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Fungalpedia – Note 248, Barriopsis

Barriopsis A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous.

Citation when using this entry: Aumentado et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, plant pathogens.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1.

Classification: Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales,Incertae sedis,Dothideomycetes,Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Barriopsis was introduced by Phillips et al. (2008), based on morphological characteristics and molecular sequence data. Initially,Barriopsis was classified asPhysalospora by Stevens (1926), but it was later transferred toPhaeobotryosphaeria by Petrak & Deighton (1952).Barriopsis considered by Stevens (1926) and Petrak & Deighton (1952) did not have apiculi on its ascospores and were not comparable toPhaeobotryosphaeria, which had small, hyaline apiculi on the ascospores. von Arx & Muller (1954) consideredPhaeobotryosphaeria as a synonym ofBotryosphaeria. Phillips et al. (2008) initially designatedBarriopsis fusca, (N.E. Stevens) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous derived fromPhysalospora fusca (Stevens 1926), as the type species ofBarriopsis. However, this designation was inadvertently invalidated whenBotryosphaeria disrupta (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx, & E. Mull. was included as a synonym (Phillips et al. 2013). Hyde et al. (2013) acceptedBarriopsis as a genus inBotryosphaeriaceae. Moreover, Wijayawardene et al. (2017) validated the genusBarriopsis and introducedBarriopsis stevensiana A.J.L. Phillips & Pennycook as the new type species, replacingB. fusca.

Barriopsis are characterised by ascomata that are pseudothecial in nature, dispersed or grouped. They range from brown to black and have walls constructed from multiple layers of angular cells. Pseudoparaphyses are hyaline, smooth, have multiple septa, and are constricted. The asci are bitunicate, clavate with a stipe, and are characterised by thick walls with a substantial endotunica and a well-formed apical chamber. The ascospores lack septa and are ellipsoid to ovoid in shape. As they mature, they turn brown and do not possess terminal apiculi (Phillips et al. 2008). The distinguishing feature of the dark brown, aseptate ascospores ofB. stevensiana is their clear differentiation from the light brown ascospores ofB. disrupta sensu von Arx & Muller (1954). Additionally, ascospores are distinct from hyaline ascospores ofBotryosphaeria disrupta (Berkeley 1876).

Barriopsis was established and identified as the sister taxon toPhaeobotryon, utilising molecular sequence data from SSU, ITS, LSU,tef1-α, andtub2 (Phillips et al. 2008).Barriopsis iraniana was introduced by Abdollahzadeh et al. (2009), based on ITS andtef1-α sequence data.Barriopsis tectonae was introduced by Doilom et al. (2014), based on ITS,tub2, andtef1-α sequence data.Barriopsis archontophoenicis was reported by Konta et al. (2016) utilising ITS, LSU, SSU, andtef1-α sequence data. Tibpromma et al. (2017) introducedB. thailandica using ITS andtef1-α sequence data. Five species were accepted based on a combination of morphological and molecular sequence data based on ITS andtef1-α (Jayawardena et al. 2020).

Barriopsis species primarily act as saprophytes and display limited or weak pathogenicity (Phillips et al. 2008,2013). A pathogenicity test was conducted onTectona grandis twigs which incited a small lesion (Doilom et al. 2020). WhileBarriopsis species possess pathogenic potential, their capacity to cause disease is not fully understood, highlighting the need for further research (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2009,Jayawardena et al. 2020).Barriopsisstevensiana andB. iraniana have been isolated from branches, fruits, and leaves exhibiting various disease symptoms, such as dieback, canker, rot, and necrosis (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2009). These symptoms have been observed in plant hosts such asCitrus species,Cupressus sempervirens,Mangifera indica, andOlea species (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2009). Species within this genus might emerge as significant pathogens in the future (Jayawardena et al. 2020).

Type species: Barriopsis stevensiana AJL Phillips & Pennycook

Other accepted species:

Barriopsis archontophoenicis S. Konta, Boonmee & K.D. Hyde
Barriopsis iraniana Abdollahz., Zare & A.J.L. Phillips
Barriopsis tectonae Doilom, L.A. Shuttlew. & K.D. Hyde
Barriopsis thailandica Dissan., Senan. & K.D. Hyde

Figure 1 – Barriopsis stevensiana. a Ascomata cut through horizontally. b Sections through ascomata. c Mature asci with ascospores. c Ascus with ascospores. d Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 200 μm; c = 20 μm; d, e = 10 μm. Redrawn from Phillips et al. (2008) and Hyde et al. (2020).

References

Abdollahzadeh J, Goltapeh EM, Javadi A, Shams-Bakhsh M et al. 2009 –Barriopsis iraniana andPhaeobotryon cupressi: two new species of theBotryosphaeriaceae from trees in Iran. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 23(1), 1–8.

Berkeley MJ. 1876 – Notices of North American fungi. Grevillea, 4, 105–106.

Doilom MW, Shuttleworth LA, Roux J, Chukeatirote E et al. 2014 –Barriopsis tectonae sp. nov. a new species ofBotryosphaeriaceae fromTectona grandis (teak) in Thailand. Phytotaxa, 176, 81–91.

Dong W, Doilom M, Hyde KD, Phillips A et al. 2020 – Pathogenicity of fiveBotryosphaeriaceae species isolated fromTectona grandis (teak): the pathogenic potential ofLasiodiplodia species. Asian Journal of Mycology, 3(1), 399–407.

Hyde KD, Jones EG, Liu JK, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity, 63, 1–313.

Hyde KD, de Silva NI, Jeewon R, Bhat DJ et al. 2020 – AJOM new records and collections of fungi: 1-100. Asian Journal of Mycology 3(1), 22–294

Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Chen YJ, Papp V et al. 2020 – One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020). Fungal Diversity, 103, 87–218.

Konta S, Phillips AJL, Bahkali AH, Jones EBG et al. 2016 –Botryosphaeriaceae from palms in Thailand-Barriopsis archontophoenicis sp nov, fromArchontophoenix alexandrae. Mycosphere, 7, 921–932.

Petrak F, Deighton FC. 1952 – Beiträge zur Pilzefora von Sierra Leone. Sydowia. 6, 309–322.

Phillips AJL, Alves A, Pennycook SR, Johnston PR et al. 2008 – Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in theBotryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia, 21, 29–55.

Phillips AJL, Alves A, Abdollahzadeh J, Slippers B et al. 2013 – TheBotryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Stud Mycol. 76, 51–167.