Civil War Union Brigadier General. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. On April 20, 1861, he entered Federal service as a Captain of the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry. Although his first command marched away from the front on the day before First Bull Run, he returned as the head of the 53rd Pennsylvania, with the rank of Colonel. He led it in the Peninsula Campaign. At Antietam he commanded a brigade but was back with his regiment at Fredericksburg. There he was given permanent command of the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division of II Corps, which he directed at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. At the latter he was wounded in the Wheatfield fight, on the second day, when he was sent to the relief of Daniel Sickles' 3rd Corps. During his recovery he commanded a camp for convalescents in Pennsylvania in the winter of 1863 to 1864. Returning to field duty in time for the Overland Campaign, he fought at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania before falling wounded in the assault at Cold Harbor on June 3rd. This wound forced him from the field for ten months during part of which, from September 1864 to the Spring of 1865, he was assigned to court-martial duty. With the war almost over he was given a divisional command in the Shenandoah Valley. In 1866 he was mustered out of the volunteer service as a brevet Major General. That same year, he joined the regular army as Lieutenant Colonel. He was promoted to Colonel in 1879; Brigadier General in 1888, and reached the rank of Major General in 1897. During the Spanish-American War, he took part in the Puerto Rico Campaign under Nelson A. Miles and served as military governor first of Puerto Rico and then of Cuba after evacuation of islands by Spain. He then headed the Department of the East, before being forced to retire due to reaching the retirement age of 64. Living for another two dozen years, he was the next to last Union general to die of the 583 Union generals of full rank.

Civil War Union Brigadier General. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. On April 20, 1861, he entered Federal service as a Captain of the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry. Although his first command marched away from the front on the day before First Bull Run, he returned as the head of the 53rd Pennsylvania, with the rank of Colonel. He led it in the Peninsula Campaign. At Antietam he commanded a brigade but was back with his regiment at Fredericksburg. There he was given permanent command of the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division of II Corps, which he directed at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. At the latter he was wounded in the Wheatfield fight, on the second day, when he was sent to the relief of Daniel Sickles' 3rd Corps. During his recovery he commanded a camp for convalescents in Pennsylvania in the winter of 1863 to 1864. Returning to field duty in time for the Overland Campaign, he fought at the Wilderness and Spotsylvania before falling wounded in the assault at Cold Harbor on June 3rd. This wound forced him from the field for ten months during part of which, from September 1864 to the Spring of 1865, he was assigned to court-martial duty. With the war almost over he was given a divisional command in the Shenandoah Valley. In 1866 he was mustered out of the volunteer service as a brevet Major General. That same year, he joined the regular army as Lieutenant Colonel. He was promoted to Colonel in 1879; Brigadier General in 1888, and reached the rank of Major General in 1897. During the Spanish-American War, he took part in the Puerto Rico Campaign under Nelson A. Miles and served as military governor first of Puerto Rico and then of Cuba after evacuation of islands by Spain. He then headed the Department of the East, before being forced to retire due to reaching the retirement age of 64. Living for another two dozen years, he was the next to last Union general to die of the 583 Union generals of full rank.

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