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Make It Happen and Don't Fuck It Up

1. Types
2. Objects
3. Arrays
4. Strings
5. Functions
6. Properties
7. Variables
8. Hoisting
9. Conditional Expressions & Equality
10. Blocks
11. Comments
12. Whitespace
13. Commas
14. Semicolons
15. Type Casting & Coercion
16. Naming Conventions
17. Accessors
18. Constructors
19. Events
20. Modules
21. jQuery
22. Testing
23. Performance
24. Resources
25. In the Wild
26. Translation
27. The JavaScript Style Guide Guide
28. Chat With Us About Javascript
29. Contributors
30. License

• Primitives: When you access a primitive type you work directly on its value.

  • string
  • number
  • boolean
  • null
  • undefined

  varfoo=1;varbar=foo;bar=9;console.log(foo,bar);// => 1, 9

• Complex: When you access a complex type you work on a reference to its value.

  • object
  • array
  • function

  varfoo=[1,2];varbar=foo;bar[0]=9;console.log(foo[0],bar[0]);// => 9, 9

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• Use the literal syntax for object creation.

  // badvaritem=newObject();// goodvaritem={};

• Don't usereserved words as keys. It won't work in IE8.More info.

  // badvarsuperman={default:{clark:'kent'},private:true};// goodvarsuperman={defaults:{clark:'kent'},hidden:true};

• Use readable synonyms in place of reserved words.

  // badvarsuperman={class:'alien'};// badvarsuperman={klass:'alien'};// goodvarsuperman={type:'alien'};

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• Use the literal syntax for array creation.

  // badvaritems=newArray();// goodvaritems=[];

• If you don't know array length use Array#push.

  varsomeStack=[];// badsomeStack[someStack.length]='abracadabra';// goodsomeStack.push('abracadabra');

• When you need to copy an array use Array#slice.jsPerf

  varlen=items.length;varitemsCopy=[];vari;// badfor(i=0;i<len;i++){itemsCopy[i]=items[i];}// gooditemsCopy=items.slice();

• To convert an array-like object to an array, use Array#slice.

  functiontrigger(){varargs=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);  ...}

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• Use single quotes'' for strings.

  // badvarname="Bob Parr";// goodvarname='Bob Parr';// badvarfullName="Bob "+this.lastName;// goodvarfullName='Bob '+this.lastName;

• Strings longer than 80 characters should be written across multiple lines using string concatenation.

• Note: If overused, long strings with concatenation could impact performance.jsPerf &Discussion.

  // badvarerrorMessage='This is a super long error that was thrown because of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do with this, you would get nowhere fast.';// badvarerrorMessage='This is a super long error that was thrown because \of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do \with this, you would get nowhere \fast.';// goodvarerrorMessage='This is a super long error that was thrown because '+'of Batman. When you stop to think about how Batman had anything to do '+'with this, you would get nowhere fast.';

• When programmatically building up a string, use Array#join instead of string concatenation. Mostly for IE:jsPerf.

  varitems;varmessages;varlength;vari;messages=[{state:'success',message:'This one worked.'},{state:'success',message:'This one worked as well.'},{state:'error',message:'This one did not work.'}];length=messages.length;// badfunctioninbox(messages){items='<ul>';for(i=0;i<length;i++){items+='<li>'+messages[i].message+'</li>';}returnitems+'</ul>';}// goodfunctioninbox(messages){items=[];for(i=0;i<length;i++){items[i]=messages[i].message;}return'<ul><li>'+items.join('</li><li>')+'</li></ul>';}

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• Function expressions:

  // anonymous function expressionvaranonymous=function(){returntrue;};// named function expressionvarnamed=functionnamed(){returntrue;};// immediately-invoked function expression (IIFE)(function(){console.log('Welcome to the Internet. Please follow me.');})();

• Never declare a function in a non-function block (if, while, etc). Assign the function to a variable instead. Browsers will allow you to do it, but they all interpret it differently, which is bad news bears.

• Note: ECMA-262 defines ablock as a list of statements. A function declaration is not a statement.Read ECMA-262's note on this issue.

  // badif(currentUser){functiontest(){console.log('Nope.');}}// goodvartest;if(currentUser){test=functiontest(){console.log('Yup.');};}

• Never name a parameterarguments, this will take precedence over thearguments object that is given to every function scope.

  // badfunctionnope(name,options,arguments){// ...stuff...}// goodfunctionyup(name,options,args){// ...stuff...}

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• Use dot notation when accessing properties.

  varluke={jedi:true,age:28};// badvarisJedi=luke['jedi'];// goodvarisJedi=luke.jedi;

• Use subscript notation[] when accessing properties with a variable.

  varluke={jedi:true,age:28};functiongetProp(prop){returnluke[prop];}varisJedi=getProp('jedi');

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• Always usevar to declare variables. Not doing so will result in global variables. We want to avoid polluting the global namespace. Captain Planet warned us of that.

  // badsuperPower=newSuperPower();// goodvarsuperPower=newSuperPower();

• Use onevar declaration per variable.It's easier to add new variable declarations this way, and you never haveto worry about swapping out a; for a, or introducing punctuation-onlydiffs.

  // badvaritems=getItems(),goSportsTeam=true,dragonball='z';// bad// (compare to above, and try to spot the mistake)varitems=getItems(),goSportsTeam=true;dragonball='z';// goodvaritems=getItems();vargoSportsTeam=true;vardragonball='z';

• Declare unassigned variables last. This is helpful when later on you might need to assign a variable depending on one of the previous assigned variables.

  // badvari,len,dragonball,items=getItems(),goSportsTeam=true;// badvari;varitems=getItems();vardragonball;vargoSportsTeam=true;varlen;// goodvaritems=getItems();vargoSportsTeam=true;vardragonball;varlength;vari;

• Assign variables at the top of their scope. This helps avoid issues with variable declaration and assignment hoisting related issues.

  // badfunction(){test();console.log('doing stuff..');//..other stuff..varname=getName();if(name==='test'){returnfalse;}returnname;}// goodfunction(){varname=getName();test();console.log('doing stuff..');//..other stuff..if(name==='test'){returnfalse;}returnname;}// badfunction(){varname=getName();if(!arguments.length){returnfalse;}returntrue;}// goodfunction(){if(!arguments.length){returnfalse;}varname=getName();returntrue;}

• Do not visually line up variables

  // badvarname='Name';varlongerName='Longer Name';varevenLongerName='Even Longer Name';// goodvarname='Name';varlongerName='Longer Name';varevenLongerName='Even Longer Name';

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• Variable declarations get hoisted to the top of their scope, their assignment does not.

  // we know this wouldn't work (assuming there// is no notDefined global variable)functionexample(){console.log(notDefined);// => throws a ReferenceError}// creating a variable declaration after you// reference the variable will work due to// variable hoisting. Note: the assignment// value of `true` is not hoisted.functionexample(){console.log(declaredButNotAssigned);// => undefinedvardeclaredButNotAssigned=true;}// The interpreter is hoisting the variable// declaration to the top of the scope,// which means our example could be rewritten as:functionexample(){vardeclaredButNotAssigned;console.log(declaredButNotAssigned);// => undefineddeclaredButNotAssigned=true;}

• Anonymous function expressions hoist their variable name, but not the function assignment.

  functionexample(){console.log(anonymous);// => undefinedanonymous();// => TypeError anonymous is not a functionvaranonymous=function(){console.log('anonymous function expression');};}

• Named function expressions hoist the variable name, not the function name or the function body.

  functionexample(){console.log(named);// => undefinednamed();// => TypeError named is not a functionsuperPower();// => ReferenceError superPower is not definedvarnamed=functionsuperPower(){console.log('Flying');};}// the same is true when the function name// is the same as the variable name.functionexample(){console.log(named);// => undefinednamed();// => TypeError named is not a functionvarnamed=functionnamed(){console.log('named');}}

• Function declarations hoist their name and the function body.

  functionexample(){superPower();// => FlyingfunctionsuperPower(){console.log('Flying');}}

• For more information refer toJavaScript Scoping & Hoisting byBen Cherry.

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• Use=== and!== over== and!=.

• Conditional expressions are evaluated using coercion with theToBoolean method and always follow these simple rules:

  • Objects evaluate totrue
  • Undefined evaluates tofalse
  • Null evaluates tofalse
  • Booleans evaluate tothe value of the boolean
  • Numbers evaluate tofalse if+0, -0, or NaN, otherwisetrue
  • Strings evaluate tofalse if an empty string'', otherwisetrue

  if([0]){// true// An array is an object, objects evaluate to true}

• Use shortcuts.

  // badif(name!==''){// ...stuff...}// goodif(name){// ...stuff...}// badif(collection.length>0){// ...stuff...}// goodif(collection.length){// ...stuff...}

• For more information seeTruth Equality and JavaScript by Angus Croll.

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• Use braces with all multi-line blocks.

  // badif(test)returnfalse;// goodif(test)returnfalse;// goodif(test){returnfalse;}// badfunction(){returnfalse;}// goodfunction(){returnfalse;}

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• Use/** ... */ to document public function definitions. Include a description, specify types and values for all parameters and return values.

  // bad// make() returns a new element// based on the passed in tag name////@param {String} tag//@return {Element} elementfunctionmake(tag){// ...stuff...returnelement;}// good/** * make() returns a new element * based on the passed in tag name * *@param {String} tag *@return {Element} element */functionmake(tag){// ...stuff...returnelement;}

• Use// for single line comments. Place single line comments on a newline above the subject of the comment. Put an empty line before the comment.

  // badvaractive=true;// is current tab// good// is current tabvaractive=true;// badfunctiongetType(){console.log('fetching type...');// set the default type to 'no type'vartype=this._type||'no type';returntype;}// goodfunctiongetType(){console.log('fetching type...');// set the default type to 'no type'vartype=this._type||'no type';returntype;}

• Use// for multiline comments when a single line comment is longer than 80 charachters. Or use/* .. */

  // bad// this method will return a fantabulous variable that you can use to do lots of calculations with. If you don't know how to use it see the docs at http://someFakeSite.comvarfantabulousValue=fantabulous();// good// this method will return a fantabulous variable that you can use to do// lots of calculations with. If you don't know how to use it see the docs // at http://someFakeSite.comvarfantabulousValue=fantabulous();// good/* * this method will return a fantabulous variable that you can use to do * lots of calculations with. If you don't know how to use it see the docs * at http://someFakeSite.com */varfantabulousValue=fantabulous();

• Prefixing your comments withFIXME orTODO helps other developers quickly understand if you're pointing out a problem that needs to be revisited, or if you're suggesting a solution to the problem that needs to be implemented. These are different than regular comments because they are actionable. The actions areFIXME -- need to figure this out orTODO -- need to implement.

• Use// FIXME: to annotate problems.

  functionCalculator(){// FIXME: shouldn't use a global heretotal=0;returnthis;}

• Use// TODO: to annotate solutions to problems.

  functionCalculator(){// TODO: total should be configurable by an options paramthis.total=0;returnthis;}

**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**## Whitespace- Use soft tabs set to 2 spaces.  ```javascript  // bad  function() {  ∙∙∙∙var name;  }  // bad  function() {  ∙var name;  }  // good  function() {  ∙∙var name;  }  ```- Place 1 space before the leading brace.  ```javascript  // bad  function test(){    console.log('test');  }  // good  function test() {    console.log('test');  }  // bad  dog.set('attr',{    age: '1 year',    breed: 'Bernese Mountain Dog'  });  // good  dog.set('attr', {    age: '1 year',    breed: 'Bernese Mountain Dog'  });  ```- Set off operators with spaces.  ```javascript  // bad  var x=y+5;  // good  var x = y + 5;  ```- End files with a single newline character.  ```javascript  // bad  (function(global) {    // ...stuff...  })(this);  ```  ```javascript  // bad  (function(global) {    // ...stuff...  })(this);↵  ↵  ```  ```javascript  // good  (function(global) {    // ...stuff...  })(this);↵  ```- Use indentation when making long method chains. Use a leading dot, which  emphasizes that the line is a method call, not a new statement.  ```javascript  // bad  $('#items').find('.selected').highlight().end().find('.open').updateCount();  // bad  $('#items').    find('selected').      highlight().      end().    find('.open').      updateCount();  // good  $('#items')    .find('.selected')      .highlight()      .end()    .find('.open')      .updateCount();  // bad  var leds = stage.selectAll('.led').data(data).enter().append('svg:svg').class('led', true)      .attr('width',  (radius + margin) * 2).append('svg:g')      .attr('transform', 'translate(' + (radius + margin) + ',' + (radius + margin) + ')')      .call(tron.led);  // good  var leds = stage.selectAll('.led')      .data(data)    .enter().append('svg:svg')      .class('led', true)      .attr('width',  (radius + margin) * 2)    .append('svg:g')      .attr('transform', 'translate(' + (radius + margin) + ',' + (radius + margin) + ')')      .call(tron.led);  ```- Leave a blank line after blocks and before the next statement  ```javascript  // bad  if (foo) {    return bar;  }  return baz;  // good  if (foo) {    return bar;  }  return baz;  // bad  var obj = {    foo: function() {    },    bar: function() {    }  };  return obj;  // good  var obj = {    foo: function() {    },    bar: function() {    }  };  return obj;  ```- Magic Numbers and Fancy Stuff should be commented. Magic Numbers are constant values used for calculations. Fancy Stuff are things out of the norm done with good reason.  ```javascript  // Magic Numbers    // +10 to move over from border  element.style.left = left + 10 + 'px';  // Fancy Stuff  // parseInt was the reason my code was slow.  // Bitshifting the String to coerce it to a  // Number made it a lot faster.  var val = '10' >> 0;  ```**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**## Commas- Leading commas: **Nope.**  ```javascript  // bad  var story = [      once    , upon    , aTime  ];  // good  var story = [    once,    upon,    aTime  ];  // bad  var hero = {      firstName: 'Bob'    , lastName: 'Parr'    , heroName: 'Mr. Incredible'    , superPower: 'strength'  };  // good  var hero = {    firstName: 'Bob',    lastName: 'Parr',    heroName: 'Mr. Incredible',    superPower: 'strength'  };  ```- Additional trailing comma: **Nope.** This can cause problems with IE6/7 and IE9 if it's in quirksmode. Also, in some implementations of ES3 would add length to an array if it had an additional trailing comma. This was clarified in ES5 ([source](http://es5.github.io/#D)):> Edition 5 clarifies the fact that a trailing comma at the end of an ArrayInitialiser does not add to the length of the array. This is not a semantic change from Edition 3 but some implementations may have previously misinterpreted this.  ```javascript  // bad  var hero = {    firstName: 'Kevin',    lastName: 'Flynn',  };  var heroes = [    'Batman',    'Superman',  ];  // good  var hero = {    firstName: 'Kevin',    lastName: 'Flynn'  };  var heroes = [    'Batman',    'Superman'  ];  ```**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**## Semicolons- **Yup.**  ```javascript  // bad  (function() {    var name = 'Skywalker'    return name  })()  // good  (function() {    var name = 'Skywalker';    return name;  })();  // good (guards against the function becoming an argument when two files with IIFEs are concatenated)  ;(function() {    var name = 'Skywalker';    return name;  })();  ```  [Read more](http://stackoverflow.com/a/7365214/1712802).**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**## Type Casting & Coercion- Perform type coercion at the beginning of the statement.- Strings:  ```javascript  //  => this.reviewScore = 9;  // bad  var totalScore = this.reviewScore + '';  // good  var totalScore = '' + this.reviewScore;  // bad  var totalScore = '' + this.reviewScore + ' total score';  // good  var totalScore = this.reviewScore + ' total score';  ```- Use `parseInt` for Numbers and always with a radix for type casting.  ```javascript  var inputValue = '4';  // bad  var val = new Number(inputValue);  // bad  var val = +inputValue;  // bad  var val = inputValue >> 0;  // bad  var val = parseInt(inputValue);  // good  var val = Number(inputValue);  // good  var val = parseInt(inputValue, 10);  ```- If for whatever reason you are doing something wild and `parseInt` is your bottleneck and need to use Bitshift for [performance reasons](http://jsperf.com/coercion-vs-casting/3), leave a comment explaining why and what you're doing.  ```javascript  // good  // parseInt was the reason my code was slow.  // Bitshifting the String to coerce it to a  // Number made it a lot faster.  var val = inputValue >> 0;  ```- **Note:** Be careful when using bitshift operations. Numbers are represented as [64-bit values](http://es5.github.io/#x4.3.19), but Bitshift operations always return a 32-bit integer ([source](http://es5.github.io/#x11.7)). Bitshift can lead to unexpected behavior for integer values larger than 32 bits. [Discussion](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript/issues/109). Largest signed 32-bit Int is 2,147,483,647:  ```javascript  2147483647 >> 0 //=> 2147483647  2147483648 >> 0 //=> -2147483648  2147483649 >> 0 //=> -2147483647  ```- Booleans:  ```javascript  var age = 0;  // bad  var hasAge = new Boolean(age);  // bad  var hasAge = !!age;  // good  var hasAge = Boolean(age);  // good  var hasAge = age !== undefined;  ```**[⬆ back to top](#table-of-contents)**## Naming Conventions- Avoid single letter names and abreviations. Be descriptive with your naming.  ```javascript  // bad  function q() {    // ...stuff...  }  // good  function query() {    // ..stuff..  }  // bad  var perc = 0;  // good  var percentage = 0;  ```- Use camelCase when naming objects, functions, and instances.  ```javascript  // bad  var OBJEcttsssss = {};  var this_is_my_object = {};  function c() {}  var u = new user({    name: 'Bob Parr'  });  // good  var thisIsMyObject = {};  function thisIsMyFunction() {}  var user = new User({    name: 'Bob Parr'  });  ```- Use PascalCase when naming constructors or classes.  ```javascript  // bad  function user(options) {    this.name = options.name;  }  var bad = new user({    name: 'nope'  });  // good  function User(options) {    this.name = options.name;  }  var good = new User({    name: 'yup'  });  ```- Use a leading underscore `_` when naming private properties.  ```javascript  // bad  this.__firstName__ = 'Panda';  this.firstName_ = 'Panda';  // good  this._firstName = 'Panda';  ```- Use a leading underscore `_` when naming private methods. Private methods should exist outside of the scope of object and should be invoked using the call method.```javascriptvar dog = {  _name: 'Spot',  bark: function(sound) {    _bark.call( this, sound );  }};function _bark(sound) {  console.log(this._name + ':' + sound);}

• Boolean variables should prefixed with is or has.

  // badvarcat=false;vareggs=true;// goodvarisCat=false;varhasEggs=true;

• When saving a reference tothis use_this.

  // badfunction(){varself=this;returnfunction(){console.log(self);};}// badfunction(){varthat=this;returnfunction(){console.log(that);};}// goodfunction(){var_this=this;returnfunction(){console.log(_this);};}

• Name your functions. This is helpful for stack traces.

  // badvarlog=function(msg){console.log(msg);};// goodvarlog=functionlog(msg){console.log(msg);};

• Note: IE8 and below exhibit some quirks with named function expressions. Seehttp://kangax.github.io/nfe/ for more info.

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• Accessor functions for properties are not required.

• If you do make accessor functions use getVal() and setVal('hello').

  // baddragon.age();// gooddragon.getAge();// baddragon.age(25);// gooddragon.setAge(25);

• If the property is a boolean, use isVal() or hasVal().

  // badif(!dragon.age()){returnfalse;}dragon.age(true);// goodif(!dragon.hasAge()){returnfalse;}drag.setHasAge(true);

• It's okay to create get() and set() functions, but be consistent.

  functionJedi(options){options||(options={});varlightsaber=options.lightsaber||'blue';this.set('lightsaber',lightsaber);}Jedi.prototype.set=function(key,val){this[key]=val;};Jedi.prototype.get=function(key){returnthis[key];};

• Getters and Setters via properties can be used in non processor intensive operations. Should be defined viaObject.defineProperty on aprototype

Object.defineProperty(ObjecCar.prototype,'speed',{get:function(){returnthis._speed;},set:function(speed){this._speed=speed;}});

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• Assign methods to the prototype object, instead of overwriting the prototype with a new object. Overwriting the prototype makes inheritance impossible: by resetting the prototype you'll overwrite the base!

  functionJedi(){console.log('new jedi');}// badJedi.prototype={fight:functionfight(){console.log('fighting');},block:functionblock(){console.log('blocking');}};// goodJedi.prototype.fight=functionfight(){console.log('fighting');};Jedi.prototype.block=functionblock(){console.log('blocking');};

• Methods can returnthis to help with method chaining.

  // badJedi.prototype.jump=function(){this.jumping=true;returntrue;};Jedi.prototype.setHeight=function(height){this.height=height;};varluke=newJedi();luke.jump();// => trueluke.setHeight(20);// => undefined// goodJedi.prototype.jump=function(){this.jumping=true;returnthis;};Jedi.prototype.setHeight=function(height){this.height=height;returnthis;};varluke=newJedi();luke.jump().setHeight(20);

• It's okay to write a custom toString() method, just make sure it works successfully and causes no side effects.

  functionJedi(options){options||(options={});this.name=options.name||'no name';}Jedi.prototype.getName=functiongetName(){returnthis.name;};Jedi.prototype.toString=functiontoString(){return'Jedi - '+this.getName();};

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• When attaching data payloads to events (whether DOM events or something more proprietary like Backbone events), pass a hash instead of a raw value. This allows a subsequent contributor to add more data to the event payload without finding and updating every handler for the event. For example, instead of:

  // bad$(this).trigger('listingUpdated',listing.id);...$(this).on('listingUpdated',function(e,listingId){// do something with listingId});

  prefer:

  // good$(this).trigger('listingUpdated',{listingId :listing.id});...$(this).on('listingUpdated',function(e,data){// do something with data.listingId});

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• Modules should be built using the CommonJS pattern

  // Creating a module in ./doSomething.jsmodule.exports=functiondoSomething(){console.log('BOO YA!');};

  // Consuming module from ./doSomething.js in another filevardoSomething=require('./doSomething');doSomething();

• Resuable modules should be distributed on NPM

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• You should shy away from using jQuery. Instead use modules off NPM like:
  • dom-select
  • dom-style
  • dom-tree
  • dom-event
• Visithttps://github.com/npm-dom for more info.

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• On Layout & Web Performance
• String vs Array Concat
• Try/Catch Cost In a Loop
• Bang Function
• jQuery Find vs Context, Selector
• innerHTML vs textContent for script text
• Long String Concatenation
• Loading...

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Read This

• Annotated ECMAScript 5.1

Tools

• Code Style Linters
  • JSHint -Airbnb Style .jshintrc
  • JSCS -Airbnb Style Preset

Other Styleguides

• Google JavaScript Style Guide
• jQuery Core Style Guidelines
• Principles of Writing Consistent, Idiomatic JavaScript

Other Styles

• Naming this in nested functions - Christian Johansen
• Conditional Callbacks - Ross Allen
• Popular JavaScript Coding Conventions on Github - JeongHoon Byun
• Multiple var statements in JavaScript, not superfluous - Ben Alman

Further Reading

• Understanding JavaScript Closures - Angus Croll
• Basic JavaScript for the impatient programmer - Dr. Axel Rauschmayer
• You Might Not Need jQuery - Zack Bloom & Adam Schwartz
• ES6 Features - Luke Hoban
• Frontend Guidelines - Benjamin De Cock

Books

• #"http://www.amazon.com/JavaScript-Patterns-Stoyan-Stefanov/dp/0596806752" rel="nofollow">JavaScript Patterns - Stoyan Stefanov
• Pro JavaScript Design Patterns - Ross Harmes and Dustin Diaz
• High Performance Web Sites: Essential Knowledge for Front-End Engineers - Steve Souders
• Maintainable JavaScript - Nicholas C. Zakas
• JavaScript Web Applications - Alex MacCaw
• Pro JavaScript Techniques - John Resig
• Smashing Node.js: JavaScript Everywhere - Guillermo Rauch
• Secrets of the JavaScript Ninja - John Resig and Bear Bibeault
• Human JavaScript - Henrik Joreteg
• Superhero.js - Kim Joar Bekkelund, Mads Mobæk, & Olav Bjorkoy
• JSBooks - Julien Bouquillon
• Third Party JavaScript - Ben Vinegar and Anton Kovalyov

Blogs

• DailyJS
• JavaScript Weekly
• JavaScript, JavaScript...
• Bocoup Weblog
• Adequately Good
• NCZOnline
• Perfection Kills
• Ben Alman
• Dmitry Baranovskiy
• Dustin Diaz
• nettuts

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(The MIT License)

Copyright (c) 2014 Airbnb

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaininga copy of this software and associated documentation files (the'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall beincluded in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANYCLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THESOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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