National motto: ძალა ერთობაშია Dzala Ertobashia Strength is in Unity
Joorjiya (საქართველო, Sakartvelo) koleydiYuroopu fuɗnaange e Aasiya hirnaange.[1][2][3] Nde jeyaa ko e diiwaan Kaukasus, nde keerorii ko maayo ɓaleejo to bannge hirnaange, Riisi to bannge worgo e worgo-fuɗnaange, Turki to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange, Armeni to bannge worgo, e Azerbaijaan to fuɗnaange-rewo. Joorjiya ina waɗi 69,700 sq mi (26,900 sq mi).[4] Ina waɗi yimɓe 3,7 miliyoŋ,[5] tawi ko ɓuri tataɓal ina nguuri e laamorgo leydi ndii e wuro ɓurngo mawnude, hono Tibilisi. Joorjiyanaaɓe, jeyaaɓe e diiwaan hee, ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe leydi ndii, ko kamɓe ngoni leñol tiitoonde mum.
Joorjiya ko hoɗɓe gila e taariindi, ko ɗoon woni nokkuuji ɓurɗi anndeede e winndere nde ngam waɗde diƴƴe, njulaagu kaŋŋe, e njulaagu mbaylaandi.[6][7] Jamanuuji ɓooyɗi ɗii, laamlaamuuji keewɗi peeñii, ko wayi no Kolchis e Iberia, ko ɗum woni nokku ɗo laamu Joorjiya hannde nguu woni ɗoo. E fuɗɗoode teeminannde nayaɓere, Joorjiyanaaɓe njaɓi diine kerecee en e dow laabi, ɗum addani ɓe hawrude e laamu Joorjiya. Joorjiya yottii duuɓi mum kaŋŋe e nder yontaaji hakkundeeji toowɗi e laamu laamɗo David IV e laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Tamar. Puɗɗagol e teeminannde 15ɓiire, laamu nguu ustii, ngu sankii sabu luural nder leydi ndii e tiiɗnaare ummoraade e laamuuji diiwaanuuji keewɗi, ina jeyaa heen Mongol en, Laamu Ottoman en, e Perse, hade mum naatde seeɗa-seeɗa e Laamu Riisi fuɗɗoraade hitaande 1801.
Caggal njiimaandi Riisi e hitaande 1917, Joorjiya yalti ko juuti e nder republique jeytaare e les njiimaandi Almaañ.[8] Kono leydi ndii yani e konu boɗeejo, heɓti ɗum e hitaande 1921; ndeen ndi jeyaa ko e republiqueeji Dental Sowiyet. E kitaale 1980, dillere ndimaagu mawni ko yaawi, addani Joorjiya seertude e Dental Sowiyet e lewru abriil 1991. Ko ɓuri heewde e duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii, leydi ndii muñii caɗeele faggudu, ŋakkeende kisal politik, e hareeji seertude e nder Abkhazia e Oseti worgo. Caggal wolde Rose jamyameere e hitaande 2003, politik caggal leydi ballitoowo hirnaange addani jokkondiral mum e Riisi ɓeydaade bonde, haa arti noon e wolde Riisi e Joorjiya e hitaande 2008, e jokkude heɓtude nokkuuji Joorgiya.
Joorjiya ko demokaraasi wakiliijo laamiiɗo no republique parlemaa gooto.[9][10] Ko leydi ƴellitoori, jogiindi tolno ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi, e faggudu luumooji ƴellitooji. Reformeeji faggudu mawɗi gila 2003 ngaddi ko gooto e ngonkaaji njulaagu ɓurɗi welde e winndere ndee, ndimaagu faggudu ɓurngu mawnude e laaɓal, e nder ɓurɓe yaawde ɓeydagol PIB.[11] E hitaande 2018, Joorjiya wonti leydi ɗiɗmiri laawɗinde ganndal, kadi ko kañum woni leydi gadani gonnooɗo sosiyaalist waɗde ɗum. Joorjiya ko tergal e pelle winndereeje keewɗe, ina jeyaa heen Diiso Yuroopu, Eurocontrol, BSEC, GUAM, e Fedde Enerji. E nder fedde Trio, Joorjiya ko kanndidaa laawɗuɗo ngam jeyeede e Dental Yuroopu.[12] Gila oktoobar 2024, Joorjiya woni ko e caɗeele politik luggiɗɗe.
Joorjiya ko leydi koɗli, ko famɗi fof ko e nder Kaukasus worgo, won heen nokkuuji leydi ndii ina tawee e fuɗnaange-rewo ndiyam Kaukasus to bannge worgo Kaukasus.[13][14] Leydi ndii woni hakkunde latitude 41° e 44° N, e njuuteendi 40° e 47° E, njaajeendi mum ko 67 900 km2 (26 216 sq mi). Likhi Range ina fecca leydi ndii e feccere fuɗnaange e feccere hirnaange.[15] E nder daartol, feccere hirnaange Joorjiya ina anndiraa Colchis tawi noon feccere fuɗnaange ina wiyee Iberia.[16]
Koɗorɗe Kaukasus mawɗe ɗee ngoni keeri fuɗnaange leydi Joorjiya.[17] Laawol mawngol rewrude e koɗli ɗii feewde e leydi Riisi ina rewi e Tunnel Roki hakkunde Shida Kartli e Oseti worgo e ŋoral Darial (e nder diiwaan Khevi to Joorjiya). Feccere fuɗnaange leydi ndii ina keeri e koɗli Kaukasus tokoosi.[18] Koɗorɗe Kaukasus mawɗe ɗee ɓuri koye Kaukasus tokoose ɗee toowde no feewi, tawi ko ɓuri toowde e koye mum en ina ummoo ko ɓuri 5 000 meeter (16,404 ft) dow koye maayo.[19]
Tufnde Kazbek to fuɗnaange-rewo leydi Joorjiya
Ko ɓuri toowde e Joorjiya ko tufnde Shkhara to 5,203 m (17,070 ft), ɗiɗaɓere ɓurnde toowde ko tufnde Janga to 5,059 m (16 598 ft) dow koye maayo. Toɓɓe goɗɗe maantiniiɗe ina njeyaa heen tufnde Kazbek to 5,047 m (16,558 m), tufnde Shota Rustaveli to 4 960 m (16,273 m), Tetnuldi to 4 858 m (15,938 m), Ushba to 4,700 m (15,550 m). (14 918 meeteer).[17] E nder ŋoral cifaangal dow ngal, ko Kazbek tan ummorii ko e ŋoral. Diiwaan hakkunde Kazbek e Shkhara (fotde 200 km (124 mi) e dow ŋoral mawngal Kaukasus) ina heewi ŋoral ŋoral.[18]
Helmere Koɗli Kaukasus tokoosi ina heewi huutoreede ngam sifaade nokkuuji koɗli (toowɗi) to bannge worgo Joorjiya jokkondirɗi e koɗli Kaukasus mawɗi ɗii e koɗki Likhi.[20] Diiwaan oo fof ina waawi sifaade ko ina waɗi koɗli ceertuɗi, jokkondirɗi (ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko iwdi ɓuuɓndi) e ŋoral toowngal ɓuraani 3 400 meeter (11 155 ft). Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e nokku oo ko ɓuuɓri Javakheti, maayooji, ina heen Tabatskuri e Paravani, kam e ndiyam miniraal e ɓulli ngulɗi. Maayooji ɗiɗi mawɗi e nder leydi Joorjiya ko Rioni e Mtkvari.[19]
Leydi nder keeri ngenndi ndii ina heewi no feewi. Leydi Joorjiya hirnaange ina waɗi laddeeji ɓuuɓɗi, ɓulli, e laddeeji toɓooli ɓuuɓɗi haa e neesuuji e ɓulli duumiiɗi, tawi noon bannge fuɗnaange leydi ndii ina waɗi hay feccere tokosere e laddeeji semi-arid.[21]
↑Histories 4.38. Cf. James Rennell,The geographical system of Herodotus examined and explained, Volume 1, Rivington 1830,p. 244
↑Encyclopedia Britannica",Caucasus, June 2021: "One widely accepted scheme draws the dividing line along the crest of the Greater Caucasus range, putting the portion of the region north of the line in Europe and the portion south of it in Asia. Another puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern part (the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russia's Caspian Sea coast) in Asia..."
↑Nana Bolashvili, Andreas Dittmann, Lorenz King, Vazha Neidze (eds.): ``National Atlas of Georgia``, 138 pages, Steiner Verlag, 2018,ISBN978-3-515-12057-9
↑Jones, Stephen (27 October 2020). "The establishment of Soviet power in Transcaucasia: The case of Georgia 1921–1928".Soviet Studies.40 (4): 627.doi:10.1080/09668138808411783.
↑"Constitution of Georgia". The Legislative Herald of Georgia. 29 June 2020. Article 1.1, 7.2, 45, 52 and 54. Archived fromthe original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved2022-03-25.
↑'Caucasus (region and mountains, Eurasia)'Archived 27 Seeɗto 2010 at theWayback Machine.Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010: "Occupying roughly170,000sqmi (440,000km2), it is divided among Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia and forms part of the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia. It is bisected by the Caucasus Mountains; the area north of the Greater Caucasus range is called Ciscaucasia and the region to the south Transcaucasia. Inhabited from ancient times, it was under nominal Persian and Turkish suzerainty until conquered by Russia in the 18th–19th centuries."
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