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FB2025_05,released December 11, 2025
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FB2025_05,released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\ppk
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ppk
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pickpocket
Annotation Symbol
CG3478
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0020258
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
pickpocket (ppk) encodes an acid-sensing sodium channel from the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family. It contributes to mechanical nociception, larval behavior and dendrite morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

ppk1, pickpocket1, dmdNaC1, BG:DS06238.1 , pickpocket 1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-50
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:14378218..14381172
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor withPANTHER:PTN000189658
inferred from sequence or structural similarity withMGI:MGI:101782
Biological Process (10 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_inproprioception
inferred from mutant phenotype
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor withPANTHER:PTN000189658
inferred from sequence or structural similarity withMGI:MGI:101782
Cellular Component (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_inmembrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity withMGI:MGI:101782
is_active_inplasma membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor withPANTHER:PTN000189658
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
pickpocket (ppk) encodes an acid-sensing sodium channel from the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family. It contributes to mechanical nociception, larval behavior and dendrite morphogenesis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
PICKPOCKET ION CHANNELS -
The degenerin (DEG)/epithial Na+ channel (ENaC) gene family, known as the pickpocket genes in Drosophila, encodes subunits of non-voltage gated, amiloride-sensitive cation channels. Channels may be formed by homo- or heteromeric arrangements of subunits. Each subunit has two transmembrane domains and a large cysteine-rich extracellular loop domain. They are functionally diverse, with roles in fluid and salt absorbance, mechanosensation and chemosensation. (Adapted fromFBrf0220901 andFBrf0159284).
MECHANOSENSITIVE PICKPOCKET ION CHANNELS -
Pickpocket (PPK) ion channels are transmembrane sodium ion channels. Some members of the PPK family have been shown to be gated by mechanical stimulation (Adapted fromFBrf0248531.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family - plays an essential role in controlling rhythmic locomotion by providing mechanosensory signal transduction of proprioceptive sensory information

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view ofDmel\ppk for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use theContact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted byAlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7KT94)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0080638
2462
606
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.7 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0080210
69.4
606
4.94
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

606 (aa); 69 (kD predicted)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ppk using theFeature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data byVedeleket al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.19

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

ppk transcript is detected in embryonic, larval, and adult stages.ppk transcript and protein expression is detected in a subset of peripheral neurons in embryos starting at stage 17, and in early larvae. The subset of PNS neurons in which expression is detected are multidendritic neurons of the dendritic arborizing type. In abdominal segments A1-A7,ppk expression is detected in 1 of 6 dmd neurons, in the v'ada neuron, and in 1 of 5 vmd neurons. In thoracic segments,ppk expression is detected in 1 of 6 dmd neurons, and in 1 ofv'md neurons.

Low levels ofppk transcript expression are detected in early embryos using RT-PCR. Levels are higher in late embryos (14-16 hr), and expression is also detected in larvae, pupae, and adults. Using in situ hybridization, a segmentally repeated pattern of expression is detected in a subset of PNS cells during late embryogenesis. Two groups of neurons (dmd5 and v'md5) are stained in thoracic segments, and three groups (dmd6, v'ada, and vmd5) are stained in abdominal segments. The staining neurons belong to the dendritic arborizing subclas of multidentritic neurons.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

ppk transcript and protein expression is detected in a subset of peripheral nervous system neurons in embryos starting at stage 17, and in early larvae. The subset of PNS neurons in which expression is detected are multidendritic neurons of the dendritic arborizing type. In abdominal segments A1-A7,ppk expression is detected in 1 of 6 dmd neurons, in the v'ada neuron, and in 1 of 5 vmd neurons. In thoracic segments,ppk expression is detected in 1 of 5 dmd neurons, and in 1 of 5 v'md neurons.

Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-EGFP.1}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-GAL4.1.0}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-GAL4.1.9}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-GAL4.G}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-GAL4.H}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-GAL4.U}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-lexA.E}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-lexA.G}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-lexA-GAD}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Reporter:P{ppk-Switch.R}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

ViewDmel\ppk in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
SeeGelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
ppk
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ppk
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ppk
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
2  
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
1  
4 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (8)
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (8)
8 of 14
Yes
No
8 of 14
Yes
No
8 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (16)
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
5 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
Yes
4 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
No
3 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
8 of 14
Yes
No
8 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
No
No
7 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (28)
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
7 of 14
Yes
No
6 of 14
No
No
6 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
5 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
4 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
3 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
No
2 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (24)
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ppk. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (31)
10 of 13
10 of 13
10 of 13
10 of 13
10 of 13
10 of 13
8 of 13
7 of 13
7 of 13
7 of 13
6 of 13
6 of 13
6 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
5 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
4 of 13
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    2L
    Recombination map
    2-50
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    35B1-35B1
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence betweenP{lacW}l(2)34Fak00811&P{PZ}wb09437 andP{EP}elBEP2039&P{PZ}osprJ571
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    35A1-35A4
    35B1-35B4
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    35A1-35A4
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (26)
    Genomic Clones (25)
    cDNA Clones (67)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please seeJBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        ppk encodes an acid-sensing ion channel in class IV multidendritic sensory neurons.

        Mutant larvae show an increase in crawling speed and an unusual straight path with fewer stops and turns than wild-type larvae. This enhanced locomotion is due to a higher frequency of sustained peristaltic contraction wave cycling and a significant decrease in the pause period between contraction cycles.

        ppk is not a vital gene.

        ppk has been cloned and characterised.

        ppk has been cloned and sequenced, and its expression pattern has been analysed.

        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: ppk CG3478

        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (20)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        mdNaC1
        pkt
        ppk
        (Yoshino et al., 2025,Luedke et al., 2024,Mitchell et al., 2023,Dzaki et al., 2022,Gong et al., 2022,Hale et al., 2022,Jang et al., 2022,Li et al., 2022,Liu et al., 2022,Ratnaparkhi and Sudhakaran, 2022,Saha et al., 2022,Gowda et al., 2021,Crava et al., 2020,Jiang et al., 2020,Zhang et al., 2020,He et al., 2019,Mahishi and Huetteroth, 2019,Bachtel et al., 2018,Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-,Jang et al., 2018,Kim et al., 2018,Yan et al., 2018,Neuert et al., 2017,Onodera et al., 2017,Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-,Lee et al., 2016,Seidner et al., 2015,Guo et al., 2014,Mauthner et al., 2014,Rezával et al., 2014,Haussmann et al., 2013,Itskov and Ribeiro, 2013,Pavlou and Goodwin, 2013,Vandersmissen et al., 2013,Zelle et al., 2013,Ben-Shahar, 2012.2.9,Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21,Kim et al., 2012,McGurk and Bonini, 2012,Nilius and Honoré, 2012,Ben-Shahar, 2011,Karim and Moore, 2011,Rolls, 2011,Chen et al., 2010,Ribeiro and Dickson, 2010,Schoenmann et al., 2010,Wegman et al., 2010,Yasunaga et al., 2010,Zhong et al., 2010,Häsemeyer et al., 2009,Lee et al., 2009,Parrish et al., 2009,Roote, 2009.11.24,Shimono et al., 2009,Zlatic et al., 2009,Crozatier and Vincent, 2008,Horner and Wolfner, 2008,Zheng et al., 2008,Grueber et al., 2007,Jinushi-Nakao et al., 2007,Emoto et al., 2006,Kimura et al., 2006)
        Name Synonyms
        Pickpocket
        multidendritic neurons sodium channel 1
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 39 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (218)

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