Jun 27, 2025 · Jun 23, 2025 · Jun 25, 2025 · Jun 25, 2025 · Jun 25, 2025 · Jun 26, 2025
diff --git a/coderd/rbac/README.md b/coderd/rbac/README.md
    }
 ```

 ## OPA (Open Policy Agent)

 Open Policy Agent (OPA) is an open source tool used to define and enforce policies.
 Policies are written in a high-level, declarative language called Rego.
 Coder’s RBAC rules are defined in the [`policy.rego`](policy.rego) file under the `authz` package.

 When OPA evaluates policies, it binds input data to a global variable called `input`.
 In the `rbac` package, this structured data is defined as JSON and contains the action, object and subject (see `regoInputValue` in [astvalue.go](astvalue.go)).
 OPA evaluates whether the subject is allowed to perform the action on the object across three levels: `site`, `org`, and `user`.
 This is determined by the final rule `allow`, which aggregates the results of multiple rules to decide if the user has the necessary permissions.
 Similarly to the input, OPA produces structured output data, which includes the `allow` variable as part of the evaluation result.
 Authorization succeeds only if `allow` explicitly evaluates to `true`. If no `allow` is returned, it is considered unauthorized.
 To learn more about OPA and Rego, see https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs.

 ### Application and Database Integration

 - [`rbac/authz.go`](authz.go) – Application layer integration: provides the core authorization logic that integrates with Rego for policy evaluation.
 - [`database/dbauthz/dbauthz.go`](../database/dbauthz/dbauthz.go) – Database layer integration: wraps the database layer with authorization checks to enforce access control.

 There are two types of evaluation in OPA:

 - **Full evaluation**: Produces a decision that can be enforced.
 This is the default evaluation mode, where OPA evaluates the policy using `input` data that contains all known values and returns output data with the `allow` variable.
 - **Partial evaluation**: Produces a new policy that can be evaluated later when the _unknowns_ become _known_.
 This is an optimization in OPA where it evaluates as much of the policy as possible without resolving expressions that depend on _unknown_ values from the `input`.
 To learn more about partial evaluation, see this [OPA blog post](https://blog.openpolicyagent.org/partial-evaluation-162750eaf422).

 Application of Full and Partial evaluation in `rbac` package:

 - **Full Evaluation** is handled by the `RegoAuthorizer.Authorize()` method in [`authz.go`](authz.go).
 This method determines whether a subject (user) can perform a specific action on an object.
 It performs a full evaluation of the Rego policy, which returns the `allow` variable to decide whether access is granted (`true`) or denied (`false` or undefined).
 - **Partial Evaluation** is handled by the `RegoAuthorizer.Prepare()` method in [`authz.go`](authz.go).
 This method compiles OPA’s partial evaluation queries into `SQL WHERE` clauses.
 These clauses are then used to enforce authorization directly in database queries, rather than in application code.

 Authorization Patterns:

 - Fetch-then-authorize: an object is first retrieved from the database, and a single authorization check is performed using full evaluation via `Authorize()`.
 - Authorize-while-fetching: Partial evaluation via `Prepare()` is used to inject SQL filters directly into queries, allowing efficient authorization of many objects of the same type.
 `dbauthz` methods that enforce authorization directly in the SQL query are prefixed with `Authorized`, for example, `GetAuthorizedWorkspaces`.

 ## Testing

 You can test outside of golang by using the `opa` cli.
 - OPA Playground: https://play.openpolicyagent.org/
 - OPA CLI (`opa eval`): useful for experimenting with different inputs and understanding how the policy behaves under various conditions.
 `opa eval` returns the constraints that must be satisfied for a rule to evaluate to `true`.
  - `opa eval` requires an `input.json` file containing the input data to run the policy against.
    You can generate this file using the [gen_input.go](../../scripts/rbac-authz/gen_input.go) script.
    Note: the script currently produces a fixed input. You may need to tweak it for your specific use case.

 **Evaluation**
 ### FullEvaluation

 ```bash
 opa eval --format=pretty "data.authz.allow" -d policy.rego -i input.json
 ```

 **Partial Evaluation**
 This command fully evaluates the policy in the `policy.rego` file using the input data from `input.json`, and returns the result of the `allow` variable:

 - `data.authz.allow` accesses the `allow` rule within the `authz` package.
 - `data.authz` on its own would return the entire output object of the package.

 This command answers the question: “Is the user allowed?”

 ### Partial Evaluation

 ```bash
 opa eval --partial --format=pretty 'data.authz.allow' -d policy.rego --unknowns input.object.owner --unknowns input.object.org_owner --unknowns input.object.acl_user_list --unknowns input.object.acl_group_list -i input.json
 ```

 This command performs a partial evaluation of the policy, specifying a set of unknown input parameters.
 The result is a set of partial queries that can be converted into `SQL WHERE` clauses and injected into SQL queries.

 This command answers the question: “What conditions must be met for the user to be allowed?”

 ### Benchmarking

 Benchmark tests to evaluate the performance of full and partial evaluation can be found in `authz_test.go`.
 You can run these tests with the `-bench` flag, for example:

 ```bash
 go test -bench=BenchmarkRBACFilter -run=^$
 ```

 To capture memory and CPU profiles, use the following flags:

 - `-memprofile memprofile.out`
 - `-cpuprofile cpuprofile.out`

 The script [`benchmark_authz.sh`](../../scripts/rbac-authz/benchmark_authz.sh) runs the `authz` benchmark tests on the current Git branch or compares benchmark results between two branches using [`benchstat`](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/perf/cmd/benchstat).
 `benchstat` compares the performance of a baseline benchmark against a new benchmark result and highlights any statistically significant differences.

 - To run benchmark on the current branch:

    ```bash
    benchmark_authz.sh --single
    ```

 - To compare benchmarks between 2 branches:

    ```bash
    benchmark_authz.sh --compare main prebuild_policy
    ```
diff --git a/coderd/rbac/authz_test.go b/coderd/rbac/authz_test.go

 // BenchmarkRBACAuthorize benchmarks the rbac.Authorize method.
 //
 //go test -run=^$ -bench BenchmarkRBACAuthorize -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
 //go test -run=^$ -bench'^BenchmarkRBACAuthorize$' -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
 func BenchmarkRBACAuthorize(b *testing.B) {
 benchCases, user, orgs := benchmarkUserCases()
 users := append([]uuid.UUID{},
 // BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups benchmarks the rbac.Authorize method and leverages
 // groups for authorizing rather than the permissions/roles.
 //
 //go test -bench BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
 //go test -bench'^BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups$' -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
 func BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups(b *testing.B) {
 benchCases, user, orgs := benchmarkUserCases()
 users := append([]uuid.UUID{},

 // BenchmarkRBACFilter benchmarks the rbac.Filter method.
 //
 //go test -bench BenchmarkRBACFilter -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
 //go test -bench'^BenchmarkRBACFilter$' -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
 func BenchmarkRBACFilter(b *testing.B) {
 benchCases, user, orgs := benchmarkUserCases()
 users := append([]uuid.UUID{},
diff --git a/coderd/rbac/policy.rego b/coderd/rbac/policy.rego
 #    different code branches based on the org_owner. 'num's value does, but
 #    that is the whole point of partial evaluation.

 # bool_flip lets you assign a value to an inverted bool.
 # bool_flip(b) returns the logical negation of a boolean value 'b'.
 # You cannot do 'x := !false', but you can do 'x := bool_flip(false)'
 bool_flip(b) :=flipped if {
 bool_flip(b) :=false if {
 b
 flipped = false
 }

 bool_flip(b) :=flipped if {
 bool_flip(b) :=true if {
 not b
 flipped = true
 }

 # number is a quick way to get a set of {true, false} and convert it to
 #  -1: {false, true} or {false}
 #   0: {}
 #   1: {true}
 number(set) := c if {
 count(set) == 0
 c := 0
 }
 # number(set) maps a set of boolean values to one of the following numbers:
 #  -1: deny (if 'false' value is in the set)=> set is {true, false} or {false}
 #   0: no decision (if the set is empty)=> set is {}
 #   1: allow (if only 'true' values are in the set)=> set is {true}

 number(set) := c if {
 # Return -1 if the set contains any 'false' value (i.e., an explicit deny)
 number(set) := -1 if {
 false in set
 c := -1
 }

 number(set) := c if {
 # Return 0 if the set is empty (no matching permissions)
 number(set) := 0 if {
 count(set) == 0
 }

 # Return 1 if the set is non-empty and contains no 'false' values (i.e., only allows)
 number(set) := 1 if {
 not false in set
 set[_]
 c := 1
 }

 # site, org, and user rules are all similar. Each rule should return a number
 # from [-1, 1]. The number corresponds to "negative", "abstain", and "positive"
 # for the given level. See the 'allow' rules for how these numbers are used.
 default site := 0
 # Permission evaluation is structured into three levels: site, org, and user.
 # For each level, two variables are computed:
 #   - <level>: the decision based on the subject's full set of roles for that level
 #   - scope_<level>: the decision based on the subject's scoped roles for that level
 #
 # Each of these variables is assigned one of three values:
 #   -1 => negative (deny)
 #    0 => abstain (no matching permission)
 #    1 => positive (allow)
 #
 # These values are computed by calling the corresponding <level>_allow functions.
 # The final decision is derived from combining these values (see 'allow' rule).

 # -------------------
 # Site Level Rules
 # -------------------

 default site := 0
 site := site_allow(input.subject.roles)

 default scope_site := 0

 scope_site := site_allow([input.subject.scope])

 # site_allow receives a list of roles and returns a single number:
 #  -1 if any matching permission denies access
 #   1 if there's at least one allow and no denies
 #   0 if there are no matching permissions
 site_allow(roles) := num if {
 # allow is a set of boolean valueswithoutduplicates.
 allow := {x |
 # allow is a set of boolean values(sets don't containduplicates)
 allow := {is_allowed |
 # Iterate over all site permissions in all roles
 perm := roles[_].site[_]
 perm.action in [input.action, "*"]
 perm.resource_type in [input.object.type, "*"]

 #x is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
 x := bool_flip(perm.negate)
 #is_allowed is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
 is_allowed := bool_flip(perm.negate)
 }
 num := number(allow)
 }

 # -------------------
 # Org Level Rules
 # -------------------

 # org_members is the list of organizations the actor is apart of.
 org_members := {orgID |
 input.subject.roles[_].org[orgID]
 }

 # org is the same as 'site' except we need to iterate over each organization
 #'org' is the same as 'site' except we need to iterate over each organization
 # that the actor is a member of.
 default org := 0

 org := org_allow(input.subject.roles)

 default scope_org := 0

 scope_org := org_allow([input.scope])

 # org_allow_set is a helper function that iterates over all orgs that the actor
 org_allow_set(roles) := allow_set if {
 allow_set := {id: num |
 id := org_members[_]
 set := {x |
 set := {is_allowed |
 # Iterate over all org permissions in all roles
 perm := roles[_].org[id][_]
 perm.action in [input.action, "*"]
 perm.resource_type in [input.object.type, "*"]
 x := bool_flip(perm.negate)

 # is_allowed is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
 is_allowed := bool_flip(perm.negate)
 }
 num := number(set)
 }
 not input.object.any_org
 }

 # User is the same as the site, except it only applies if the user owns the object and
 # -------------------
 # User Level Rules
 # -------------------

 # 'user' is the same as 'site', except it only applies if the user owns the object and
 # the user is apart of the org (if the object has an org).
 default user := 0

 user := user_allow(input.subject.roles)

 default user_scope := 0

 default scope_user := 0
 scope_user := user_allow([input.scope])

 user_allow(roles) := num if {
 input.object.owner != ""
 input.subject.id = input.object.owner
 allow := {x |

 allow := {is_allowed |
 # Iterate over all user permissions in all roles
 perm := roles[_].user[_]
 perm.action in [input.action, "*"]
 perm.resource_type in [input.object.type, "*"]
 x := bool_flip(perm.negate)

 # is_allowed is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
 is_allowed := bool_flip(perm.negate)
 }
 num := number(allow)
 }
 input.object.id in input.subject.scope.allow_list
 }

 # The allow block is quite simple. Any set with `-1` cascades down in levels.
 # Authorization looks for any `allow` statement that is true. Multiple can be true!
 # Note that the absence of `allow` means "unauthorized".
 # An explicit `"allow": true` is required.
 #
 # Scope is also applied. The default scope is "wildcard:wildcard" allowing
 # all actions. If the scope is not "1", then the action is not authorized.
 #
 #
 # Allow query:
 # data.authz.role_allow = true data.authz.scope_allow = true
 # -------------------
 # Role-Specific Rules
 # -------------------

 role_allow if {
 site = 1
 user = 1
 }

 # -------------------
 # Scope-Specific Rules
 # -------------------

 scope_allow if {
 scope_allow_list
 scope_site = 1
 scope_user = 1
 }

 # -------------------
 # ACL-Specific Rules
 # Access Control List
 # -------------------

 # ACL for users
 acl_allow if {
 # Should you have to be a member of the org too?
 [input.action, "*"][_] in perms
 }

 ###############
 # -------------------
 # Final Allow
 #
 # The 'allow' block is quite simple. Any set with `-1` cascades down in levels.
 # Authorization looks for any `allow` statement that is true. Multiple can be true!
 # Note that the absence of `allow` means "unauthorized".
 # An explicit `"allow": true` is required.
 #
 # Scope is also applied. The default scope is "wildcard:wildcard" allowing
 # all actions. If the scope is not "1", then the action is not authorized.
 #
 # Allow query:
 #data.authz.role_allow = true
 #data.authz.scope_allow = true
 # -------------------

 # The role or the ACL must allow the action. Scopes can be used to limit,
 # so scope_allow must always be true.

 allow if {
 role_allow
 scope_allow
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -102,18 +102,106 @@ Example of a scope for a workspace agent token, using an `allow_list` containing
		}
		```

		## OPA (Open Policy Agent)

		Open Policy Agent (OPA) is an open source tool used to define and enforce policies.
		Policies are written in a high-level, declarative language called Rego.
		Coder’s RBAC rules are defined in the [`policy.rego`](policy.rego) file under the `authz` package.

		When OPA evaluates policies, it binds input data to a global variable called `input`.
		In the `rbac` package, this structured data is defined as JSON and contains the action, object and subject (see `regoInputValue` in [astvalue.go](astvalue.go)).
		OPA evaluates whether the subject is allowed to perform the action on the object across three levels: `site`, `org`, and `user`.
		This is determined by the final rule `allow`, which aggregates the results of multiple rules to decide if the user has the necessary permissions.
		Similarly to the input, OPA produces structured output data, which includes the `allow` variable as part of the evaluation result.
		Authorization succeeds only if `allow` explicitly evaluates to `true`. If no `allow` is returned, it is considered unauthorized.
		To learn more about OPA and Rego, see https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs.

		### Application and Database Integration

		- [`rbac/authz.go`](authz.go) – Application layer integration: provides the core authorization logic that integrates with Rego for policy evaluation.
		- [`database/dbauthz/dbauthz.go`](../database/dbauthz/dbauthz.go) – Database layer integration: wraps the database layer with authorization checks to enforce access control.

		There are two types of evaluation in OPA:

		- Full evaluation: Produces a decision that can be enforced.
		This is the default evaluation mode, where OPA evaluates the policy using `input` data that contains all known values and returns output data with the `allow` variable.
		- Partial evaluation: Produces a new policy that can be evaluated later when the _unknowns_ become _known_.
		This is an optimization in OPA where it evaluates as much of the policy as possible without resolving expressions that depend on _unknown_ values from the `input`.
		To learn more about partial evaluation, see this [OPA blog post](https://blog.openpolicyagent.org/partial-evaluation-162750eaf422).

		Application of Full and Partial evaluation in `rbac` package:

		- Full Evaluation is handled by the `RegoAuthorizer.Authorize()` method in [`authz.go`](authz.go).
		This method determines whether a subject (user) can perform a specific action on an object.
		It performs a full evaluation of the Rego policy, which returns the `allow` variable to decide whether access is granted (`true`) or denied (`false` or undefined).
		- Partial Evaluation is handled by the `RegoAuthorizer.Prepare()` method in [`authz.go`](authz.go).
		This method compiles OPA’s partial evaluation queries into `SQL WHERE` clauses.
		These clauses are then used to enforce authorization directly in database queries, rather than in application code.

		Authorization Patterns:

		- Fetch-then-authorize: an object is first retrieved from the database, and a single authorization check is performed using full evaluation via `Authorize()`.
		- Authorize-while-fetching: Partial evaluation via `Prepare()` is used to inject SQL filters directly into queries, allowing efficient authorization of many objects of the same type.
		`dbauthz` methods that enforce authorization directly in the SQL query are prefixed with `Authorized`, for example, `GetAuthorizedWorkspaces`.

		## Testing

		You can test outside of golang by using the `opa` cli.
		- OPA Playground: https://play.openpolicyagent.org/
		- OPA CLI (`opa eval`): useful for experimenting with different inputs and understanding how the policy behaves under various conditions.
		`opa eval` returns the constraints that must be satisfied for a rule to evaluate to `true`.
		- `opa eval` requires an `input.json` file containing the input data to run the policy against.
		You can generate this file using the [gen_input.go](../../scripts/rbac-authz/gen_input.go) script.
		Note: the script currently produces a fixed input. You may need to tweak it for your specific use case.

		Evaluation
		### FullEvaluation

		```bash
		opa eval --format=pretty "data.authz.allow" -d policy.rego -i input.json
		```

		Partial Evaluation
		This command fully evaluates the policy in the `policy.rego` file using the input data from `input.json`, and returns the result of the `allow` variable:

		- `data.authz.allow` accesses the `allow` rule within the `authz` package.
		- `data.authz` on its own would return the entire output object of the package.

		This command answers the question: “Is the user allowed?”

		### Partial Evaluation

		```bash
		opa eval --partial --format=pretty 'data.authz.allow' -d policy.rego --unknowns input.object.owner --unknowns input.object.org_owner --unknowns input.object.acl_user_list --unknowns input.object.acl_group_list -i input.json
		```

		This command performs a partial evaluation of the policy, specifying a set of unknown input parameters.
		The result is a set of partial queries that can be converted into `SQL WHERE` clauses and injected into SQL queries.

		This command answers the question: “What conditions must be met for the user to be allowed?”

		### Benchmarking

		Benchmark tests to evaluate the performance of full and partial evaluation can be found in `authz_test.go`.
		You can run these tests with the `-bench` flag, for example:

		```bash
		go test -bench=BenchmarkRBACFilter -run=^$
		```

		To capture memory and CPU profiles, use the following flags:

		- `-memprofile memprofile.out`
		- `-cpuprofile cpuprofile.out`

		The script [`benchmark_authz.sh`](../../scripts/rbac-authz/benchmark_authz.sh) runs the `authz` benchmark tests on the current Git branch or compares benchmark results between two branches using [`benchstat`](https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/perf/cmd/benchstat).
		`benchstat` compares the performance of a baseline benchmark against a new benchmark result and highlights any statistically significant differences.

		- To run benchmark on the current branch:

		```bash
		benchmark_authz.sh --single
		```

		- To compare benchmarks between 2 branches:

		```bash
		benchmark_authz.sh --compare main prebuild_policy
		```
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func benchmarkUserCases() (cases []benchmarkCase, users uuid.UUID, orgs []uuid.U

		// BenchmarkRBACAuthorize benchmarks the rbac.Authorize method.
		//
		//go test -run=^$ -bench BenchmarkRBACAuthorize -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
		//go test -run=^$ -bench'^BenchmarkRBACAuthorize$' -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
		func BenchmarkRBACAuthorize(b *testing.B) {
		benchCases, user, orgs := benchmarkUserCases()
		users := append([]uuid.UUID{},
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func BenchmarkRBACAuthorize(b *testing.B) {
		// BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups benchmarks the rbac.Authorize method and leverages
		// groups for authorizing rather than the permissions/roles.
		//
		//go test -bench BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
		//go test -bench'^BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups$' -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
		func BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups(b *testing.B) {
		benchCases, user, orgs := benchmarkUserCases()
		users := append([]uuid.UUID{},
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func BenchmarkRBACAuthorizeGroups(b *testing.B) {

		// BenchmarkRBACFilter benchmarks the rbac.Filter method.
		//
		//go test -bench BenchmarkRBACFilter -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
		//go test -bench'^BenchmarkRBACFilter$' -benchmem -memprofile memprofile.out -cpuprofile profile.out
ssncferreira marked this conversation as resolved. Show resolvedHide resolved
		func BenchmarkRBACFilter(b *testing.B) {
		benchCases, user, orgs := benchmarkUserCases()
		users := append([]uuid.UUID{},
Expand Down
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
Expand Up		@@ -29,76 +29,93 @@ import rego.v1
		# different code branches based on the org_owner. 'num's value does, but
		# that is the whole point of partial evaluation.

		# bool_flip lets you assign a value to an inverted bool.
		# bool_flip(b) returns the logical negation of a boolean value 'b'.
		# You cannot do 'x := !false', but you can do 'x := bool_flip(false)'
		bool_flip(b) :=flipped if {
		bool_flip(b) :=false if {
		b
		flipped = false
		}

		bool_flip(b) :=flipped if {
		bool_flip(b) :=true if {
		not b
		flipped = true
		}
Comment on lines -34 to 40 Copy link Member EmyrkJun 26, 2025 Choose a reason for hiding this comment The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others.Learn more. Very nice 👍 ssncferreira reacted with heart emoji

		# number is a quick way to get a set of {true, false} and convert it to
		# -1: {false, true} or {false}
		# 0: {}
		# 1: {true}
		number(set) := c if {
		count(set) == 0
		c := 0
		}
		# number(set) maps a set of boolean values to one of the following numbers:
		# -1: deny (if 'false' value is in the set)=> set is {true, false} or {false}
		# 0: no decision (if the set is empty)=> set is {}
		# 1: allow (if only 'true' values are in the set)=> set is {true}

		number(set) := c if {
		# Return -1 if the set contains any 'false' value (i.e., an explicit deny)
		number(set) := -1 if {
		false in set
		c := -1
		}

		number(set) := c if {
		# Return 0 if the set is empty (no matching permissions)
		number(set) := 0 if {
		count(set) == 0
		}

		# Return 1 if the set is non-empty and contains no 'false' values (i.e., only allows)
		number(set) := 1 if {
		not false in set
		set[_]
		c := 1
		}
Comment on lines -53 to 61 Copy link Member EmyrkJun 26, 2025 Choose a reason for hiding this comment The reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others.Learn more. 👍

		# site, org, and user rules are all similar. Each rule should return a number
		# from [-1, 1]. The number corresponds to "negative", "abstain", and "positive"
		# for the given level. See the 'allow' rules for how these numbers are used.
		default site := 0
		# Permission evaluation is structured into three levels: site, org, and user.
		# For each level, two variables are computed:
		# - <level>: the decision based on the subject's full set of roles for that level
		# - scope_<level>: the decision based on the subject's scoped roles for that level
		#
		# Each of these variables is assigned one of three values:
		# -1 => negative (deny)
		# 0 => abstain (no matching permission)
		# 1 => positive (allow)
		#
		# These values are computed by calling the corresponding <level>_allow functions.
		# The final decision is derived from combining these values (see 'allow' rule).

		# -------------------
		# Site Level Rules
		# -------------------

		default site := 0
		site := site_allow(input.subject.roles)

		default scope_site := 0

		scope_site := site_allow([input.subject.scope])

		# site_allow receives a list of roles and returns a single number:
		# -1 if any matching permission denies access
		# 1 if there's at least one allow and no denies
		# 0 if there are no matching permissions
		site_allow(roles) := num if {
		# allow is a set of boolean valueswithoutduplicates.
		allow := {x \|
		# allow is a set of boolean values(sets don't containduplicates)
		allow := {is_allowed \|
		# Iterate over all site permissions in all roles
		perm := roles[_].site[_]
		perm.action in [input.action, "*"]
		perm.resource_type in [input.object.type, "*"]

		#x is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
		x := bool_flip(perm.negate)
		#is_allowed is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
		is_allowed := bool_flip(perm.negate)
		}
		num := number(allow)
		}

		# -------------------
		# Org Level Rules
		# -------------------

		# org_members is the list of organizations the actor is apart of.
		org_members := {orgID \|
		input.subject.roles[_].org[orgID]
		}

		# org is the same as 'site' except we need to iterate over each organization
		#'org' is the same as 'site' except we need to iterate over each organization
		# that the actor is a member of.
		default org := 0

		org := org_allow(input.subject.roles)

		default scope_org := 0

		scope_org := org_allow([input.scope])

		# org_allow_set is a helper function that iterates over all orgs that the actor
Expand All		@@ -114,11 +131,14 @@ scope_org := org_allow([input.scope])
		org_allow_set(roles) := allow_set if {
		allow_set := {id: num \|
		id := org_members[_]
		set := {x \|
		set := {is_allowed \|
		# Iterate over all org permissions in all roles
		perm := roles[_].org[id][_]
		perm.action in [input.action, "*"]
		perm.resource_type in [input.object.type, "*"]
		x := bool_flip(perm.negate)

		# is_allowed is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
		is_allowed := bool_flip(perm.negate)
		}
		num := number(set)
		}
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -191,24 +211,30 @@ org_ok if {
		not input.object.any_org
		}

		# User is the same as the site, except it only applies if the user owns the object and
		# -------------------
		# User Level Rules
		# -------------------

		# 'user' is the same as 'site', except it only applies if the user owns the object and
		# the user is apart of the org (if the object has an org).
		default user := 0

		user := user_allow(input.subject.roles)

		default user_scope := 0

		default scope_user := 0
		scope_user := user_allow([input.scope])

		user_allow(roles) := num if {
		input.object.owner != ""
		input.subject.id = input.object.owner
		allow := {x \|

		allow := {is_allowed \|
		# Iterate over all user permissions in all roles
		perm := roles[_].user[_]
		perm.action in [input.action, "*"]
		perm.resource_type in [input.object.type, "*"]
		x := bool_flip(perm.negate)

		# is_allowed is either 'true' or 'false' if a matching permission exists.
		is_allowed := bool_flip(perm.negate)
		}
		num := number(allow)
		}
Expand All		@@ -227,17 +253,9 @@ scope_allow_list if {
		input.object.id in input.subject.scope.allow_list
		}

		# The allow block is quite simple. Any set with `-1` cascades down in levels.
		# Authorization looks for any `allow` statement that is true. Multiple can be true!
		# Note that the absence of `allow` means "unauthorized".
		# An explicit `"allow": true` is required.
		#
		# Scope is also applied. The default scope is "wildcard:wildcard" allowing
		# all actions. If the scope is not "1", then the action is not authorized.
		#
		#
		# Allow query:
		# data.authz.role_allow = true data.authz.scope_allow = true
		# -------------------
		# Role-Specific Rules
		# -------------------

		role_allow if {
		site = 1
Expand All		@@ -258,6 +276,10 @@ role_allow if {
		user = 1
		}

		# -------------------
		# Scope-Specific Rules
		# -------------------

		scope_allow if {
		scope_allow_list
		scope_site = 1
Expand All		@@ -280,6 +302,11 @@ scope_allow if {
		scope_user = 1
		}

		# -------------------
		# ACL-Specific Rules
		# Access Control List
		# -------------------

		# ACL for users
		acl_allow if {
		# Should you have to be a member of the org too?
Expand DownExpand Up		@@ -308,11 +335,24 @@ acl_allow if {
		[input.action, "*"][_] in perms
		}

		###############
		# -------------------
		# Final Allow
		#
		# The 'allow' block is quite simple. Any set with `-1` cascades down in levels.
		# Authorization looks for any `allow` statement that is true. Multiple can be true!
		# Note that the absence of `allow` means "unauthorized".
		# An explicit `"allow": true` is required.
		#
		# Scope is also applied. The default scope is "wildcard:wildcard" allowing
		# all actions. If the scope is not "1", then the action is not authorized.
		#
		# Allow query:
		#data.authz.role_allow = true
		#data.authz.scope_allow = true
		# -------------------

		# The role or the ACL must allow the action. Scopes can be used to limit,
		# so scope_allow must always be true.

		allow if {
		role_allow
		scope_allow
Expand Down