BreakoutNoFrameskip-v4/a2c/policy.pth" --watch --test_num 10

Train DQN malicious agent to play Pong minimizing the score.

  python atari_dqn.py --task "PongNoFrameskip-v4" --invert_reward --epoch 1

Defend Pong DQN agent withadversarial training.

 python atari_adversarial_training_dqn.py --task "PongNoFrameskip-v4" --resume_path "log/PongNoFrameskip-v4/dqn/policy.pth" --logdir log_def --eps 0.01 --image_attack fgm

Test defended Pong DQN agent.

python atari_adversarial_training_dqn.py --task "PongNoFrameskip-v4" --resume_path "log_def/PongNoFrameskip-v4/dqn/policy.pth" --eps 0.01 --image_attack fgm --target_model_path log/PongNoFrameskip-v4/dqn/policy.pth --watch --test_num 10

To understand how to perform adversarial attacks refer to theexample.ipynb file and to the benchmark examples contained in the folderbenchmark.Moreover, you can find more command examples in the followingpage.

This section shows the performance of different adversarial attacks methods and their comparison between attacking a DQN agent and 3 surrogate agents: one trained with the same policy and the others trained on a different algorithm.

Uniform	Strategically-timed
Critical point	Adversarial policy

This section shows the performance of different adversarial attacks methods and their comparison between attacking a DQN agent defended withadversarial training and 3 surrogate agents: one trained with the same policy and the others trained on a different algorithm. The model has been adversarially trained with eps=0.1 but we attack it with eps=0.5 to show significant performance degradation.

Uniform	Strategically-timed

Test the performance of different image attacks methods attacking observations of DQN agent defended with different defense methods and attacking over different values of epsilon.Image attacks:

• FGSM [link]
• PGD: Projected Gradient Descent [link]
• MI: Momentum Iterative [link]

FGSM adv training	PGD adv training
JPEG conversion	Bit squeezing

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