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FB2025_05,released December 11, 2025
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FB2025_05,released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\upd3
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\upd3
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
unpaired 3
Annotation Symbol
CG33542
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0053542
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
unpaired 3 (upd3) encodes a "cytokine" (secreted protein) of the Unpaired family that can bind and activate the JAK-STAT receptor encoded bydome. It is induced in hemocytes or in the intestine upon damage to regulate the repair response in these tissues through JAK-STAT activation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

os, Upd, upd-3, Upd-like, outstretched

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-60
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:18277233..18284596
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from expression pattern
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_inoogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from direct assay
involved_inwound healing
inferred from expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from sequence model
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
unpaired 3 (upd3) encodes a "cytokine" (secreted protein) of the Unpaired family that can bind and activate the JAK-STAT receptor encoded bydome. It is induced in hemocytes or in the intestine upon damage to regulate the repair response in these tissues through JAK-STAT activation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNPAIRED FAMILY -
The Unpaired (UPD) family encodes the only known cytokines capable of activating the JAK/STAT pathway in D.mel, by binding the receptordome. This pathway is involved in cell proliferation, embryonic development and stem cell maintenance. (Adapted fromFBrf0232479,FBrf0213113 andFBrf0219535).
Pathway (FlyBase)
JAK-STAT SIGNALING PATHWAY CORE COMPONENTS -
The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor leading to receptor dimerization and the intracellular activation of a Janus kinase (JAK) family member. JAK phosphorylates cytoplasmic STAT family members which dimerize, translocate into the nucleus and regulate target gene expression. In Drosophila, the core pathway is limited to three ligands (the Unpaired family of cytokines), a single receptor (dome), JAK kinase (hop) and STAT (Stat92E). (Adapted fromFBrf0225259).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

interleukin-like ligands of Domeless - activators of JAK/STAT signaling pathway - mutation results in the stripe-specific loss of expression of even-skipped, fushi tarazu, and runt

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view ofDmel\upd3 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use theContact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted byAlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q59E38)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0113465
2221
401
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0112376
45.6
401
11.46
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\upd3 using theFeature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data byVedeleket al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.51

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

upd3 transcript is expressed in the medullary zone and posterior signalling centre of the lymph gland primary lobe, and in scattered cells in the cortical zone.

upd3 is expressed in the gonad at stage 13 when the gonad has just coalesced and later refines anteriorly in the gonad.

upd3 is also expressed in adult hemocytes in response to bacterial challenge.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter:P{upd3-GAL4.A}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

ViewDmel\upd3 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
SeeGelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
upd3
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 16 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 30 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of upd3
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of upd3
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (0)
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:upd3. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    RNA-RNA
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-60
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    17A4-17A4
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence betweenP{EP}ari-1EP317 andP{EP}EP1378
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (39)
    Genomic Clones (16)
    cDNA Clones (3)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please seeJBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
          Other Comments

          upd2 andupd3 exhibit an additive effect in inducing intestinal stem cell proliferation in response to gut infection.

          Gene expression is increased in response to the presence of two copies ofScer\GAL4hs.PB.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: upd3 CG5963 CG15062

          Additional comments

          Annotations CG5963 and CG15062 merged as CG33542 (which corresponds toupd3) in release 4.1 of the genome annotation.

          "upd" and "os" can be genetically separated. This raises the possibility that "os" function may reside with an "upd-like" gene ("upd2" or "upd3").

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (35)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG15062/CG5963
          Unpaireds
          Upd3
          (Hirooka et al., 2025,Krejčová and Bajgar, 2025,Park et al., 2025,Wang et al., 2025,Huang et al., 2024,Joy et al., 2024,Monticelli et al., 2024,Nigg et al., 2024,Sun et al., 2024,Tran et al., 2024,Wang et al., 2024,Zeng et al., 2024,Zhou et al., 2024,Khan et al., 2023,Kietz and Meinander, 2023,Krejčová et al., 2023,Li and Karpac, 2023,Li et al., 2023,Loudhaief et al., 2023,Meng et al., 2023,Prakash et al., 2023,Williams et al., 2023,Benoit et al., 2022,Gera et al., 2022,He et al., 2022,He et al., 2022,Kharrat et al., 2022,Liu et al., 2022,Marchetti et al., 2022,Neophytou and Pitsouli, 2022,Pratomo et al., 2022,Tian et al., 2022,Weina et al., 2022,Yu et al., 2022,Zhang and Edgar, 2022,Bajgar et al., 2021,Bilder et al., 2021,Boumard and Bardin, 2021,Cox et al., 2021,De Groef et al., 2021,Dillard et al., 2021,García-López et al., 2021,Harnish et al., 2021,Hime et al., 2021,Mase et al., 2021,Montanari and Royet, 2021,Morris and Jasper, 2021,Rosendo Machado et al., 2021,Schneider and Imler, 2021,Sciambra and Chtarbanova, 2021,Colombani and Andersen, 2020,Funk et al., 2020,Hao et al., 2020,Horne-Badovinac, 2020,Krautz et al., 2020,Kwon et al., 2020,Tafesh-Edwards and Eleftherianos, 2020,Tafesh-Edwards and Eleftherianos, 2020,Zhou et al., 2020,Ho et al., 2019,Powers and Srivastava, 2019,Sanuki et al., 2019,Baillon et al., 2018,Takeda et al., 2018,Yu et al., 2018,Daisley et al., 2017,Gervais and Bardin, 2017,Houtz et al., 2017,Kim et al., 2017,Liu and Jin, 2017,Liu and Jin, 2017,Liu et al., 2017,Mussabekova et al., 2017,Zhou et al., 2017,Alaraby et al., 2016,Fisher et al., 2016,Jiang et al., 2016,Toggweiler et al., 2016,Vanha-Aho et al., 2016,Bae et al., 2015,Buchon and Osman, 2015,Gold and Brückner, 2015,Nie et al., 2015,Pasco et al., 2015,Vlisidou and Wood, 2015,Wang et al., 2015,Zhou et al., 2015,Bausek and Zeidler, 2014,Chakrabarti et al., 2014,Guo et al., 2014,Huang et al., 2014,Kux and Pitsouli, 2014,Bausek, 2013,Buchon et al., 2013,Fossett, 2013,Kuraishi et al., 2013,Mbodj et al., 2013,Morin-Poulard et al., 2013,Oldefest et al., 2013,Zeidler and Bausek, 2013,Zoranovic et al., 2013,Amoyel and Bach, 2012,Gurudatta et al., 2012,Igboin et al., 2012,Kounatidis and Ligoxygakis, 2012,Liu et al., 2012,Apidianakis and Rahme, 2011,Biteau et al., 2011,Crozatier and Vincent, 2011,Jiang et al., 2011,Stec and Zeidler, 2011,Wright et al., 2011,Zhao et al., 2011,Ren et al., 2010,Jiang et al., 2009,Sotillos et al., 2008,Pei and Harrison, 2007)
          od
          odsy
          sy
          unpaired 3
          upd3
          (Dong and Cheng, 2025,Dong et al., 2025,Geng et al., 2025,He et al., 2025,Kang et al., 2025,Kong et al., 2025,Kumar et al., 2025,Lee et al., 2025,Ping et al., 2025,Sun et al., 2025,Yuan et al., 2025,Zhou et al., 2025,Balakireva et al., 2024,Eslahi et al., 2024,Feng et al., 2024,Fioriti et al., 2024,Gera et al., 2024,Guo et al., 2024,Hersperger et al., 2024,Ju et al., 2024,Kinoshita et al., 2024,Lee, 2024,Li et al., 2024,Li et al., 2024,Liu et al., 2024,Luo et al., 2024,Mancheno-Ferris et al., 2024,Meng et al., 2024,Meyer et al., 2024,Rodríguez-Vázquez et al., 2024,Vesala et al., 2024,Arias-Rojas et al., 2023,Bajgar and Krejčová, 2023,Barrio et al., 2023,Bland, 2023,Chen et al., 2023,Floc'hlay et al., 2023,Heigwer et al., 2023,Jiang et al., 2023,Kim et al., 2023,Kinoshita et al., 2023,Kuyateh and Obbard, 2023,Li et al., 2023,Molina-Gil et al., 2023,Nagai et al., 2023,Neophytou et al., 2023,Petsakou et al., 2023,Tuo et al., 2023,Xu et al., 2023,Yamada et al., 2023,Zhou and Boutros, 2023,Cao et al., 2022,Eickelberg et al., 2022,Evans et al., 2022,Keshav et al., 2022,Koranteng et al., 2022,Kubrak et al., 2022,Marshall and Dionne, 2022,Prakash et al., 2022,Shen et al., 2022,Worley and Hariharan, 2022,Wu et al., 2022,Bonfini et al., 2021,Cai et al., 2021,Destalminil-Letourneau et al., 2021,Ding et al., 2021,Dong et al., 2021,Gogia et al., 2021,Higareda Alvear et al., 2021,Joy et al., 2021,Kim et al., 2021,Sanhueza et al., 2021,Slaidina et al., 2021,Tiwari and Mandal, 2021,Watson et al., 2021,Yamashita et al., 2021,Ahmed et al., 2020,Bajpai et al., 2020,Chen et al., 2020,Cho et al., 2020,Dai et al., 2020,Harris et al., 2020,Huang et al., 2020,Jacqueline et al., 2020,Kierdorf et al., 2020,La Marca and Richardson, 2020,Ma et al., 2020,Makhnovskii et al., 2020,Maselko et al., 2020,Moore et al., 2020,Nagai et al., 2020,Ramond et al., 2020,Sharma et al., 2020,Statzer and Ewald, 2020,Strilbytska et al., 2020,Strilbytska et al., 2020,Vizcaya-Molina et al., 2020,von Frieling et al., 2020,Wei et al., 2020,Xu et al., 2020,Younes et al., 2020,Ahlers et al., 2019,Asri et al., 2019,Bailetti et al., 2019,Banerjee et al., 2019,Barik and Mishra, 2019,Gultekin and Steller, 2019,Herrera and Bach, 2019,Hill et al., 2019,Ho et al., 2019,Houtz et al., 2019,Hudry et al., 2019,Ji et al., 2019,Khezri and Rusten, 2019,Lin et al., 2019,Mundorf et al., 2019,Nie et al., 2019,Reedy et al., 2019,Sanchez Bosch et al., 2019,Si et al., 2019,Singh et al., 2019,Troha and Buchon, 2019,Xu et al., 2019,Zhang et al., 2019,Ahmed-de-Prado et al., 2018,Akagi et al., 2018,Bazzi et al., 2018,Doupé et al., 2018,Gáliková and Klepsatel, 2018,Hori et al., 2018,La Fortezza et al., 2018,Li et al., 2018,Obata et al., 2018,Prange et al., 2018,Tokusumi et al., 2018,Ueda et al., 2018,Vicente et al., 2018,Beshel et al., 2017,Katheder et al., 2017,Kenmoku et al., 2017,Lee et al., 2017,Péan et al., 2017,Takemura and Nakato, 2017,Terriente-Félix et al., 2017,Tian et al., 2017,Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-,Wang et al., 2017,Zhang et al., 2017,Atkins et al., 2016,Fink et al., 2016,Guillou et al., 2016,Guo et al., 2016,Hoi et al., 2016,Shen et al., 2016,Shih et al., 2016,Tian et al., 2016,Toggweiler et al., 2016,Wang et al., 2016,Ayyaz et al., 2015,Doggett et al., 2015,Katsuyama et al., 2015,Külshammer et al., 2015,Patel et al., 2015,Santabárbara-Ruiz et al., 2015,Shapiro-Kulnane et al., 2015,Woodcock et al., 2015,Xia et al., 2015,Zang et al., 2015,Zhai et al., 2015,Chambers et al., 2014,Evans et al., 2014,Fernando et al., 2014,Huang et al., 2014,Kux and Pitsouli, 2014,Li et al., 2014,Wang et al., 2014,Yu et al., 2014,Aleksic et al., 2013,Djiane et al., 2013,Garcia et al., 2013,Guo et al., 2013,Kemp et al., 2013,Kingsolver et al., 2013,Morin-Poulard et al., 2013,Sinha et al., 2013,Zhou et al., 2013,Zoranovic et al., 2013,Amoyel and Bach, 2012,Chakrabarti et al., 2012,Cordero et al., 2012,Kelsey et al., 2012,Osman et al., 2012,Osman et al., 2012,Poernbacher et al., 2012,Rajan and Perrimon, 2012,Feng et al., 2011,Jiang et al., 2011,Karpac et al., 2011,Kuraishi et al., 2011,Marcu et al., 2011,Opota et al., 2011,Paredes et al., 2011,Sinenko et al., 2011,Wright et al., 2011,Beebe et al., 2010,Buchon et al., 2010,Makki et al., 2010,Shaw et al., 2010,Sotillos et al., 2010,Wu et al., 2010,Buchon et al., 2009,Buchon et al., 2009,Classen et al., 2009,Jacques et al., 2009,Liu and Lehmann, 2008,López-Onieva et al., 2008,Pastor-Pareja et al., 2008,Rivas et al., 2008,Sexton and Harrison, 2008,Wang and Harrison, 2008,Avila and Erickson, 2007,Sexton and Harrison, 2007,Wang and Harrison, 2007,Brun et al., 2006,Hombria et al., 2005,Wawersik et al., 2005)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0030909
          • FBgn0030910
          • FBgn0069074
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          References (533)

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