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Commitd6b30df

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Merge pull request#115 from hamidrezanorouzi/main
coarse-grain-cylinder-tutorial
2 parentse0fb6d9 +bfacef0 commitd6b30df

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#!/bin/sh
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set -e# Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status
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cd${0%/*}||exit 1# Run from this directory
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# Source tutorial run functions
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# First run OpenFoam Aplication
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echo"\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo"1) Running blockmesh"
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echo"<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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blockMesh
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echo"\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo"2) Running Step 1 (DEM from 0 s to 0.25 s )"
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echo"<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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echo" \n2.1) add Particle"
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particlesPhasicFlow
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echo" \n2.2) add Geometry"
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geometryPhasicFlow
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echo" \n2.3) Running DEM simulation"
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grainGranFlow
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echo"\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo"3) Copy Orginal Data to time folder 0.25 (P , U , Alpha )"
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echo"<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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cp ./FluidField/alpha ./0.25
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cp ./FluidField/p ./0.25
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cp ./FluidField/U ./0.25
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echo"\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo"4) Running Step 3 (0.25-10 CFD-DEM)"
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echo"<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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unresolvedGrainPFPlus
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echo"\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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echo"5) Converting to VTK Files"
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echo"<--------------------------------------------------------------------->\n"
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pFlowToVTK -t 0.25:10 --binary
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touch foam.foam
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echo"Start paraview with the command: paraview foam.foam & to visualize the results"
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echo"\n<--------------------------------------------------------------------->"
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#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
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| ========= | |
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| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
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| \\ / O peration | Version: v2412 |
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| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
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| \\/ M anipulation | |
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\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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FoamFile
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{
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format ascii;
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classvolVectorField;
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object U;
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}
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// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
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dimensions [01 -10000];
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internalFielduniform (000);
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boundaryField
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{
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cylinderWall
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{
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type noSlip;
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valueuniform (000);
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}
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inlet
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{
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type fixedValue;
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valueuniform (0.00.00.6);
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}
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outlet
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{
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type zeroGradient;
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}
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}
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// ************************************************************************* //
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
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| ========= | |
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| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
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| \\ / O peration | Version: v2412 |
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| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
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| \\/ M anipulation | |
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\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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FoamFile
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{
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format ascii;
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classvolScalarField;
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object alpha;
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}
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// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
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dimensions [0000000];
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internalField uniform1;
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boundaryField
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{
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inlet
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{
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type fixedValue;
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value uniform1;
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}
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outlet
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{
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type zeroGradient;
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}
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cylinderWall
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{
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type zeroGradient;
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}
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}
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// ************************************************************************* //
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/*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
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| ========= | |
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| \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox |
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| \\ / O peration | Version: v2412 |
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| \\ / A nd | Website: www.openfoam.com |
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| \\/ M anipulation | |
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\*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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FoamFile
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{
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format ascii;
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classvolScalarField;
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object p;
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}
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// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
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dimensions [02 -20000];
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internalField uniform0;
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boundaryField
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{
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inlet
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{
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type zeroGradient;
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}
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outlet
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{
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type fixedValue;
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value uniform0;
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}
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cylinderWall
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{
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type zeroGradient;
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}
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}
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// ************************************************************************* //
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#Cylindrical Fluidized Bed (coarse-grained simulation)
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- Compatibility: OpenFOAM v2406 and v2412 and PhasicFlow-v-1.0.
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- Solver: unresolvedGrainPFPlus
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##0. Problem Definition
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In this tutorial, we will simulate a gas-solid fluidized bed using the unresolved solver`unresolvedGrainPFPlus`. The cylindrical fluidized bed dimensions are 0.1 m in diameter and 0.2 m in height. We are going to use coarse-graining to simulate 400K 1-mm particles (density of 1000 kg/m³). We use 2-mm grains instead, and this reduces the number of particles to 50K grains. Initially, the particles are at rest. Gas is uniformly injected from the bottom of the bed at a superficial velocity of 0.6 m/s. The simulation runs for a total of 10 seconds, with 0.25 s dedicated to the initial packing of particles (pure DEM simulation) and the remaining 9.75 seconds to the fluidized bed simulation.
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<divalign="center">
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<b>
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<imgsrc="./fluidized-bed-cfd-dem.jpeg"alt="Fluidized bed"style="width:400px;"/>
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</b>
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<b>
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A visualization of a gas-solid fluidized bed with the gas field colored based on velocity.
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</b></div>
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***
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##1. Performing the Simulation Using the Allrun Script
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The`Allrun` script is designed to automate the simulation process for the gas-solid fluidized bed using the`unresolvedGrainPFPlus` solver. It manages all essential steps, including mesh generation, DEM simulation, CFD-DEM coupling simulation, and result conversion. The first phase of the simulation is dedicated to particle settling, which is a pure DEM simulation using the`grainGranFlow` solver. Following this phase, the CFD-DEM simulation is performed for the remaining 9.75 seconds. To execute the simulation, follow these steps:
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###Step 1: Execute the`Allrun` Script
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1. Navigate to the`fluidizedbed` directory.
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2. Run the`Allrun` script by executing the following command:
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```sh
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./Allrun
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```
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This script automates the entire simulation workflow, including mesh generation, DEM simulation, CFD-DEM coupling, and result conversion.
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###Step 2: Understand the Folder Structure
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The simulation folder structure is divided into two main categories: folders containing files related to DEM parameters and folders containing files related to CFD and coupling parameters:
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-**DEM-related folders**:
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-**`settings/`**: Contains configuration files for the DEM simulation.
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-**`caseSetup/`**: Includes files for setting up the simulation and physical parameters for particles.
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-**CFD-DEM-related folders**:
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-**`FluidField/`**: Holds the initial field data (`alpha`,`p`,`U`) used for the CFD-DEM simulation.
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-**`constant/`**: Contains constant properties for the fluid and parameters for coupling (CFD-DEM).
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-**`system/`**: Contains files for setting up CFD simulation parameters.
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###Step 3: Visualize the Results
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Once the simulation is complete, the results are converted to VTK format for visualization. The VTK files can be found in the`./VTK` folder. To visualize the results, use the following command:
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```sh
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paraview foam.foam&
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```
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Open the`foam.foam` file in ParaView to view the CFD results. For DEM results, open the`./VTK/particles.vtk.series` file.
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##2. Description of setup files
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To learn about how to set up a DEM simulation, please refer to the[tutorial page](https://github.com/PhasicFlow/phasicFlow/wiki/Tutorials) of PhasicFlow and other online documents along side this package. Also, you can refer to OpenFOAM tutorials to learn about how to set up a CFD simulation.
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Mesh generation for the cylinder is performed using`blockMesh` utility of OpenFOAM. Although it is possible to use third-party mesh generation tools and then convert the mesh into OpenFOAM mesh. But here, we still use`blockMesh` utility. In`blockMeshDict` file, you will find these few lines, through which you can control the parameters for mesh generation:
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```C++
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// * * * User INPUTS * * * * * * * * * *
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// Gemoetry
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radius0.05;
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height0.2;
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cellSize0.003;
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innerArc yes;// yes/no
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// Patch information
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inletPatchName inlet;
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outletPatchName outlet;
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wallPatchName cylinderWall;
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// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
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// the rest of blockMeshDict file is missing here ...
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```
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The parameters`radius`,`height`, and`cellSize` are used to define radius, height and approximate edge cell size in the final mesh. You can also change the name of the patches in the final mesh through keys`inletPatchName`,`outletPatchName`, and`wallPatchName`.
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For geometry generation in DEM side (after mesh generation), we can use the utility that converts OpenFOAM patch surfaces into actual DEM walls. In the`settings/geometryDict` file, just set the type of the surface to`foamPatchWall`. This utility reads OpenFOAM mesh and converts the patches to DEM surfaces.
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```C++
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surfaces
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{
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inlet
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{
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type foamPatchWall; // type of the wall
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patch inlet;
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material wallMaterial; // material name of this wall
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}
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outlet
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{
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type foamPatchWall; // type of the wall
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patch outlet;
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material wallMaterial; // material name of this wall
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}
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cylinder
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{
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type foamPatchWall; // type of the wall
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patch cylinderWall;
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material wallMaterial; // material name of this wall
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}
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}
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```
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The most important setup file for CFD-DEM simulation is`constant/couplingProperties`. To learn more about this file and how to set it up, you are refered to other tutorials, in which this has been completely explained.
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* -------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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objectName interaction;
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objectType dicrionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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materials (sphereMaterial wallMaterial);// a list of materials names
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densities (10002500);// density of materials [kg/m3]
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contactListType sortedContactList;
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model
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{
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contactForceModel cGNonLinearLimited;
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grainDissipationModel simplified;
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additionalDissipationModel GB;
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rollingFrictionModel normal;
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// Young modulus [Pa]
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Yeff (1.0e61.0e6
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1.0e6);
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// Shear modulus [Pa]
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Geff (0.8e60.8e6
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0.8e6);
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// Poisson's ratio [-]
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nu (0.250.25
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0.25);
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// coefficient of normal restitution
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en (0.970.97
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0.97);
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// dynamic friction
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mu (0.650.65
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0.65);
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// rolling friction
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mur (0.10.1
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0.1);
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}
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contactSearch
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{
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method NBS;
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updateInterval10;
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sizeRatio1.1;
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cellExtent0.55;
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adjustableBox Yes;
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}
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/* -------------------------------*- C++ -*--------------------------------- *\
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| phasicFlow File |
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| copyright: www.cemf.ir |
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\* -------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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objectName shapes;
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objectType dictionary;
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fileFormat ASCII;
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
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names (grainParticle);
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grainDiameters(0.002);
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sphereDiameters(0.001);
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materials (sphereMaterial );// material names for shapes

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