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Minimal D3D11 bonus material: even simpler 2D

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.readme.md

Minimal D3D11 bonus material: even simpler 2D

Plain 2D rendering in D3D11, without the distracting feature set of acomplete sprite renderer and allowingarbitrarily placed triangle vertices with absolute pixel coordinate positioning (there's reallyno need for the sometimes confusing complication of a full-on projection matrix pipeline for UI and 2D games). Like theoriginal Minimal D3D11, this one uses a canonical 1:1TRIANGLELIST vertex buffer with input layout, so no fancy manual custom buffer fetching and in-shader instanced quad expansion here. As usual: complete, runnable single-function app. ~100 LOC. No modern C++, OOP or (other) obscuring cruft.

This 'even simpler' variant renders solid color triangles; no texturing or alpha blending. For line drawing, changethis line to:

devicecontext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINELIST);

Raw

cpu.cpp


	#pragma comment(lib, "user32")
	#pragma comment(lib, "d3d11")
	#pragma comment(lib, "d3dcompiler")

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	#include<windows.h>
	#include<d3d11.h>
	#include<d3dcompiler.h>

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	int WINAPIWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine,int nShowCmd)
	{
	WNDCLASSA wndclass = {0, DefWindowProcA,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,"d7" };

	RegisterClassA(&wndclass);

	HWND window =CreateWindowExA(0,"d7",0,0x91000000,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL featurelevels[] = { D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0 };

	DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapchaindesc = {};
	swapchaindesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;// non-srgb for simplicity here. see other minimal gists for srgb setup
	swapchaindesc.SampleDesc.Count =1;
	swapchaindesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
	swapchaindesc.BufferCount =2;
	swapchaindesc.OutputWindow = window;
	swapchaindesc.Windowed =TRUE;
	swapchaindesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_DISCARD;

	IDXGISwapChain* swapchain;

	ID3D11Device* device;
	ID3D11DeviceContext* devicecontext;

	D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(nullptr, D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,nullptr, D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT, featurelevels,ARRAYSIZE(featurelevels), D3D11_SDK_VERSION, &swapchaindesc, &swapchain, &device,nullptr, &devicecontext);

	swapchain->GetDesc(&swapchaindesc);// get actual dimensions (see lines 94, 98)

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	ID3D11Texture2D* framebuffer;

	swapchain->GetBuffer(0,__uuidof(ID3D11Texture2D), (void**)&framebuffer);// get the swapchain's frame buffer

	ID3D11RenderTargetView* framebufferRTV;

	device->CreateRenderTargetView(framebuffer,nullptr, &framebufferRTV);// make a render target [view] from it

	FLOAT clearcolor[4] = {0.1725f,0.1725f,0.1725f,1.0f };// RGBA

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	ID3DBlob* vertexshaderCSO;

	D3DCompileFromFile(L"gpu.hlsl",0,0,"VsMain","vs_5_0",0,0, &vertexshaderCSO,0);

	ID3D11VertexShader* vertexshader;

	device->CreateVertexShader(vertexshaderCSO->GetBufferPointer(), vertexshaderCSO->GetBufferSize(),0, &vertexshader);

	D3D11_INPUT_ELEMENT_DESC inputelementdesc[] =// maps to vertexdesc struct in gpu.hlsl via semantic names ("POS", "COL")
	{
	{"POS",0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT,0,0, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 },// float2 position (x, y)
	{"COL",0, DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT,0, D3D11_APPEND_ALIGNED_ELEMENT, D3D11_INPUT_PER_VERTEX_DATA,0 },// float3 color (r, g, b)
	};

	ID3D11InputLayout* inputlayout;

	device->CreateInputLayout(inputelementdesc,ARRAYSIZE(inputelementdesc), vertexshaderCSO->GetBufferPointer(), vertexshaderCSO->GetBufferSize(), &inputlayout);

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	ID3DBlob* pixelshaderCSO;

	D3DCompileFromFile(L"gpu.hlsl",0,0,"PsMain","ps_5_0",0,0, &pixelshaderCSO,0);

	ID3D11PixelShader* pixelshader;

	device->CreatePixelShader(pixelshaderCSO->GetBufferPointer(), pixelshaderCSO->GetBufferSize(),0, &pixelshader);

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC rasterizerdesc = { D3D11_FILL_SOLID, D3D11_CULL_NONE };// CULL_NONE to be agnostic of triangle winding order

	ID3D11RasterizerState* rasterizerstate;

	device->CreateRasterizerState(&rasterizerdesc, &rasterizerstate);

	D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport = {0,0, (float)swapchaindesc.BufferDesc.Width, (float)swapchaindesc.BufferDesc.Height,0,1 };

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	float constants[2] = {2.0f / swapchaindesc.BufferDesc.Width, -2.0f / swapchaindesc.BufferDesc.Height };// precalc for simple screen coordinate transform in shader (instead of full-on projection matrix)

	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC constantbufferdesc = {};
	constantbufferdesc.ByteWidth =sizeof(constants) +0xf &0xfffffff0;// constant buffer size must be multiple of 16
	constantbufferdesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_IMMUTABLE;// never updated
	constantbufferdesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;

	D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA constantbufferSRD = { constants };

	ID3D11Buffer* constantbuffer;

	device->CreateBuffer(&constantbufferdesc, &constantbufferSRD, &constantbuffer);

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	#defineMAX_VERTICES1024// arbitrary limit

	structvertexdesc {float x, y, r, g, b; };// float2 position, float3 color

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	D3D11_BUFFER_DESC vertexbufferdesc = {};
	vertexbufferdesc.ByteWidth =sizeof(vertexdesc) * MAX_VERTICES;
	vertexbufferdesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;// updated every frame
	vertexbufferdesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
	vertexbufferdesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;

	ID3D11Buffer* vertexbuffer;

	device->CreateBuffer(&vertexbufferdesc,nullptr, &vertexbuffer);

	UINT stride =sizeof(vertexdesc);
	UINT offset =0;

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	while (true)
	{
	MSG msg;

	while (PeekMessageA(&msg,nullptr,0,0, PM_REMOVE))
	{
	if (msg.message == WM_KEYDOWN)return0;// PRESS ANY KEY TO EXIT
	DispatchMessageA(&msg);
	}

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE vertexbufferMSR;

	devicecontext->Map(vertexbuffer,0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD,0, &vertexbufferMSR);
	{
	vertexdesc* vertex = (vertexdesc*)vertexbufferMSR.pData;

	vertex[0] = {150,100,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f };// vertex x, y, r, g, b
	vertex[1] = {200,250,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f };
	vertex[2] = {100,200,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f };
	}
	devicecontext->Unmap(vertexbuffer,0);

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	devicecontext->ClearRenderTargetView(framebufferRTV, clearcolor);

	devicecontext->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
	devicecontext->IASetInputLayout(inputlayout);
	devicecontext->IASetVertexBuffers(0,1, &vertexbuffer, &stride, &offset);

	devicecontext->VSSetShader(vertexshader,nullptr,0);
	devicecontext->VSSetConstantBuffers(0,1, &constantbuffer);

	devicecontext->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
	devicecontext->RSSetState(rasterizerstate);

	devicecontext->PSSetShader(pixelshader,nullptr,0);

	devicecontext->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &framebufferRTV,nullptr);

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	devicecontext->Draw(3,0);// draw 3 vertices

	///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	swapchain->Present(1,0);
	}
	}

Raw

gpu.hlsl


	cbuffer constants :register(b0)
	{
	float2 rn_screensize;// 2 / width, -2 / height
	}

	struct vertexdesc
	{
	float2 position : POS;
	float3 color : COL;
	};

	struct pixeldesc
	{
	float4 position :SV_POSITION;
	float4 color : COL;
	};

	pixeldescVsMain(vertexdesc vertex)
	{
	pixeldesc output;

	output.position =float4(vertex.position * rn_screensize -float2(1, -1),0,1);
	output.color =float4(vertex.color,1);

	return output;
	}

	float4PsMain(pixeldesc pixel) :SV_TARGET
	{
	return pixel.color;
	}

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Minimal D3D11 bonus material: even simpler 2D