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Bloaty McBloatface: a size profiler for binaries
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BossZou/bloaty
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Ever wondered what's making your binary big? BloatyMcBloatface will show you a size profile of the binary soyou can understand what's taking up space inside.
Bloaty works on binaries, shared objects, object files, andstatic libraries (.a files). The following file formatsare supported:
- ELF
- Mach-O
- WebAssembly (experimental)
These formats are NOT supported, but I am very interestedin adding support for them (I may implement these myself butwould also be happy to get contributions!)
- PE/COFF (not supported)
- Android APK (not supported, might be tricky due to compression)
This is not an official Google product.
Building Bloaty requires CMake andprotoc, the protobuf compiler. On Ubuntu, install them with:
$ sudo apt install cmake protobuf-compilerBloaty bundleslibprotobuf,re2,capstone, andpkg-config as Git submodules, but it will prefer the system's versions of those dependencies if available. All other dependencies are included as Git submodules. To build, run:
$ cmake .$ make -j6To run tests (Git only, these are not included in the release tarball), type:
$ make testAll the normal CMake features are available, like out-of-source builds:
$ mkdir build$ cd build$ cmake ..$ make -j6Run it directly on a binary target. For example, run it on itself.
$ ./bloaty bloatyOn Linux you'll see output something like:
$ ./bloaty bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 30.7% 8.32Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_info 22.0% 5.97Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_loc 13.7% 3.71Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_str 9.7% 2.64Mi 38.7% 2.64Mi .rodata 7.0% 1.89Mi 27.7% 1.89Mi .text 5.8% 1.57Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_line 0.0% 0 14.8% 1.01Mi .bss 3.3% 928Ki 0.0% 0 .debug_ranges 1.6% 442Ki 0.0% 0 .strtab 1.6% 437Ki 6.3% 437Ki .data 1.3% 361Ki 5.2% 361Ki .dynstr 0.8% 235Ki 3.4% 235Ki .eh_frame 0.8% 219Ki 0.0% 0 .symtab 0.5% 135Ki 0.0% 0 .debug_abbrev 0.4% 123Ki 1.8% 123Ki .dynsym 0.2% 51.9Ki 0.7% 51.8Ki .gcc_except_table 0.1% 39.9Ki 0.6% 39.9Ki .gnu.hash 0.1% 37.8Ki 0.5% 37.8Ki .eh_frame_hdr 0.1% 15.9Ki 0.2% 14.0Ki [24 Others] 0.0% 10.3Ki 0.1% 10.3Ki .gnu.version 0.0% 5.50Ki 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALThe "VM SIZE" column tells you how much space the binarywill take when it is loaded into memory. The "FILE SIZE"column tells you about how much space the binary is takingon disk. These two can be very different from each other:
- Some data lives in the file but isn't loaded into memory,like debug information.
- Some data is mapped into memory but doesn't exist in thefile. This mainly applies to the
.bsssection(zero-initialized data).
The default breakdown in Bloaty is by sections, but manyother ways of slicing the binary are supported such assymbols and segments. If you compiled with debug info, youcan even break down by compile units and inlines!
$ ./bloaty bloaty -d compileunits FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 34.7% 9.38Mi 39.4% 2.68Mi [153 Others] 16.9% 4.58Mi 4.9% 341Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc 8.9% 2.42Mi 4.3% 301Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc 4.1% 1.11Mi 4.5% 311Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/ARM/ARMDisassembler.c 1.5% 415Ki 15.6% 1.07Mi ../third_party/capstone/arch/M68K/M68KDisassembler.c 3.4% 944Ki 1.3% 92.9Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc 3.3% 925Ki 1.3% 87.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc 3.3% 923Ki 11.8% 820Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86Mapping.c 2.6% 716Ki 0.6% 44.6Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc 2.4% 676Ki 1.0% 73.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc 2.2% 619Ki 0.6% 41.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc 2.1% 584Ki 1.6% 113Ki ../third_party/demumble/third_party/libcxxabi/cxa_demangle.cpp 2.1% 582Ki 0.7% 48.4Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc 1.9% 533Ki 1.9% 131Ki ../src/bloaty.cc 1.9% 529Ki 6.1% 427Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86DisassemblerDecoder.c 1.6% 439Ki 0.5% 35.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc 1.4% 394Ki 0.5% 31.5Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/regexp.cc 1.4% 392Ki 0.4% 28.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/dfa.cc 1.4% 383Ki 1.4% 99.4Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86ATTInstPrinter.c 1.3% 373Ki 1.0% 73.2Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/AArch64/AArch64Disassembler.c 1.3% 370Ki 0.5% 34.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/re2.cc 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALRun Bloaty with--help to see a list of available options:
$ ./bloaty --helpBloaty McBloatface: a size profiler for binaries.USAGE: bloaty [OPTION]... FILE... [-- BASE_FILE...]Options: --csv Output in CSV format instead of human-readable. --tsv Output in TSV format instead of human-readable. -c FILE Load configuration from <file>. -d SOURCE,SOURCE Comma-separated list of sources to scan. --debug-file=FILE Use this file for debug symbols and/or symbol table. -C MODE How to demangle symbols. Possible values are: --demangle=MODE --demangle=none no demangling, print raw symbols --demangle=short demangle, but omit arg/return types --demangle=full print full demangled type The default is --demangle=short. --disassemble=FUNCTION Disassemble this function (EXPERIMENTAL) --domain=DOMAIN Which domains to show. Possible values are: --domain=vm --domain=file --domain=both (the default) -n NUM How many rows to show per level before collapsing other keys into '[Other]'. Set to '0' for unlimited. Defaults to 20. -s SORTBY Whether to sort by VM or File size. Possible values are: -s vm -s file -s both (the default: sorts by max(vm, file)). -w Wide output; don't truncate long labels. --help Display this message and exit. --list-sources Show a list of available sources and exit.Options for debugging Bloaty: --debug-vmaddr=ADDR --debug-fileoff=OFF Print extended debugging information for the given VM address and/or file offset. -v Verbose output. Dumps warnings encountered during processing and full VM/file maps at the end. Add more v's (-vv, -vvv) for even more.You can use Bloaty to see how the size of a binary changed.On the command-line, pass-- followed by the files youwant to use as the diff base.
For example, here is a size diff between a couple different versionsof Bloaty, showing how it grew when I added some features.
$ ./bloaty bloaty -- oldbloaty VM SIZE FILE SIZE -------------- -------------- [ = ] 0 .debug_loc +688Ki +9.9% +19% +349Ki .text +349Ki +19% [ = ] 0 .debug_ranges +180Ki +11% [ = ] 0 .debug_info +120Ki +0.9% +23% +73.5Ki .rela.dyn +73.5Ki +23% +3.5% +57.1Ki .rodata +57.1Ki +3.5% +28e3% +53.9Ki .data +53.9Ki +28e3% [ = ] 0 .debug_line +40.2Ki +4.8% +2.3% +5.35Ki .eh_frame +5.35Ki +2.3% -6.0% -5 [Unmapped] +2.65Ki +215% +0.5% +1.70Ki .dynstr +1.70Ki +0.5% [ = ] 0 .symtab +1.59Ki +0.9% [ = ] 0 .debug_abbrev +1.29Ki +0.5% [ = ] 0 .strtab +1.26Ki +0.3% +16% +992 .bss 0 [ = ] +0.2% +642 [13 Others] +849 +0.2% +0.6% +792 .dynsym +792 +0.6% +16% +696 .rela.plt +696 +16% +16% +464 .plt +464 +16% +0.8% +312 .eh_frame_hdr +312 +0.8% [ = ] 0 .debug_str -19.6Ki -0.4% +11% +544Ki TOTAL +1.52Mi +4.6%Each line shows the how much each part changed compared toits previous size. Most sections grew, but one section atthe bottom (.debug_str) shrank. The "TOTAL" line showshow much the size changed overall.
Bloaty supports breaking the binary down in lots ofdifferent ways. You can combine multiple data sources intoa single hierarchical profile. For example, we can use thesegments andsections data sources in a single report:
$ ./bloaty -d segments,sections bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 78.5% 21.3Mi 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 39.1% 8.32Mi NAN% 0 .debug_info 28.1% 5.97Mi NAN% 0 .debug_loc 17.4% 3.71Mi NAN% 0 .debug_str 7.4% 1.57Mi NAN% 0 .debug_line 4.3% 928Ki NAN% 0 .debug_ranges 2.0% 442Ki NAN% 0 .strtab 1.0% 218Ki NAN% 0 .symtab 0.6% 135Ki NAN% 0 .debug_abbrev 0.0% 5.50Ki NAN% 0 [Unmapped] 0.0% 386 NAN% 0 .shstrtab 0.0% 131 NAN% 0 .debug_macinfo 0.0% 82 NAN% 0 .comment 10.9% 2.95Mi 43.4% 2.95Mi LOAD #4 [R] 89.3% 2.64Mi 89.3% 2.64Mi .rodata 7.8% 235Ki 7.8% 235Ki .eh_frame 1.7% 51.8Ki 1.7% 51.8Ki .gcc_except_table 1.2% 37.8Ki 1.2% 37.8Ki .eh_frame_hdr 0.0% 7 0.0% 7 [LOAD #4 [R]] 7.0% 1.89Mi 27.8% 1.89Mi LOAD #3 [RX] 99.8% 1.89Mi 99.8% 1.89Mi .text 0.2% 3.16Ki 0.2% 3.16Ki .plt 0.0% 23 0.0% 23 .init 0.0% 12 0.0% 12 [LOAD #3 [RX]] 0.0% 9 0.0% 9 .fini 1.6% 441Ki 21.1% 1.44Mi LOAD #5 [RW] 0.0% 0 70.0% 1.01Mi .bss 99.1% 437Ki 29.7% 437Ki .data 0.4% 1.59Ki 0.1% 1.59Ki .got.plt 0.3% 1.34Ki 0.1% 1.34Ki .data.rel.ro 0.1% 544 0.0% 544 .dynamic 0.1% 360 0.0% 360 .init_array 0.0% 32 0.0% 32 .got 0.0% 16 0.0% 16 .tdata 0.0% 8 0.0% 8 .fini_array 0.0% 8 0.0% 8 [LOAD #5 [RW]] 2.0% 542Ki 7.8% 542Ki LOAD #2 [R] 66.7% 361Ki 66.7% 361Ki .dynstr 22.8% 123Ki 22.8% 123Ki .dynsym 7.4% 39.9Ki 7.4% 39.9Ki .gnu.hash 1.9% 10.3Ki 1.9% 10.3Ki .gnu.version 0.9% 4.71Ki 0.9% 4.71Ki .rela.plt 0.2% 1.01Ki 0.2% 1.01Ki .rela.dyn 0.1% 743 0.1% 743 [LOAD #2 [R]] 0.1% 368 0.1% 368 .gnu.version_r 0.0% 36 0.0% 36 .note.gnu.build-id 0.0% 32 0.0% 32 .note.ABI-tag 0.0% 28 0.0% 28 .interp 0.0% 2.44Ki 0.0% 0 [ELF Headers] 46.2% 1.12Ki NAN% 0 [18 Others] 5.1% 128 NAN% 0 [ELF Headers] 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .comment 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .data 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .data.rel.ro 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_abbrev 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_info 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_line 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_loc 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_macinfo 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_ranges 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .debug_str 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .dynamic 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .dynstr 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .dynsym 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .eh_frame 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .eh_frame_hdr 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .fini 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .fini_array 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .gcc_except_table 2.6% 64 NAN% 0 .gnu.hash 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALBloaty displays a maximum of 20 lines for each level; othervalues are grouped into an[Other] bin. Use-n <num>to override this setting. If you pass-n 0, all datawill be output without collapsing anything into[Other].
Bloaty supports reading debuginfo/symbols from separatebinaries. This lets you profile a stripped binary, even fordata sources like "compileunits" or "symbols" that requirethis extra information.
Bloaty uses build IDs to verify that the binary and thedebug file match. Otherwise the results would be nonsense(this kind of mismatch might sound unlikely but it's a veryeasy mistake to make, and one that I made several times evenas Bloaty's author!).
If your binary has a build ID, then using separate debugfiles is as simple as:
$ cp bloaty bloaty.stripped$ strip bloaty.stripped$ ./bloaty -d symbols --debug-file=bloaty bloaty.strippedSome format-specific notes follow.
For ELF, make sure you are compiling with build IDs enabled.With gcc this happens automatically, butClang decided notto make this the default, since it makes the linkslower.For Clang add-Wl,--build-id to your link line. (If youwant a slightly faster link and don't care aboutreproducibility, you can use-Wl,--build-id=uuid instead).
Bloaty does not currently support the GNU debuglink orlooking up debug files by build ID,which are the methodsGDB uses to find debugfiles.If there are use cases where Bloaty's--debug-file optionwon't work, we can reconsider implementing these.
Mach-O files always have build IDs (as far as I can tell),so no special configuration is needed to make sure you getthem.
Mach-O puts debug information in separate files which youcan create withdsymutil:
$ dsymutil bloaty$ strip bloaty (optional)$ ./bloaty -d symbols --debug-file=bloaty.dSYM/Contents/Resources/DWARF/bloaty bloatyAny options that you can specify on the command-line, youcan put into a configuration file instead. Then use can use-c FILE to load those options from the config file. Also,a few features are only available with configuration filesand cannot be specify on the command-line.
The configuration file is a in Protocol Buffers text format.The schema is theOptions message insrc/bloaty.proto.
The two most useful cases for configuration files are:
You have too many input files to put on the command-line.At Google we sometimes run Bloaty over thousands of inputfiles. This can cause the overall command-line to exceedOS limits. With a config file, we can avoid this:
filename: "path/to/long_filename_a.o"filename: "path/to/long_filename_b.o"filename: "path/to/long_filename_c.o"# ...repeat for thousands of files.For custom data sources, it can be very useful to putthem in a config file, for greater reusability. Forexample, see the custom data sources defined incustom_sources.bloaty.Also read more about custom data sources below.
Bloaty has many data sources built in. These all providedifferent ways of looking at the binary. You can alsocreate your own data sources by applying regexes to thebuilt-in data sources (see "Custom Data Sources" below).
While Bloaty works on binaries, shared objects, objectfiles, and static libraries (.a files), some of the datasources don't work on object files. This applies especiallyto data sources that read debug info.
Segments are what the run-time loader uses to determine whatparts of the binary need to be loaded/mapped into memory.There are usually just a few segments: one for each set ofmmap() permissions required:
$ ./bloaty -d segments bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 78.5% 21.3Mi 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 10.9% 2.95Mi 43.4% 2.95Mi LOAD #4 [R] 7.0% 1.89Mi 27.8% 1.89Mi LOAD #3 [RX] 1.6% 441Ki 21.1% 1.44Mi LOAD #5 [RW] 2.0% 542Ki 7.8% 542Ki LOAD #2 [R] 0.0% 2.44Ki 0.0% 0 [ELF Headers] 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALHere we see one segment mapped[RX] (read/execute) andone segment mapped[RW] (read/write). A large part ofthe binary is not loaded into memory, which we see as[Unmapped].
Object files and static libraries don't have segments.However we fake it by grouping sections by their flags.This gives us a break-down sort of like real segments.
$ ./bloaty -d segments CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/bloaty.cc.o FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 87.1% 906Ki 0.0% 0 Section [] 8.4% 87.3Ki 78.2% 87.3Ki Section [AX] 2.3% 24.3Ki 21.8% 24.3Ki Section [A] 2.1% 21.8Ki 0.0% 0 [ELF Headers] 0.1% 785 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 0.0% 24 0.1% 72 Section [AW] 100.0% 1.02Mi 100.0% 111Ki TOTALSections give us a bit more granular look into the binary.If we want to find the symbol table, the unwind information,or the debug information, each kind of information lives inits own section. Bloaty's default output is sections.
$ ./bloaty -d sections bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 30.7% 8.32Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_info 22.0% 5.97Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_loc 13.7% 3.71Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_str 9.7% 2.64Mi 38.7% 2.64Mi .rodata 7.0% 1.89Mi 27.7% 1.89Mi .text 5.8% 1.57Mi 0.0% 0 .debug_line 0.0% 0 14.8% 1.01Mi .bss 3.3% 928Ki 0.0% 0 .debug_ranges 1.6% 442Ki 0.0% 0 .strtab 1.6% 437Ki 6.3% 437Ki .data 1.3% 361Ki 5.2% 361Ki .dynstr 0.8% 235Ki 3.4% 235Ki .eh_frame 0.8% 219Ki 0.0% 0 .symtab 0.5% 135Ki 0.0% 0 .debug_abbrev 0.4% 123Ki 1.8% 123Ki .dynsym 0.2% 51.9Ki 0.7% 51.8Ki .gcc_except_table 0.1% 39.9Ki 0.6% 39.9Ki .gnu.hash 0.1% 37.8Ki 0.5% 37.8Ki .eh_frame_hdr 0.1% 15.9Ki 0.2% 14.0Ki [24 Others] 0.0% 10.3Ki 0.1% 10.3Ki .gnu.version 0.0% 5.50Ki 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALSymbols come from the symbol table, and represent individualfunctions or variables.
$ ./bloaty -d symbols bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 30.7% 8.32Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_info] 22.0% 5.97Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_loc] 13.7% 3.71Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_str] 13.7% 3.70Mi 44.9% 3.06Mi [5966 Others] 5.8% 1.57Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_line] 4.8% 1.31Mi 19.2% 1.31Mi insns 0.0% 44 14.7% 1024Ki g_instruction_table 3.3% 928Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_ranges] 0.9% 246Ki 3.5% 245Ki printAliasInstr 0.9% 237Ki 3.4% 237Ki [section .rodata] 0.6% 175Ki 2.5% 175Ki insn_ops 0.6% 153Ki 2.2% 153Ki ARMInsts 0.5% 140Ki 2.0% 140Ki x86DisassemblerTwoByteOpcodes 0.5% 135Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_abbrev] 0.4% 110Ki 1.6% 109Ki printInstruction.OpInfo 0.3% 94.3Ki 1.3% 94.2Ki printInstruction.OpInfo2 0.3% 85.1Ki 1.2% 84.8Ki insn_name_maps 0.3% 74.0Ki 1.1% 74.0Ki x86DisassemblerThreeByte38Opcodes 0.2% 59.7Ki 0.9% 59.4Ki printInstruction.AsmStrs 0.2% 55.9Ki 0.8% 55.8Ki DecoderTable32 0.2% 54.0Ki 0.8% 54.0Ki x86DisassemblerThreeByte3AOpcodes 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALYou can control how symbols are demangled with the-C MODEor--demangle=MODE flag. You can also specify thedemangling mode explicitly in the-d switch. We havethree different demangling modes:
-C noneor-d rawsymbols: no, demangling.-C shortor-d shortsymbols: short demangling: returntypes, template parameters, and function parameter typesare omitted. For example:bloaty::dwarf::FormReader<>::GetFunctionForForm<>().This is the default.-C fullor-d fullsymbols: full demangling.
One very handy thing about-C short (the default) is thatit groups all template instantiations together, regardlessof their parameters. You can use this to determine how muchcode size you are paying by doing multiple instantiations oftemplates. Trybloaty -d shortsymbols,fullsymbols.
When you pass multiple files to Bloaty, theinputfilessource will let you break it down by input file:
$ ./bloaty -d inputfiles CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/*.o FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 42.2% 1.02Mi 37.3% 111Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/bloaty.cc.o 16.0% 394Ki 15.6% 46.7Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/dwarf.cc.o 10.5% 257Ki 10.2% 30.6Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/bloaty.pb.cc.o 8.8% 217Ki 9.9% 29.7Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/elf.cc.o 8.0% 198Ki 8.9% 26.8Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/macho.cc.o 4.4% 107Ki 4.4% 13.0Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/webassembly.cc.o 4.2% 103Ki 7.6% 22.9Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/demangle.cc.o 3.4% 83.8Ki 3.4% 10.2Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/range_map.cc.o 2.5% 62.4Ki 2.6% 7.91Ki CMakeFiles/libbloaty.dir/src/disassemble.cc.o 100.0% 2.41Mi 100.0% 299Ki TOTALWhen you are running Bloaty on a.a file, thearmemberssource will let you break it down by.o file inside thearchive.
$ ./bloaty -d armembers liblibbloaty.a FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 28.1% 1.11Mi 23.1% 112Ki cxa_demangle.cpp.o 25.7% 1.02Mi 22.8% 111Ki bloaty.cc.o 9.7% 394Ki 9.5% 46.7Ki dwarf.cc.o 6.4% 257Ki 6.3% 30.6Ki bloaty.pb.cc.o 5.4% 217Ki 6.1% 29.7Ki elf.cc.o 4.9% 198Ki 5.5% 26.8Ki macho.cc.o 2.6% 107Ki 2.7% 13.0Ki webassembly.cc.o 2.5% 103Ki 4.7% 22.9Ki demangle.cc.o 2.1% 83.8Ki 2.1% 10.2Ki range_map.cc.o 1.9% 77.8Ki 3.2% 15.7Ki charconv_bigint.cc.o 1.8% 72.7Ki 3.0% 14.6Ki escaping.cc.o 1.5% 62.4Ki 1.6% 7.91Ki disassemble.cc.o 1.4% 57.9Ki 0.0% 0 [AR Symbol Table] 1.2% 46.9Ki 1.3% 6.60Ki [8 Others] 1.1% 43.9Ki 2.4% 11.7Ki charconv.cc.o 1.0% 38.7Ki 2.0% 9.74Ki numbers.cc.o 0.7% 29.9Ki 1.2% 5.71Ki str_cat.cc.o 0.6% 24.6Ki 0.9% 4.25Ki string_view.cc.o 0.5% 21.1Ki 0.7% 3.21Ki throw_delegate.cc.o 0.4% 17.7Ki 0.4% 2.17Ki ascii.cc.o 0.3% 13.7Ki 0.7% 3.52Ki charconv_parse.cc.o 100.0% 3.95Mi 100.0% 489Ki TOTALYou are free to use this data source even for non-.afiles, but it won't be very useful since it will always justresolve to the input file (the.a file).
Using debug information, we can tell what compile unit (andcorresponding source file) each bit of the binary came from.
$ ./bloaty -d compileunits bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 34.7% 9.38Mi 39.4% 2.68Mi [153 Others] 16.9% 4.58Mi 4.9% 341Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc 8.9% 2.42Mi 4.3% 301Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc 4.1% 1.11Mi 4.5% 311Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/ARM/ARMDisassembler.c 1.5% 415Ki 15.6% 1.07Mi ../third_party/capstone/arch/M68K/M68KDisassembler.c 3.4% 944Ki 1.3% 92.9Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc 3.3% 925Ki 1.3% 87.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc 3.3% 923Ki 11.8% 820Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86Mapping.c 2.6% 716Ki 0.6% 44.6Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc 2.4% 676Ki 1.0% 73.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc 2.2% 619Ki 0.6% 41.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc 2.1% 584Ki 1.6% 113Ki ../third_party/demumble/third_party/libcxxabi/cxa_demangle.cpp 2.1% 582Ki 0.7% 48.4Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc 1.9% 533Ki 1.9% 131Ki ../src/bloaty.cc 1.9% 529Ki 6.1% 427Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86DisassemblerDecoder.c 1.6% 439Ki 0.5% 35.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc 1.4% 394Ki 0.5% 31.5Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/regexp.cc 1.4% 392Ki 0.4% 28.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/dfa.cc 1.4% 383Ki 1.4% 99.4Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86ATTInstPrinter.c 1.3% 373Ki 1.0% 73.2Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/AArch64/AArch64Disassembler.c 1.3% 370Ki 0.5% 34.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/re2.cc 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALThe DWARF debugging information also contains "line info"information that understands inlining. So within afunction, it will know which instructions came from aninlined function from a header file. This is theinformation the debugger uses to point at a specific sourceline as you're tracing through a program.
$ ./bloaty -d inlines bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 30.7% 8.32Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_info] 22.0% 5.97Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_loc] 13.7% 3.71Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_str] 9.7% 2.64Mi 38.7% 2.64Mi [section .rodata] 6.9% 1.86Mi 27.3% 1.86Mi [43370 Others] 5.8% 1.57Mi 0.0% 0 [section .debug_line] 0.0% 0 14.8% 1.01Mi [section .bss] 3.3% 928Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_ranges] 1.6% 442Ki 0.0% 0 [section .strtab] 1.6% 437Ki 6.3% 437Ki [section .data] 1.3% 361Ki 5.2% 361Ki [section .dynstr] 0.8% 235Ki 3.4% 235Ki [section .eh_frame] 0.8% 219Ki 0.0% 0 [section .symtab] 0.5% 135Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_abbrev] 0.4% 123Ki 1.8% 123Ki [section .dynsym] 0.2% 51.9Ki 0.7% 51.8Ki [section .gcc_except_table] 0.1% 39.9Ki 0.6% 39.9Ki [section .gnu.hash] 0.1% 37.8Ki 0.5% 37.8Ki [section .eh_frame_hdr] 0.1% 25.2Ki 0.4% 25.2Ki /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../../include/c++/8/bits/basic_string.h:176 0.1% 16.8Ki 0.2% 16.8Ki /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../../include/c++/8/bits/basic_string.h:172 0.1% 15.4Ki 0.2% 15.4Ki /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/8/../../../../include/c++/8/ext/new_allocator.h:125 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALSometimes you want to munge the labels from an existing datasource. For example, when we use "compileunits" on Bloatyitself, we see files from all our dependencies mixedtogether:
$ ./bloaty -d compileunits bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 34.7% 9.38Mi 39.4% 2.68Mi [153 Others] 16.9% 4.58Mi 4.9% 341Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc 8.9% 2.42Mi 4.3% 301Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc 4.1% 1.11Mi 4.5% 311Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/ARM/ARMDisassembler.c 1.5% 415Ki 15.6% 1.07Mi ../third_party/capstone/arch/M68K/M68KDisassembler.c 3.4% 944Ki 1.3% 92.9Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc 3.3% 925Ki 1.3% 87.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc 3.3% 923Ki 11.8% 820Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86Mapping.c 2.6% 716Ki 0.6% 44.6Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc 2.4% 676Ki 1.0% 73.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc 2.2% 619Ki 0.6% 41.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc 2.1% 584Ki 1.6% 113Ki ../third_party/demumble/third_party/libcxxabi/cxa_demangle.cpp 2.1% 582Ki 0.7% 48.4Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc 1.9% 533Ki 1.9% 131Ki ../src/bloaty.cc 1.9% 529Ki 6.1% 427Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86DisassemblerDecoder.c 1.6% 439Ki 0.5% 35.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc 1.4% 394Ki 0.5% 31.5Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/regexp.cc 1.4% 392Ki 0.4% 28.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/dfa.cc 1.4% 383Ki 1.4% 99.4Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86ATTInstPrinter.c 1.3% 373Ki 1.0% 73.2Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/AArch64/AArch64Disassembler.c 1.3% 370Ki 0.5% 34.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/re2.cc 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALIf we want to bucket all of these by which library they camefrom, we can write a custom data source. It specifies thebase data source and a set of regexes to apply to it. Theregexes are tried in order, and the first matching regexwill cause the entire label to be rewritten to thereplacement text. Regexes followRE2syntax and thereplacement can refer to capture groups.
$ cat bloaty_package.bloatycustom_data_source: { name: "bloaty_package" base_data_source: "compileunits" rewrite: { pattern: "^(\\.\\./)?src" replacement: "src" } rewrite: { pattern: "^(\\.\\./)?(third_party/\\w+)" replacement: "\\2" }}Then use the data source like so:
$ ./bloaty -c bloaty_package.bloaty -d bloaty_package bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 53.0% 14.3Mi 19.3% 1.32Mi third_party/protobuf 28.1% 7.60Mi 64.2% 4.37Mi third_party/capstone 9.1% 2.47Mi 3.6% 253Ki third_party/re2 5.0% 1.34Mi 4.7% 326Ki src 2.1% 584Ki 1.6% 113Ki third_party/demumble 0.7% 199Ki 1.2% 84.0Ki third_party/abseil 0.7% 194Ki 2.8% 194Ki [section .rodata] 0.2% 68.4Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_str] 0.2% 51.8Ki 0.7% 51.8Ki [section .gcc_except_table] 0.2% 43.5Ki 0.0% 0 [section .symtab] 0.1% 39.9Ki 0.6% 39.9Ki [section .gnu.hash] 0.1% 37.0Ki 0.5% 37.0Ki [section .text] 0.1% 31.2Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_loc] 0.1% 27.8Ki 0.0% 0 [section .strtab] 0.1% 15.0Ki 0.2% 15.0Ki [section .dynstr] 0.1% 14.3Ki 0.2% 11.4Ki [28 Others] 0.0% 10.3Ki 0.1% 10.3Ki [section .gnu.version] 0.0% 8.34Ki 0.1% 8.34Ki [section .dynsym] 0.0% 5.92Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_ranges] 0.0% 5.50Ki 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 0.0% 4.18Ki 0.1% 4.18Ki [section .eh_frame] 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALWe can get an even richer report by combining thebloaty_package source with the originalcompileunitssource:
$ ./bloaty -c config.bloaty -d bloaty_package,compileunits bloaty FILE SIZE VM SIZE -------------- -------------- 53.0% 14.3Mi 19.3% 1.32Mi third_party/protobuf 31.9% 4.58Mi 25.4% 341Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.cc 16.9% 2.42Mi 22.4% 301Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.cc 6.4% 944Ki 6.9% 92.9Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.cc 6.3% 925Ki 6.5% 87.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/text_format.cc 4.9% 716Ki 3.3% 44.6Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/descriptor_database.cc 4.6% 676Ki 5.4% 73.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set.cc 4.2% 619Ki 3.1% 41.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/generated_message_util.cc 4.0% 582Ki 3.6% 48.4Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message.cc 3.7% 538Ki 4.1% 54.7Ki [13 Others] 3.0% 439Ki 2.6% 35.1Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format.cc 2.3% 331Ki 2.7% 35.9Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/map_field.cc 1.9% 281Ki 2.5% 33.4Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/strutil.cc 1.9% 277Ki 1.4% 18.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/dynamic_message.cc 1.8% 262Ki 1.5% 19.6Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/extension_set_heavy.cc 1.3% 194Ki 3.1% 41.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/tokenizer.cc 1.2% 175Ki 1.5% 20.3Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/wire_format_lite.cc 0.9% 129Ki 0.8% 10.6Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.cc 0.9% 128Ki 0.5% 7.41Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/reflection_ops.cc 0.8% 123Ki 0.9% 11.7Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.cc 0.6% 95.2Ki 1.0% 13.0Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/message_lite.cc 0.5% 77.2Ki 0.9% 12.8Ki ../third_party/protobuf/src/google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc 28.1% 7.60Mi 64.2% 4.37Mi third_party/capstone 15.6% 1.19Mi 7.1% 319Ki [36 Others] 14.6% 1.11Mi 7.0% 311Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/ARM/ARMDisassembler.c 5.3% 415Ki 24.4% 1.07Mi ../third_party/capstone/arch/M68K/M68KDisassembler.c 11.9% 923Ki 18.3% 820Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86Mapping.c 6.8% 529Ki 9.6% 427Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86DisassemblerDecoder.c 4.9% 383Ki 2.2% 99.4Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86ATTInstPrinter.c 4.8% 373Ki 1.6% 73.2Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/AArch64/AArch64Disassembler.c 4.3% 333Ki 1.2% 54.2Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/Mips/MipsDisassembler.c 3.7% 290Ki 3.4% 150Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/AArch64/AArch64InstPrinter.c 3.2% 249Ki 1.9% 83.6Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/ARM/ARMInstPrinter.c 3.2% 245Ki 4.9% 220Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/AArch64/AArch64Mapping.c 2.9% 222Ki 4.4% 196Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/ARM/ARMMapping.c 2.8% 221Ki 2.2% 98.6Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86IntelInstPrinter.c 2.6% 201Ki 2.1% 95.9Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/PowerPC/PPCInstPrinter.c 2.1% 166Ki 3.0% 133Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/Mips/MipsMapping.c 2.0% 157Ki 0.4% 18.6Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/X86/X86Disassembler.c 2.0% 156Ki 0.6% 28.8Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/PowerPC/PPCDisassembler.c 2.0% 155Ki 2.8% 126Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/PowerPC/PPCMapping.c 2.0% 154Ki 2.0% 90.9Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/Sparc/SparcInstPrinter.c 1.7% 131Ki 0.4% 17.8Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/TMS320C64x/TMS320C64xDisassembler.c 1.6% 121Ki 0.4% 19.8Ki ../third_party/capstone/arch/SystemZ/SystemZDisassembler.c 9.1% 2.47Mi 3.6% 253Ki third_party/re2 15.6% 394Ki 12.4% 31.5Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/regexp.cc 15.5% 392Ki 11.3% 28.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/dfa.cc 14.7% 370Ki 13.6% 34.6Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/re2.cc 12.0% 304Ki 29.9% 76.0Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/parse.cc 11.7% 295Ki 8.8% 22.4Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/prog.cc 9.3% 234Ki 8.6% 21.8Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/compile.cc 4.6% 114Ki 4.8% 12.1Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/simplify.cc 4.1% 103Ki 3.5% 8.91Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/nfa.cc 3.5% 89.1Ki 1.7% 4.42Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/onepass.cc 2.9% 74.3Ki 1.4% 3.46Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/tostring.cc 2.1% 52.5Ki 1.8% 4.61Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/bitstate.cc 1.2% 29.3Ki 0.7% 1.90Ki ../third_party/re2/re2/stringpiece.cc 1.0% 24.7Ki 0.8% 2.08Ki ../third_party/re2/util/strutil.cc 0.9% 23.2Ki 0.0% 0 ../third_party/re2/re2/unicode_groups.cc 0.4% 9.36Ki 0.0% 0 ../third_party/re2/re2/perl_groups.cc 0.3% 8.51Ki 0.0% 0 ../third_party/re2/re2/unicode_casefold.cc 0.2% 5.13Ki 0.5% 1.38Ki ../third_party/re2/util/rune.cc 5.0% 1.34Mi 4.7% 326Ki src 38.8% 533Ki 40.2% 131Ki ../src/bloaty.cc 14.1% 193Ki 15.0% 49.0Ki ../src/dwarf.cc 10.4% 142Ki 0.5% 1.53Ki ../src/main.cc 9.0% 123Ki 11.4% 37.1Ki src/bloaty.pb.cc 7.4% 102Ki 8.0% 26.1Ki ../src/elf.cc 7.2% 99.6Ki 10.1% 33.0Ki ../src/macho.cc 4.8% 65.4Ki 6.0% 19.6Ki ../src/demangle.cc 3.5% 48.5Ki 4.0% 13.2Ki ../src/webassembly.cc 2.8% 38.6Ki 2.8% 9.19Ki ../src/range_map.cc 1.9% 25.6Ki 2.0% 6.61Ki ../src/disassemble.cc 2.1% 584Ki 1.6% 113Ki third_party/demumble 100.0% 584Ki 100.0% 113Ki ../third_party/demumble/third_party/libcxxabi/cxa_demangle.cpp 0.7% 199Ki 1.2% 84.0Ki third_party/abseil 20.0% 40.0Ki 18.7% 15.7Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/internal/charconv_bigint.cc 19.6% 39.2Ki 14.5% 12.2Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/escaping.cc 19.5% 38.9Ki 30.8% 25.9Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/charconv.cc 9.8% 19.6Ki 10.6% 8.94Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/numbers.cc 7.4% 14.9Ki 6.1% 5.11Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/str_cat.cc 6.7% 13.3Ki 5.6% 4.74Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/string_view.cc 3.6% 7.18Ki 1.8% 1.54Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/ascii.cc 3.0% 6.07Ki 3.1% 2.58Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/internal/charconv_parse.cc 3.0% 5.99Ki 2.1% 1.73Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/str_split.cc 2.6% 5.17Ki 2.3% 1.94Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/substitute.cc 2.0% 4.00Ki 2.1% 1.77Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/base/internal/raw_logging.cc 1.2% 2.42Ki 1.5% 1.23Ki ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/internal/memutil.cc 1.2% 2.33Ki 0.5% 441 ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/base/internal/throw_delegate.cc 0.3% 634 0.3% 233 ../third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/strings/internal/utf8.cc 0.7% 194Ki 2.8% 194Ki [section .rodata] 0.2% 68.4Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_str] 0.2% 51.8Ki 0.7% 51.8Ki [section .gcc_except_table] 0.2% 43.5Ki 0.0% 0 [section .symtab] 0.1% 39.9Ki 0.6% 39.9Ki [section .gnu.hash] 0.1% 37.0Ki 0.5% 37.0Ki [section .text] 0.1% 31.2Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_loc] 0.1% 27.8Ki 0.0% 0 [section .strtab] 0.1% 15.0Ki 0.2% 15.0Ki [section .dynstr] 0.1% 14.3Ki 0.2% 11.4Ki [28 Others] 0.0% 10.3Ki 0.1% 10.3Ki [section .gnu.version] 0.0% 8.34Ki 0.1% 8.34Ki [section .dynsym] 0.0% 5.92Ki 0.0% 0 [section .debug_ranges] 0.0% 5.50Ki 0.0% 0 [Unmapped] 0.0% 4.18Ki 0.1% 4.18Ki [section .eh_frame] 100.0% 27.1Mi 100.0% 6.81Mi TOTALHere are some tentative plans for future features.
If we can analyze references between symbols, this wouldenable a lot of features:
- Detect garbage symbols (ie. how much would the binaryshrink if we compiled with
-ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wl,-gc-sections). - Understand why a particular symbol can't begarbage-collected (like
ld -why_liveon OS X). - Visualize the dependency tree of symbols (probably as adominator tree) so users can see the weight of theirbinary in this way.
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Bloaty McBloatface: a size profiler for binaries
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