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1:2image byŽeljko Heimer,30 Nov 2003The green represents Country's vegetation and land resources. The yellowrepresents the country's mineral wealth. The red represents the blood spiltduring the liberation struggle. Black represents the black majority. TheZimbabwe Bird is the National Emblem of Zimbabwe. The white triangle stands for peaceand the "way forward". The Red Star stands for internationalism (and reflects theruling party's socialist credentials).
Željko Heimer, 19 Nov 1995 andBruce Berry, 20 Nov 1995
A leaflet from the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunications, Causeway,Zimbabwe (Printed by the Government Printer, Harare) in July 1983 gives thefollowing explanation for the colours and symbols of the Zimbabwean flag:
Page 1 shows the flag (with irregular star!) and page 2 provides a graphical explanation of thevarious elements of the flag:
black stripe - for the black majority.
red stripe - blood spilled during the armed struggle.
yellow stripe - the country's mineral wealth.
green stripe - the vegetation and agriculture.
white triangle - peace.
red star - the nation's aspirations.
yellow bird - the national emblem.
Željko Heimer, 02 May 2004
The colours of the flag of Zimbabwe are based on those of the flag of the ruling party, theZimbabwe African National Union (Patriotic Front ) (ZANU(PF). The party flag has a central panel ofblack. This was bordered outwards to the edge by rings of red, yellow and green. If you look at the order of the stripes on the Zimbabwe flag, you will see that they follow this same sequence.
The white triangle is for peace. The red star is for socialism. The Zimbabwe Bird is the national emblem.
Michael Faul,24 Apr 2008
Great website! I am Zimbabwean and always wanted to know who designed our flag.
Mahendra Keshav,23 Apr 2008
The Flag Bulletin (XX:1) states that the design of the new Zimbabwe flag "was submitted by a government independence celebrations committee headed by Mr Richard Hove, the Minister of Public Works". According to a letter sent to the Flag Research Center by Flight Lieutenant Cederic Herbert of the thenRhodesian Air Force (and a member of the Rhodesian Heraldry & Genealogy Society), the initial design did not include theZimbabwe Bird, and that this "was added [to the design] after I had pointed out its uniqueness and history". So while Mr Herbert influenced the final design, it cannot be said that he is the actual designer has been previously mentioned.
The same Flag Bulletin article reported that on 25 March 1980, the then Prime Minister-elect (later President), Robert Mugabe saw and approved the final design which was made public the following
day.
Bruce Berry,25 Apr 2008
Presidential Order No. 16 of 1980 subsequently enacted as the Flag ofZimbabwe Act (Act 22/1985) is as follows:
An Act to provide for the design of the Flag of Zimbabwe and for matters connected with or incidental to the foregoing.[Date of commencement: 18th April, 1980.]
1 Short title
This Act may be cited as the Flag of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 10:10].
2 Interpretation
In this Act -
"Flag" means the Flag of Zimbabwe referred to in section three;
"Minister" means the Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs or any other Minister to whom the President may, from time totime, assign the administration of the Act.
3 Design of Flag of Zimbabwe
The Flag of Zimbabwe shall be as depicted and described in the Schedule.
4 Deposit of Flag in National Archives
The Minister shall cause a copy of the Flag to be prepared and deposited in the National Archives established in terms of theNational Archives of Zimbabwe Act [Chapter 25:06].
5 Regulations
(1) The President may make such regulations as he considers necessary or convenient for the purpose of protecting the Flag from any use orapplication which, in his opinion, is improper.
(2) Regulations made in terms of subsection (1) may provide regulation, control, restriction or prohibition of -
(a) the importation, manufacture, sale, loan, use, possession, wearing or display of the Flag or any reproduction or likeness thereof;
(b) the application to, or use on, any matter or thing whatsoever of the Flag or any reproduction or likeness thereof.
(3) Regulations made in terms of subsection (1) may provide penalties for any contravention thereof, including the forfeiture of any matteror thing in respect of which or in connection with which the contravention occurred:
Providing that no such penalty, excluding such forfeiture, shall exceed a fine of two thousand dollars orimprisonment for a period of two years or both such fine and such imprisonment.
6 Protection of the Flag
Any person who burns, mutilates or otherwise insults the Flag or a flag which resembles or is intended to resemble the Flag or anyreproduction thereof, in circumstances which are calculated or likely to show disrespect, shall be guilty of an offence and liable to afine not exceeding one thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years.
SCHEDULE (Section 3)
FLAG OF ZIMBABWE
[[picture of the flag]]
Description of the Flag:
Vert, on a fess gules, fimbriated by two bars to form a bar sable, issuant from dexter a pile argent fimbriated sable charged with aMolet of five points gules debruised by a representation of the Great Zimbabwe Bird.
The Zimbabwe National Flag is thus a seven striped flag of equal horizontal stripes of green-yellow-red-
black-red-yellow-green with a black fimbriated white triangle at hoist containing a red five-pointed star and the yellow GreatZimbabwe bird in proportions or 1:2.
Željko Heimer, 30 Nov 2003
image byŽeljko Heimer,30 Nov 2003
Attached to the Act I have received from Christopher Southworth is a coloured drawing of the flag (larger then theone in the actual Schedule), with construction lines dawn into it, but with no figures. I believe that this is not a part of the official document,but somebody's (possibly William Crampton's?) study of the flag. Anyway, fromthis Chris got the construction details which I have interpreted as follows:
Seven equal horizontal stripes 18 units each in 1:2 flag, i.e. 126 x 252 units.
The white triangle is isosceles with base at hoist and height of 84 units. It is fimbriated outside this toward fly with black stripewith a width of 3 units. This fimbriation merges with the central black stripe.The Great Zimbabwe Bird emblem is 40 units long and 46 units high. The distance from hoist to the emblem is 16 units, from top 36 units(and then from bottom is 44 units). The star is constructed with a center in a point 34 units from hoiston the horizontal median.
The star is constructed with the help of four imaginary concentric circles (with center in the point described above) with radii of 32,27.5, 16 and 13 units. If one numbers the points (including the "inner points") with number 1 though 10, where 1 is the topmost pointand proceeding clockwise (well, the orientation is of no matter there since the star is vertically symmetrical) then the points are on theradii as follows 1:32, 2:16, 3:32, 4:13, 5:27.5, 6:13, 7:27.5, 8:13, 9:32, 10:16, each being 36 degrees from the other.While there is the black fimbriation on the bird, there is no black lines outlining the red star.
The most important thing to note here is that the red star is not a regular one, but has rays of various length, as shall be seen fromthe construction sheet.
Željko Heimer, 30 Nov 2003
star.gif)
image byŽeljko Heimer,30 Nov 2003
The copy of the Zimbabwe Flag Act sent to Željko was taken from the Flag Institute files, but thecolour picture was obtained later. I'm afraid that the scribbles on it are mineand not William Crampton's, so any errors drawn from them are down to me.
Christopher Southworth,30 Nov 2003
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sent byJaumeOlle, 30 Nov 2003
The photo of the flag in the picture with President Mugabe shows the star andBird with different specifications to that in the construction sheet (outlinedabove).
Jaume Olle, 30 Nov 2003
Checking the Shipmate flag chart made under the auspices of the Flag ResearchCentre, it seems to me that it also has the irregular star. On the other hand, Graham Bartram'ssite shows the regular star.
Željko Heimer, 01 Dec 2003
This leads us into the de facto versus de jure nature of flags, flag designand specifications. This question over the official star design could probably be answered best by a flag manufacturer in Harare.I do know that at least two, if not three, major US manufacturers use flags with the star design shown in Jaume's photo.
Paige Herring, 02 Dec 2003
I don't think that it can be any secret that I'm firmly on the side ofdejure when it comes to specifying flags, but that aside, I'm afraid that I must disagree quite strongly with Paige over the above suggestion.
No disrespect to flag manufacturers whatsoever, but it seems to me that they quite often rely on the committed and experienced vexillologist to providethem with information (which is as it should be), rather than the other way around? On the other hand, I would suggest that one question which couldquite properly be asked of the flag manufacturers in Harare is - 'do you have any official information which post-dates that in our possession', butI would also suggest that this is a question which is far better directed to the Government department concerned?
Again with no disrespect intended to either flag manufacturers (or indeed to Paige), but I would think that themajority of equally reputable British flag manufacturers also show the flag ofZimbabwe with an even star (I am
only certain of one), but this still makes it incorrect according to the onlyofficial information we have.
Christopher Southworth, 03 Dec 2003
I have a Zimbabwe flag made in the 1980s by William Smith & Gourock, a Harare flag maker which supplied flags to thegovernment. The star on that flag is the more standard shape (as used on US flags), not the broad star shown in Željko'sschematic.
Devereaux Cannon, 03 Dec 2003
zbird.gif)
image byMartin Grieve, 03 June 2005
The Great Zimbabwe Bird is the national emblem of Zimbabwe. It is found on the country's coat of arms, banknotes and coins. It is used by the national sports teams and is part of numerous badges and logos of various institutions and organisations. As Martin points out, the design of the Bird is not always exactly the same as seen from the flag specifications, the version on the currency and on the coat of arms etc. An example of a variation in the design is that used as the fin flash for theAir Force of Zimbabwe as shown below.
image byŽeljko Heimer, 01 Dec 2003
The origin of the emblem are a number of soapstone carvings found at the Great Zimbabwe Ruins. The ruins are an Iron Age site 27km south-east of the town of Masvingo in the centre of the country and is the remains of a town built between 1200 and 1450 AD. The word 'zimbabwe' is derived from the Shona wordsdzimba dza mabwe and means "house of stone". Archaeologists and historians believe that from the 13th to 15th centuries Great Zimbabwe was the capital of a large area in southern Africa. Throughout the area there are a number of smaller but similar ruins.
Bruce Berry, 04 June 2005
Great Zimbabwe National monument was inscribed on theUNESCO World Heritage List, with the following notice.
The ruins of Great Zimbabwe � the capital of the Queen of Sheba, according to an age-old legend � are a unique testimony to the Bantu civilization of the Shona between the 11th and 15th centuries. The city, which covers an area of nearly 80 ha, was an important trading centre and was renowned from the Middle Ages onwards.
The Great Enclosure, which has the form of an ellipsis, is located to the south of the hills and dates to the 14th century. It was built of cut granite blocks, laid in regular courses, and contains a series of daga-hut living quarters, a community area, and a narrow passage leading to a high conical tower. The bricks (daga) were made from a mixture of granitic sand and clay. Huts were built within the stone enclosure walls; inside each community area other walls mark off each family's area, generally comprising a kitchen, two living huts and a court.
Ivan Sache, 08 Apr 2017
bird1.jpg)
bird2.jpg)
sent byJ. Patrick Fischer, 16 Dec 2005
I was in Zimbabwe in 1998 and was looking in Harare for a national flag. I found a big flag manufacturer and was lucky to find flags of good quality. As there has been a long discussion on what the Zimbabwean bird looks like, here is a photo of my Zimbabwean flag. I added a stone copy of the sculptures which were the origin of this national symbol.
J. Patrick Fischer, 16 Dec 2005
image byŽeljko Heimer, 18 Dec 2005
Thanks for the photos, the original stone bird does look interestingwhile the photo of the flag enables me to redraw the bird and the star.
According to my assessment from the photo and using the overall sizeof the flag as 126 x 252 as we have in our previous construction sheetsfor comparison, the star is inscribed in a circle with diameterabout 60 units and its center slightly moved upwards (3 units). Thebird dimensions are approximately 27x36 units, center of this square being about 3 units toward the fly from the center of the circle.
Željko Heimer, 18 Dec 2005
I must confess to never having seen a Zimbabwean national flag withwriting on it. Seems it was a once off for that particular ceremony.
Bruce Berry, 21 Aug 2002
![[CoA of Zimbabwe]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fflagspot.net%2fflags%2f..%2fimages%2fz%2fzw-coa.gif)
image sent by Dov Gutterman, 26 Mar 1999;adopted:21 September 1981The green shield represents the fertility of our soil while the blueand white wavy lines symbolise the water which brings prosperity. The representationof Great Zimbabwe stands for the historical heritage of the nation. Therifle and hoe represent the transition from war to peace. The wreath isformed of twisted strips of gold and green silk, and represents the miningand agricultural enterprise which protects our national economy. This supportsthe crest in which the star is an ancient symbol of hope for the future,tinctured red to remind us of the suffering of all our peoples and theneed to avoid any recurrence of that suffering. The star bears theGreatZimbabwe Birdwhich has become our distinctive national emblem. The kuduin their natural colours display a harmonious blend of black, white andbrown which may be taken to symbolise the unity of purpose of the variousethnic groups which comprise the people of this country. The earthen moundbears the plants which give food and clothing to the people and the mottoreminds us of our need to maintain a desire for national unity and thewill to work, in order to preserve the freedom which we enjoy.
Dov Gutterman, 26 Mar 1999
There was no new Coat of Arms adopted during theZimbabwe Rhodesia period(June 1979 to Dec 1979) or during interim period between Dec1979 and Apr 1980 when the country returned to its former status as a BritishColony. The Rhodesian Coat of Arms (found in the centre of theRhodesian flag) continued to be used until 12 September1981 when the new Zimbabwe Arms were adopted. The heraldic description ofthe blazon is as follows:
Arms: Vert, a representation of a portion of the Great Zimbabwe proper,on a chief argent seven pallets wavy Azure. behind the shield are placedin saltire an agricultural hoe, blade pointed Dexter and an AK 47 automaticrifle in bend sinister, foresight uppermost, all proper.
Crest: On a wreath Or and Vert a mullet Gules debruised by a representationof the Great Zimbabwe Bird Or.
Supporters: On either side a kudu proper upon an earthen mound adornedwith stalks of wheat, a cotton boll and a head of maize, all proper.
Motto: Unity, Freedom, Work
Bruce Berry, 29 Mar 1999