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These are some experiments, evaluations and random thoughts with the mainline kernel on H5 boards.It's a Work In Progress (WIP), kernel 4.15 and up will be updated from time to time.The goal here is to test the mainline status to the chosen board sample and not the board features.Chose a dev board specific to your needs and a kernel version to work best with the chosen board.

The table below shows the first run and values gathered are not final, YET.

• NanoPi K1 Plus Desktop OS Image with Mainline Kernel 4.18.5 is available at mega (8GB SD Card) (experimental)

  https://mega.nz/#F!0WZACYyY!8WBEsKzzZaMk63aXHKtuOA

  User: ubuntu
  Pasw: ubuntu

• Kernel update (4.18.6 + ZRAM)

    sudo dpkg -i linux-image-4.18.6-h5-desktop_1.0-1.deb    sync  sudo shutdown -h now  then power cycle the board

• Kernel and opp update (4.18.7 + ZRAM)

    sudo dpkg -i linux-image-4.18.7-h5-desktop_1.0-2.deb  sync  sudo shutdown -h now  then power cycle the board

• Kernel and opp update (4.18.8 + ZRAM)

    sudo dpkg -i linux-image-4.18.8-h5-desktop_1.0-2.deb  sync  sudo shutdown -h now  then power cycle the board

• Kernel update (4.19.0 + ZRAM)

    sudo dpkg -i linux-image-4.19.0-h5-desktop_1.0-3.deb  sync  sudo shutdown -h now  then power cycle the board

Credits:

• FE for the board and initial kernel (K1 Plus)
• sunxi community (THS, HDMI, mali)
• Armbian (tips, technical stuff)

Cpu-freq[]

(1) Not able to get cpu frequency(2) Light Desktop, no HW encoding/decoding, no mali, usable(3) new and improved opp for higher cpu speed / freq, thus higher temp(4) 4.19.0 with ov5640 mainline kernel (**)

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(*) Still not able to get /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone0/temp due to missing THS. (Fixed)

(**) THS added to the kernel, CPU avg freq for the 4 cores = 110% , never gets 400% while compiling the full kernel on board. (Fixed)Can use 100% of all cores for the tests. (FIXED)

(***) The ambient temp varies along the test and is not a controlled ambient, so it is just for reference.

(*) Could not get statistics and values from kernel (FIXED)

(**) idle temp is achieved with a simple login from console and ssh login waiting for at least 1 hr.

(***) full temp is achieved with a simple login from console and ssh login waiting for at least 1 hr and building a full kernel on boardFull kernel build takes > 5 hrs on a slow SD CARD.

Wifi enabled and in use

(**) idle temp is achieved with a simple login from console and ssh login waiting for at least 1 hr.

(***) full temp is achieved with a simple login from console and ssh login waiting for at least 1 hr and building a full kernel on board.Full kernel build takes > 5 hrs on a slow SD CARD.

Kernel:

Linux version 4.17.0-rc7-h5 (ubuntu@nanopi-k1-plus) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.3.0-16ubuntu3)) #1 SMP Mon May 28 11:59:24 UTC 2018

Interfaces:

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500        inet 192.168.254.100  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 192.168.255.255        inet6 fe80::1:fcff:fe05:2848  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>        ether 02:01:fc:05:28:48  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 10332  bytes 807119 (807.1 KB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 10198  bytes 1235786 (1.2 MB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0        device interrupt 26  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)        RX packets 84  bytes 6280 (6.2 KB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 84  bytes 6280 (6.2 KB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500        inet 192.168.254.104  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 192.168.255.255        inet6 fe80::7ec7:9ff:fea5:4611  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>        ether 7c:c7:09:a5:46:11  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)        RX packets 763  bytes 94077 (94.0 KB)        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0        TX packets 22  bytes 3216 (3.2 KB)        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

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• K1 Plus is on the way, thanks to FriendlyElec.

Here is the wiring diagram:[]

K1 Plus view[]

LCD[]

1. Set up your chroot environment

We need the chroot tools to access the ARM64 Ubuntu Base rootfs from the X86_64 (HOST PC) and add some packages

2. Get the Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Base files

wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/bionic/daily/current/bionic-base-arm64.tar.gz

3. Find your SD CARD

Insert theSD CARD into USB card reader/writer and check:

dmesg|tail[  181.158588] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] 30547968 512-byte logical blocks: (15.6 GB/14.6 GiB)[  181.159831] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off[  181.159835] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 03 00 00 00[  181.160836] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] No Caching mode page found[  181.160841] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through[  181.167092]  sdc: sdc1 sdc2[  181.170832] sd 6:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI removable disk[  182.194865] EXT4-fs (sdc1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)[  182.202709] EXT4-fs (sdc2): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)

The SD CARD is in the format /dev/sdX where X is a letter (b,c,....), in our case is c (from above)

sd card is /dev/sdc

4. FormatSD CARD with specific geometry

sudo ./format_sd.sh /dev/sdc

5. Prepare theSD CARD with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Minimal Rootfs

Change the SDCARD=/dev/sdX (our sd card device) to your /dev/sdX (X is your device letter)

sudo suexport SDCARD=/dev/sdcmkdir -p rootfsmount $SDCARD"2" rootfs

6. Decompress the rootfs

tar -xvpzf ./bionic-base-arm64.tar.gz -C ./rootfs --numeric-owsync

7. Prepare the SD CARD to chroot

cp /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64-static ./rootfs/usr/bin/cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ./rootfs/usr/bin/sync

8. Prepare chroot to add some needed packages

cp -fv /etc/resolv.conf ./etc/resolv.confcp -rvf ./etc/* ./rootfs/etcsync

9. Update our SD CARD with the pre-built kernel

mkdir -p ./rootfs/lib/modulessudo tar -xvpzf kernel.tar.gz -C ./rootfs/lib/modules --numeric-owsyncmkdir -p ./rootfs/lib/firmwaresudo tar -xvpzf firmware.tar.gz -C ./rootfs/lib/firmware --numeric-owsync

10. Chroot to SD CARD and add networking

chroot ./rootfs /bin/bashapt-get install dialog kmod ifupdown net-tools apt-utils pkg-config sudo systemd udev iputils-ping init

This will be the minimum packages nd if you want a bit more like dev tools and console fonts, install ubutu-minimal

apt-get install ubuntu-minimal

if you want to login withssh then install it

apt-get install sshsyncexit (*Exit from chroot*)

Now we need to be able to login asroot without password, do in shell:

11. Edit with your preferred editor the file ./rootfs/etc/passwd

Change the line from

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

to

root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

and save

11. Edit with your preferred editor the file ./rootfs/etc/shadow

Note: not sure this isreally necessary!!

Change the line from

root:*:17392:0:99999:7:::

to

root::17392:0:99999:7:::

and save

12. Add the "ubuntu" user, or your own user - IF YOU WANT

addgroup --gid 1000 ubuntuadduser --uid 1000 --gid 1000 ubuntuusermod -a -G adm ubuntuusermod -a -G cdrom ubuntuusermod -a -G sudo ubuntuusermod -a -G dip ubuntuusermod -a -G plugdev ubuntuusermod -a -G bluetooth ubuntuusermod -aG sudo ubuntugroupadd ubuntuuseradd -m -g adm -G root,sudo,users,audio,video,netdev,plugdev -s /bin/bash ubuntuecho "ubuntu" >> passwd ubuntu

13. Unmount the partition

umount ./rootfssleep 1rm -rf ./rootfs

13. Prepare the Boot

mkdir -p bootmount $SDCARD"1" bootsleep 1sudo tar -xvpzf boot.tar.gz -C ./boot --numeric-owsyncsleep 1umount ./bootsleep 1rm -rf ./boot

Prepare the booloader

sudo dd if=spl/sunxi-spl.bin of=/dev/sdc bs=1024 seek=8syncsudo dd if=u-boot.itb of=/dev/sdc bs=1024 seek=40sync

Exit fromsu (root)

exit

14. We have now our Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Image on SD CARD

Just make sure the SD CARD is unmounted and remove it from the USB reader/writer

• kernel 4.17.0-rc5 (framebuffer)

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• X11 / Desktop

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• To Conduct and document some of the experiments