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hello-world	dadjoke	speedtest	Your next Tidbyt app

Your Tidbyt does not run apps directly; it depends on a server to periodically run apps and push the resulting images to the device.When you install acommunity app through Tidbyt's mobile app, the app runs on Tidbyt's official app server.For security reasons, there are a ton of limitations on what these apps are allowed to do, which means some awesome app ideas are impossible to implement.

Apps running on Pixbyt have none of these limitations:

• RunPython scripts and packages, not just Starlark applets
• Reachlocal network resources, not just the public internet
• Work withcomplex APIs, not just simple REST HTTP requests
• Readlocal files, like images or JSON
• Organize your source code acrossmultiple modules

Pixbyt lets you realize your wildest Tidbyt dreams by making it easy to:

• build advanced Tidbyt apps,
• install advanced apps built by the community,
• manage multiple Tidbyts and apps,
• package apps together in aDocker image, and
• launch the app server usingDocker Compose.

Pixbyt's advanced features are enabled bytap-pixlet, an unofficial Tidbyt app runner that extendsPixlet (the official Tidbyt app development framework) with an unofficial standard library namedPixlib, similar to howStarlib is the unofficial standard library forStarlark (the Python-like language Tidbyt apps are written in).Pixlib comes with functions likefile.read,file.exec,font.height,html.unescape, andhtml.xpath,helpful constants likeconst.WIDTH,const.HEIGHT, andconst.FPS, andoverloadsload to support local modules.

Pixbyt usestap-pixlet to run apps,target-tidbyt andtarget-webp to push the resulting images to your Tidbyt or WebP image files,Airflow to run apps on a schedule, andMeltano to tie these components together.Pixbyt also includes resources topackage your apps into a Docker image (locally orautomatically on GitHub Actions) andlaunch it using Docker Compose.

This repo defines a Pixbyt app server with a singlehello-world app that shows off some of its advanced features.It automatically builds aghcr.io/douwem/pixbyt:main Docker image that can belaunched using Docker Compose to render the app to a Tidbyt device every hour:

To quickly see Pixbyt in action, you can open this repo in GitHub Codespaces and render thehello-world app to a WebP image or your own Tidbyt before you add your own apps.Codespaces will automatically install the necessary dependencies and launch you into a web-based VS Code editor.

1. Click the green "Use this template" button at the top of this page

2. Choose "Open in a codespace" and wait for the codespace to start

3. Optionally, update theHELLO_WORLD_NAME environment variable in.env to replaceworld with your own name.

4. Render app to a WebP image file:

   TAP_PIXLET_MAGNIFICATION=8 meltano run hello-world--webp

   The image will be created atoutput/hello-world/<timestamp>.webp.The exact path is also printed in the command output.

5. Render app to your Tidbyt:

   1. Find your Device ID and Key in the Tidbyt mobile app under Settings > General > Get API Key.

   2. Update theTIDBYT_DEVICE_ID andTIDBYT_KEY environment variables in.env.

   3. Render thehello-world app and send it to your Tidbyt (in the foreground):

      TAP_PIXLET_BACKGROUND=false meltano run hello-world

When you're ready to start using apps other thanhello-world, follow the steps below to build your own Pixbyt app server using this repo as a template:

If you've already opened this template repo in a codespace using the steps above:

1. Click the "Source Control" icon in the sidebar
2. Click "Publish"

If you haven't launched a codespace yet:

1. Click the green "Use this template" button at the top of this page
2. Choose "Open in a codespace"

1. If the.env configuration file doesn't exist yet, create it from the sample:

   cp .env.sample .env

2. Update theTZ environment variable in.env to your"TZ" timezone identifier. This is used by many apps that show the (relative) date and time.

1. Find your Device ID and Key in the Tidbyt mobile app under Settings > General > Get API Key.
2. Update theTIDBYT_DEVICE_ID andTIDBYT_KEY environment variables in.env.

The most important files in your Pixbyt repo (and likely the only ones you'll want to edit) are the following, which define the apps, their configuration, and their apps:

pixbyt├─ .env# Configuration├─ apps.yml# App schedules├─ devices.yml# Optional: Devices└─ apps   └─<app># One directory for each app      ├─<app>.star# Main Pixlet applet      ├─ pixbyt.yml# Pixbyt metadata      ├─ requirements.txt# Optional: Python packages (one `pip install` argument per line)      ├─ apt-packages.txt# Optional: APT packages (one `apt-get install` argument per line)      ├─*.py# Optional: Python scripts to run using `file.exec`      ├─*.star# Optional: Starlark files to load using `load`      └─*# Optional: Files to read using `file.read`

Out of the box, Pixbyt comes with a singlehello-world app that shows off some of its advanced features and can be used as an example to build your own.

If you're just trying out Pixbyt and don't yet have another app in mind that you'd like to run, you can keephello-world and skip ahead to step 4 to build and launch the app server.

If you don't wanthello-world on your Tidbyt, you can disable it by removing its entry fromapps.yml (and.env), butDO NOT remove theapps/hello-world directory as theGitHub Actions workflow that builds the Docker image uses it to test if the image works.

Skip ahead to step 4 to build and launch the app server.

1. Add the app and its update schedule toapps.yml underapps::

   apps:# ...-name:<app>schedule:'<cron expression>'# If you have multiple Tidbyts defined in `devices.yml`, you can optionally filter them by name:# devices: [<device>]

   1. Replace<app> with the name of the app.

   2. Replace<cron expression> with an appropriatecron expression:

      • Clocks should use* * * * * to update every minute, so that the displayed time is always as fresh as possible.
      • Apps that display a random entry from a list can use*/5 * * * * to update every 5 minutes, so that a fresh entry is shown on every app rotation.
      • Apps that show the latest data from some API can use*/15 * * * * to update every 15 minutes, or something else appropriate for your data source and the expected data freshness.
      • Apps that will always generate the same image can use0 0 * * * to update every day at midnight, just to be sure.

      A recommended schedule is typically documented in the app'sREADME.

   3. Optionally, replace<device> with the name of a device defined indevices.yml to only send the app to that device. By default, the app will be sent to all devices.

   For example:

   apps:# ...-name:hello-worldschedule:'0/15 * * * *'# Every 15 minutesdevices:[office]# Optional

   Note that examples in apps'READMEs sometimes useschedules andinterval keys instead ofapps andschedules. They are equivalent and both are supported, but the latter is preferred.

2. If the app requires configuration, add its environment variables to.env:

   For any config key the app defines underapp_config: in itspixbyt.yml file, add a value for the uppercase environment variable:

   <APP>_<KEY>="<value>"

   The exact environment variables are typically documented in the app'sREADME.

   For example:

   HELLO_WORLD_NAME="world"

If you're developing a new app, or you're not confident you've configured it correctly, you can test it without building and running the entire app server by following theDevelopment instructions below.

To be able to easily run your app server using Docker Compose, you will build a Docker image from your repo containing Pixbyt and your apps.

During testing and development, you can do this on your local machine.In production, you'll likely want to do this on a NAS or other homelab, or on any other (virtual) server that has access to the required network resources.

Note that you'll need to do this each time your apps or their schedules change and a new Docker image is built, or whenever their configurations change.

1. EnsureDocker is installed.

2. If you chose to build your Docker image using GitHub Actions in the previous step,authenticate with the GitHub Container Registry.

3. Create or update.env with your configuration, based onthe sample or the configuration you used during development.

4. Launch Pixbyt using Docker Compose:

   docker compose up --pull --build -d

Your Pixbyt app server is now running, and your apps will update on schedule!You can find logs for your apps underlogs/apps/<app>/.

During app development or debugging, you will not want to build the entire Docker image each time your apps, their schedules, or their configurations change, nor will you want to run the entire app server.

Instead, you can directly render a specific app to a WebP image file or your Tidbyt, and quickly iterate on your app based on what you see in the logs and the output image.

The quickest way to start developing is using GitHub Codespaces, which will automatically install the necessary dependencies and launch you into a web-based VS Code editor.

If you're already inside a codespace, continue to the next step.

If you've already created your own repo using this template repo:

1. Click the "<> Code" button at the top of the page
2. Choose "Codespaces" > "Create codespace on main"

If you haven't created a new repo from this template yet:

1. Click the green "Use this template" button at the top of this page
2. Choose "Open in a codespace"

The image will be created atoutput/<app>/<timestamp>.webp.The exact path is also printed in the command output.

meltano run<app>--webp# Using Docker image:docker compose run pixbyt run<app>--webp

For example:

meltano run hello-world--webp# Using Docker image:docker compose run pixbyt run hello-world--webp

TAP_PIXLET_MAGNIFICATION=8 meltano run<app>--webp# Using Docker image:docker compose run -e TAP_PIXLET_MAGNIFICATION=8 pixbyt run<app>--webp

For example:

TAP_PIXLET_MAGNIFICATION=8 meltano run hello-world--webp# Using Docker image:docker compose run -e TAP_PIXLET_MAGNIFICATION=8 pixbyt run hello-world--webp

The app will immediately show up on your Tidbyt.This is useful during development.

TAP_PIXLET_BACKGROUND=false meltano run<app># Using Docker image:docker compose run -e TAP_PIXLET_BACKGROUND=false pixbyt run<app>

For example:

TAP_PIXLET_BACKGROUND=false meltano run hello-world# Using Docker image:docker compose run -e TAP_PIXLET_BACKGROUND=false pixbyt run hello-world

The app will be added to the Tidbyt app rotation.This is useful when you're running this command on a schedule, to make sure that the app will be up to date the next time it comes up in the app rotation.

meltano run<app># Using Docker image:docker compose run pixbyt run<app>

For example:

meltano run hello-world# Using Docker image:docker compose run pixbyt run hello-world

If you're working with Pixbyt in GitHub Codespaces or locally, you can quickly iterate on apps and test your changes (this is not possible when you're debugging inside a Docker container).Changes to an app's source files are automatically picked up, but changes to APT and Python package dependencies aren't.

If an app defines Python packages in itsrequirements.txt file, you'll need to manually do a clean install of the app's Meltano plugin every time it changes:

meltano install --clean extractor tap-pixlet--<app>

For example:

meltano install --clean extractor tap-pixlet--hello-world

If an app defines APT packages in itsapt-packages.txt file, you'll need to manually install them every time they change.