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CVE-2023-49735

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Apache Tiles: Unvalidated input may lead to path traversal and XXE

High severity GitHub Reviewed PublishedDec 1, 2023 to the GitHub Advisory Database • UpdatedNov 4, 2025

Package

mavenorg.apache.struts:struts-tiles (Maven)

Affected versions

>= 1.3.0, <= 1.3.10

Patched versions

None
mavenorg.apache.tiles:tiles-core (Maven)
>= 2.0.0
None
mavenstruts:struts (Maven)
>= 1.1, <= 1.2.9
None

Description

The value set as the DefaultLocaleResolver.LOCALE_KEY attribute on the session was not validated while resolving XML definition files, leading to possible path traversal and eventually SSRF/XXE when passing user-controlled data to this key. Passing user-controlled data to this key may be relatively common, as it was also used like that to set the language in the 'tiles-test' application shipped with Tiles.

This issue affects Apache Tiles from version 2 onwards.

NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

References

Published by theNational Vulnerability DatabaseNov 30, 2023
Published to the GitHub Advisory DatabaseDec 1, 2023
ReviewedDec 11, 2023
Last updatedNov 4, 2025

Severity

High

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
None
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector:More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity:More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required:More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction:More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope:More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality:More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity:More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability:More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

EPSS score

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

This score estimates the probability of this vulnerability being exploited within the next 30 days. Data provided byFIRST.
(74th percentile)

Weaknesses

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.Learn more on MITRE.

Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')

The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.Learn more on MITRE.

CVE ID

CVE-2023-49735

GHSA ID

GHSA-qw4h-3xjj-84cc

Source code

Credits

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