Updated 29 Oct. 2025
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AbramisCuvier 1816abramís (ἀβραμίς), ancient name for a bream or mullet

Abramis brama(Linnaeus 1758) derived fromabramís (ἀβραμίς), ancient name for a bream or mullet

AcanthobramaHeckel 1843acantho-, fromákantha (ἄκανθα), thorn, referring to thickened, spine-like, last unbranched dorsal-fin ray;brama, derived from derived fromabramís (ἀβραμίς), ancient name for a bream or mullet, i.e., a “spiny bream”

Acanthobrama centisquamaHeckel 1843centum (L.), hundred;squama (L.), scale, referring to 100 scales on lateral line of holotype (ranges from 90–100 on specimens examined since then)

Acanthobrama hadiyahensisCoad, Alkahem & Behnke 1983 –ensis (L.), suffix denoting place: Wadi Hadiyah, near Hadiyah, Saudi Arabia, type locality

Acanthobrama lissneriTortonese 1952 in honor of the late Helmut Lissner (1895–1951), Polish-born Israeli ichthyologist, a “keen ichthyologist who greatly furthered the investigations on the fishes of Lake Tiberias” (or Sea of Galilee), Israel, type locality

Acanthobrama marmidHeckel 1843 Arabic vernacular for this species

Acanthobrama microlepis(De Filippi 1863)micro-, frommikrós (μικρός), small;lepís (λεπίς), scale, “Squamae exiguae,” with 82 along the lateral line

Acanthobrama orontisHeckel 1843 –is, Latin genitive singular of: Orontes, river basin in Turkey, where Lake Antioch (or Amik), type locality, is situated

Acanthobrama persidis(Coad 1981) –is, genitive singular of:persis (περσίς), meaning strictly a province of Persia or Iran, now known as Fars, where it occurs

Acanthobrama telavivensisGoren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tel Aviv, Israel, near type locality at Yarkon Springs

Acanthobrama thisbeaeFreyhof & Özuluğ 2014 of Thisbe, who was in love with Pyramus in Ovid’sMetamorphoses; Pyramus is the ancient Greek and Latin name for the Ceyhan River, Adana Province, Turkey, type locality

Acanthobrama tricolor(Lortet 1883)tri– (L.), three, of three colors, referring to “remarkable” (translation) coloration in life: reddish-brown above lateral line, pearly whitish-pink below, the fins a silvery yellow

Acanthobrama urmianus(Günther 1899) –anus (L.), belonging to: Urmi River, Iran, one of the type localities

AchondrostomaRobalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007 ἀ-, privative, i.e., without;chóndros(χόνδρος), gristle or cartilage;stóma(στόμα), mouth, referring to absence of horny plate on mouth as seen inChondrostoma

Achondrostoma arcasii(Steindachner 1866) in honor of Spanish zoologist Laureano Pérez Arcas (1824–1894), University of Madrid, who shared specimens with Steindachner

Achondrostoma asturicenseDoadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Astura, name given to the Esla River (Duero River basin, Spain, where this species occurs) during the Roman Empire

Achondrostoma garzonorumDoadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023 –orum (L.), commemorative suffix, plural: in honor of the Garzón-Heydt family, especially Dra Paloma Garzón-Heydt, Jesús Garzón-Heydt and Dra Guillermina Garzón-Heydt, for their contribution to the study and conservation of rivers and fauna of the region where this species occurs

Achondrostoma numantinumDoadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023 –inum (L.), adjectival suffix: Numantian, name given to pre-Roman population inhabiting ancient Celtiberian settlement near present-day Garray village in Soria (central Spain), encompassing the area where this species occurs; the Numantians, known for their courage, decided to burn the city before surrendering to the Romans after a 13-month siege

Achondrostoma occidentale(Robalo, Almada, Sousa Santos, Moreira & Doadrio 2005) Latin for western, referring to Oeste (West in English), area in Portugal where it is endemic

Achondrostoma oligolepis(Robalo, Doadrio, Almada & Kottelat 2005)olígos (ὀλίγος), few or scanty;lepís (λεπίς), scale, referring to larger and therefore fewer scales compared withA. arcasii

Achondrostoma salmantinumDoadrio & Elvira 2007 –inum (L.), adjectival suffix: Salmantia, Roman name for Salamanca, Spanish city and province inhabited by this species

AlburnoidesJeitteles 1861 –oides, Neo-Latin fromeī́dos (εἶδος), form or shape:Alburnus, referring to original placement ofA. maculatus in that genus

Alburnoides bipunctatus(Bloch 1782)bi-, frombis (L.), twice;punctatus (L.), spotted, referring to each scale of anterior half of lateral line with a pair of black specks, each composed of minute dots

Alburnoides coskuncelebiiTuran, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019 in honor of Kamil Çoşkunçelebi (b. 1969), Karadeniz Technical University (Turkey), a specialist in the flowering plants of Turkey and a “well-known” Turkish plant taxonomist

Alburnoides damghaniRoudbar, Eagderi, Esmaeili, Coad & Bogutskaya 2016 of the Damghan River system at Cheshmeh Ali, Semnan Province, Iran, type locality

Alburnoides devolliBogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 of Devoll River, upper Seman River drainage, Albania, type locality

Alburnoides diclensisTuran, Bektaş, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2016 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Dicle, Turkish name for Tigris River, where it is known from two streams in the river’s upper drainage

Alburnoides economouiBarbieri, Vukić, Šanda & Zogaris 2017 in honor of Alcibiades N. Economou, Research Director, Institute of Inland Waters, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, for “significant” contributions to the biogeography and ecology of Greek fishes

Alburnoides eichwaldii(De Filippi 1863) in honor of Baltic German geologist-zoologist Charles Edward von Eichwald (also known as Karl Eduard von Eichwald, 1795–1876), who had previously reported this species as a variety ofAlburnus alburnus

Alburnoides emineaeTuran, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 in honor of Emine Turan, “beloved” mother of first author

Alburnoides fangfangaeBogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 in memory of Chinese cyprinoid taxonomist Fang Fang Kullander (1962–2010), Swedish Museum of Natural History

Alburnoides fasciatus(Nordmann 1840) Latin for banded, referring to double longitudinal dark black band

Alburnoides freyhofiTuran, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of German ichthyologist Jörg Freyhof (b. 1964), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (Berlin), for his contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of the Middle East

Alburnoides gmeliniBogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of Samuel Georg Gotlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), Russian naturalist who traveled through the River Don area and the Caucasus region and along the western and southern Caspian Sea coasts (1768–1774); he was captured by Usmey-Khan, held for ransom and died in captivity (the results of his expedition were published posthumously)

Alburnoides holcikiCoad & Bogutskaya 2012 in honor of the late Juraj Holcík (1934–2010), Czechoslovak (later Slovak) zoologist, colleague and friend, for his many contributions to ichthyology

Alburnoides idignensisBogutskaya & Coad 2009 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Idigna, Sumerian name for Tigris River, referring to its occurrence in the Tigris River system of Iran

Alburnoides kosswigiTuran, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Curt Kosswig (1903–1982), the “father of ichthyology in Turkey” (where this cyprinid occurs)

Alburnoides kubanicusBănărescu 1964 –icus (L.), belonging to: Kuban River drainage, Russia, type locality

Alburnoides kuruiTuran, Kaya, Bayçelebi,Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Mustafa Kuru (b. 1940), Başkent University (Ankara), for his contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of Turkey (where this cyprinid occurs) [not to be confused withAlburnus kurui]

Alburnoides maculatus(Kessler 1859) Latin for spotted, referring to scales on sides of body with black spots that also outline lateral line

Alburnoides manyasensisTuran, Ekmekçi, Kaya & Güçlü 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Manyas basin, Turkey, type locality

Alburnoides namakiBogutskaya & Coad 2009 of Namak Lake basin, Iran, where it is endemic to a qanat (underground water channel);namak means salt in Farsi

Alburnoides nicolausiBogutskaya & Coad 2009 named after the Latin male name Nicolaus, alluding to sons of both authors, Nikolay (Bogutskaya’s eldest son) and Nicholas (Coad’s) [since species is not specifically named for both sons, emendment to the pluralnicolausorum is probably not warranted]

Alburnoides ohridanus(Karaman 1928) –anus (L.), belonging to: Lake Ohrid (Yugoslavia, now Macedonia and Albania), type locality

Alburnoides petrubanarescuiBogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of the late Romanian ichthyologist Petru Bănărescu (1921–2009), “a great freshwater ichthyologist who contributed significantly to our knowledge of fishes of Eurasia”

Alburnoides prespensis(Karaman 1924) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa and tributaries, Macedonia, type locality

Alburnoides qanatiCoad & Bogutskaya 2009 of a qanat (underground water channel), referring to habitat in which it was found, “now fast disappearing with the use of pump wells, and in recognition of the contribution to civilization made by the Iranian people through this innovative irrigation technique”

Alburnoides rossicusBerg 1924 –icus (L.), belonging to: Rossiya (Latinization of Russia in the Russian language), referring to type localities in Dnieper and Volga rivers, Russia

Alburnoides samiiiMousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust & Doadrio 2015 in honor of Majid Samii (b. 1937), “world famous” Iranian neurosurgeon and medical scientist, who was born in Rasht, Iran, capital city of Guilan Province, where type locality (Sefidroud River) is situated

Alburnoides smyrnaePellegrin 1927 of Smyrna (now known as İzmir), Turkey, near where type locality (Mélès stream) is situated

Alburnoides strymonicusChichkoff 1940 –icus (L.), belonging to: Struma (known as Strymon in ancient times) River basin, Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece, where it is endemic

Alburnoides tabarestanensisMousavi-Sabet, Anvarifar & Azizi 2015 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Tabarestan, historical name of Mazandaran Province, Iran, which includes Tajan River, type locality

Alburnoides thessalicusStephanidis 1950-icus, belonging to: Thessaly, Greece, where Rivers Pinios and Sperchios, type localities, are situated [not to be confused withAlburnus thessalicus]

Alburnoides turaniKaya 2020 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Davut Turan, Kaya’s supervisor for 10 years, “for all his efforts with me and for his great contribution to the knowledge of the genusAlburnoides and fish fauna in Turkey”

Alburnoides tzaneviChichkoff 1933 in honor of Panayot Tzanev, a former assistant at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who collected large ichthyological samples (but there is no direct indication he collected holotype of this species)

Alburnoides varentsoviBogutskaya & Coad 2009 in honor of Petr Aleksandrovich Varentsov (1852–?), who lived and traveled in the Transcaspian Province of the former Russian Empire, collected holotype in 1896, and wrote a book on the geography and natural history of the area in 1907

Alburnoides veliogluiTuran, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 in honor of Turkish physician Hasan Basri Velioğlu, who “eased” and contributed to the authors’ earlier and present studies through the use of radiography

AlburnusRafinesque 1820 presumably tautonymous (no species mentioned) withCyprinus alburnus Linnaeus 1758

Alburnus adanensisBattalgazi 1944 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Adana, southern Turkey, near type locality at Seyhan River (not seen since its description and probably extinct) [note: Battalgazi is same author as Battalgil; see next species]

Alburnus akiliBattalgil 1942 in honor of Akil Muhtar Özden (1877–1949), professor of pharmacodynamics and clinical therapy at Istanbul University Medical School and internal medicine expert

Alburnus albidus(Costa 1838) Latin for whitish or white, referring to silvery-white coloration

Alburnus alburnus(Linnaeus 1758) Latin for whitefish, fromalbus, white (without lustre), referring to pale, silvery coloration; name also reflects the British vernacularbleak, a little-used synonym for pale

Alburnus arborella(Bonaparte 1841) presumably a misspelling ofalborella, Italian vernacular for this species

Alburnus attalusÖzuluğ & Freyhof 2007 named for Attalus I (269–197 BC), who ruled Pergamon, a Hellenistic polis in contemporary Turkey, where it is endemic

Alburnus balikiBogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü 2000 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Süleyman Balik, for contributions to the knowledge of fishes of West Anatolia and the Mediterranean region of Turkey

Alburnus belvicaKaraman 1924 Macedonian vernacular for this species at Lake Prespa (type locality), meaning “white fish”

Alburnus caeruleusHeckel 1843 Latin for dark- or sky-blue, referring to blue horizontal stripe on side

Alburnus carianorumFreyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019 named for the Carians, inhabitants of the ancient province of Caria in the southern Anatolian Aegean basin, where this species occurs [replacement name forA. kuruiMangit & Yerli 2018, which became a secondary homonym whenLeuciscus kurui Bogutskaya 1995 was moved toAlburnus; proposed in 2018 but redescribed the next year with validly designated holotype, so name dates to 2019]

Alburnus carinatusBattalgil 1941 Latin for keeled, referring to well-developed ventral keel

Alburnus chalcoides(Güldenstädt 1772) –oides, Neo-Latin fromeī́dos (εἶδος), form or shape:chalkós (χαλκός), brass or copper, alluding to Greek common nameHarengus chalcois (copper herring), perhaps referring to copper sheen of head and opercular region of some specimens

Alburnus danubicusAntipa 1909 –icus (L.), belonging to: Danube River Delta, described as a Danube variety ofA. chalcoides

Alburnus demiriÖzuluğ & Freyhof 2007 in honor of Turkish marine biologist Muzaffer Demir, for “great” contributions to the knowledge of Turkish benthic invertebrates and marine fishes

Alburnus derjuginiBerg 1923 in honor of oceanographer Konstantin Mikhailovich Deryugin (1878–1938), who recognized this species as a distinct form in 1899 but did not name it

Alburnus doriaeDe Filippi 1865 in honor of Italian zoologist Giacoma Doria (1840–1913), president of the Italian Geographic Society, who led (or at least supported) expedition during which holotype was collected [although named after a man, “ae” is an acceptable way to form a genitive from a masculine noun that ends in “a”]

Alburnus escherichiiSteindachner 1897 in honor of German physician-entomologist Karl L. Escherich (1871–1951), who collected holotype

Alburnus filippiiKessler 1877 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Italian physician-zoologist Filippo de Filippi (1814–1867), presumably for his work on Central Asian fishes

Alburnus goekhaniÖzuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2018 in honor of Staff Col. Gökhan Peker, cousin of the first author, one of 13 Turkish soldiers who died when their helicopter hit high-voltage power lines and crashed in 2017

Alburnus hohenackeriKessler 1877 in honor of Swiss missionary and botanist Rudolph Hohenhacker (1798–1874), who collected part of the type series

Alburnus istanbulensisBattalgil 1941 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Istanbul, Turkey, near type locality at Kâathane (Kagithane) stream, Bosphorus River drainage

Alburnus kotschyiSteindachner 1863 in honor of Austrian botanist and explorer Theodor Kotschy (1813–1866), who collected holotype

Alburnus kurui(Bogutskaya 1995) in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Mustafa Kuru (b. 1940), Başkent University (Ankara), who collected holotype [not to be confused withAlburnoides kurui]

Alburnus leobergiFreyhof & Kottelat 2007 in honor of Soviet ichthyologist Lev (also Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876–1950), who first realized (1949) that there were different species ofAlburnus in the Black and Azov Sea basins

Alburnus macedonicusKaraman 1928 –icus (L.), belonging to: Macedonia, where type localities (Lake Dojran and Vardar River) are situated

Alburnus magnificusFreyhof & Turan 2019 Latin for great, referring to its “magnificent” color in life (flank pattern of bold black, grey or brown scales on a silvery or brown background with orange or hyaline fins)

Alburnus mandrensis(Drensky 1943) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Mandras drainage, Black Sea basin, Bulgaria, type locality

Alburnus maximus(Fatio 1882) Latin for greatest or largest, referring to its larger size compared withA. arborella

Alburnus mento(Heckel 1837) frommentum (L.), chin, referring to lower jaw considerably projecting beyond upper

Alburnus mentoidesKessler 1859--oides,Neo-Latin fromeī́dos (εἶδος), form or shape: “very close” (translation) in appearance withA. mento

Alburnus neretvaeBuj, Šanda & Perea 2010 of the Neretva River drainage (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina), where it is endemic

Alburnus nicaeensisBattalgil 1941 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Nicaea, ancient Greek name for what is now İznik, Turkey, referring to Lake İznik, type locality [extinct by end of 20th century due to introduction of Big-scale Sand SmeltAtherina boyeri]

Alburnus oblongus(Bulgakov 1923) Latin for oblong (longer than broad), allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its “elongated, somewhat slender” (translation) body

Alburnus orontisSauvage 1882 –is, Latin genitive singular of: Orontes, principal river in Syria, type locality

Alburnus qalilusKrupp 1992 Arabic word for few, referring to low number of lateral line scales and anal fin rays compared to congeners

Alburnus sarmaticusFreyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus (L.), belonging to: Sarmatians, a group of tribes who inhabited southern Russia, Ukraine and eastern Balkans from 5th century BC to 4th century AD, referring to its distribution in Rivers South Bug and Danube (Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Ukraine)

Alburnus savaBogutskaya, Zupančič, Jelić, Diripasko & Naseka 2017 referring to the Sava River drainage, Black Sea basin (Slovenia and Croatia), where it appears to be endemic

Alburnus schischkovi(Drensky 1943) in honor of Bulgarian biologist Georgi Chichkoff (also spelled Chichkov and Schischkov), who reported this species as unique in 1935 but assigned it toChalcalnurnus chalcoides derjugini (=A. derjugini) in 1935

Alburnus scoranzaBonaparte 1845 vernacular for this species in Lake Skadar (border of Montenegro and Albania), type locality [authorship sometimes attributed to Heckel & Kner 1857]

Alburnus sellalHeckel 1843 vernacular for this species in Aleppo, Syria

Alburnus taeniatusKessler 1874 Latin for banded, referring to wide, straight dark band running along sides above lateral line

Alburnus tarichi(Güldenstädt 1814) Georgian vernacular for this species (given in English astarek)

Alburnus timarensisKuru 1980 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Yumrutepe-Timar, Turkey, where Karasu River (type locality) is situated

Alburnus thessalicusStephanidis 1950-icus (L.), belonging to: Thessaly, Greece, where Rivers Pinios and Sperchios, type localities, are situated [not to be confused withAlburnoides thessalicus]

Alburnus ulanus(Günther 1899) –anus (L.), belonging to: Ula (town) on the Zola Chai (river), northwestern Iran, type locality

Alburnus vistonicusFreyhof & Kottelat 2007 –icus (L.), belonging to: Lake Vistonis, Greece, only known area of occurrence

Alburnus volviticusFreyhof & Kottelat 2007icus, belonging to: Lake Volvi, Greece, only known extant area of occurrence (extirpated from Lake Koronia) [replacement name forChalcalburnus chalcoides macedonicus Stephanidis 1971, a junior secondary homonym ofAlburnus macedonicus Karaman 1928]

AnaecyprisCollares-Pereira 1983Anas, Latin name of Guadiana River, Spain, type locality ofA. hispanica;cypris, a small carp, a common suffix for cyprinid genera

Anaecypris hispanica(Steindachner 1866) –ica (L.), belonging to: Hispania, Roman name for Iberian Peninsula, referring to its distribution in Spain and Portugal

Anaecypris punicus(Pellegrin 1920) –icus (L.), belonging to: Punic (i.e., Carthage in North Africa), region in modern-day Tunisia where type locality (Oued Lenjas) is situated

AspioluciusBerg 1907Aspius (=Leuciscus), presumed genus at the time;lucius (L.), pike (Esocidae), i.e., an asp-like leuciscid with a pike-like shape

Aspiolucius esocinus(Kessler 1874) scientific Neo-Latin for pike-like, referring to its elongate shape, similar to pikes (Esox, Esocidae)

BallerusHeckel 1843 tautonymous withCyprinus ballerusLinnaeus 1758, frombáleros(βάλερος), ancient name first mentioned by Aristotle [treated as a junior synonym ofAbramis by some authors]

Ballerus ballerus(Linnaeus 1758)báleros (βάλερος), ancient name for this species, first mentioned by Aristotle

Ballerus sapa(Pallas 1814) from Russian vernacular for this species,ssapà orssopa

BliccaHeckel 1843 tautonymous withCyprinus blicca Bloch 1782 (=B. bjoerkna), from the German vernacularBlicke

Blicca bjoerkna(Linnaeus 1758) frombjörkna, Swedish vernacular for this species

ChondrostomaAgassiz 1832chóndros (χόνδρος), gristle or cartilage;stóma(στόμα), mouth, referring to presumed content of horny layer on lower lip

Chondrostoma angorenseElvira 1987 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Angora (Ankara), capital of Turkey, country where it is endemic (name was coined by Franz Steindachner while labeling type specimens but never published) [possibly a junior synonym ofC. colchicum]

Chondrostoma beysehirenseBogutskaya 1997 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Beysehir Lake, Turkey, type locality

Chondrostoma ceyhanenseKüçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Ceyhan River, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey, type locality

Chondrostoma colchicumDerjugin 1899 –icus (L.), belonging to: Colchis, ancient name for eastern coast of Black Sea in Georgia, type locality

Chondrostoma cyriKessler 1877 of the Kura River (Cyrus in Latin), Georgia, type locality

Chondrostoma esmaeiliiEagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad 2017 in honor of Iranian ichthyologist Hamid Reza Esmaeili, for “long and outstanding” contributions in biology and systematic studies of Iranian freshwater fishes

Chondrostoma holmwoodii(Boulenger 1896) in honor of Frederic Holmwood (1840–1896), British Consul-General at Smyrna (now İzmir, Turkey), who collected holotype

Chondrostoma kinzelbachiKrupp 1985 in honor of German limnologist-parasitologist Ragnar Kinzelbach (b. 1941), who placed holotype at Krupp’s disposal, for his contributions to the knowledge of Middle East zoology

Chondrostoma kneriiHeckel 1843 patronym not identified but certainly in honor of Heckel’s Vienna colleague, Austrian ichthyologist Rudolf Kner (1810–1869)

Chondrostoma kubanicumBerg 1914 –icum (L.), belonging to: Kuban River drainage, Black Sea basin, where it is endemic

Chondrostoma meandrenseElvira 1987 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Büyük Menderes river basin, Anatolia, where it is endemic

Chondrostoma nasus(Linnaeus 1758) Latin for nose, referring to its prominent snout (“rostro prominente”)

Chondrostoma ohridanum Karaman 1924 –anum (L.), belonging to: Lake Ohrid drainage, Macedonia and Albania, where it is endemic

Chondrostoma orientaleBianco & Bănărescu 1982 Latin for eastern, being the easternmost species of the genus

Chondrostoma oxyrhynchumKessler 1877 sharp-snouted, from oxýs (ὀξύς), sharp or pointed, andrhýnchos (ῥύγχος), snout, referring to its slightly prominent snout

Chondrostoma phoxinusHeckel 1843 referring to shape and scales similar to those ofCyprinus (=Phoxinus)phoxinus(Phoxininae)

Chondrostoma prespenseKaraman 1924 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Lakes Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia and Albania), where it is endemic

Chondrostoma regium(Heckel 1843) Latin for royal, translation ofZurri, Arabic vernacular for this species in Mosul, Iraq

Chondrostoma scodrenseElvira 1987 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Scodra, Latin name of Lake Scutari, border of Montenegro and Albania, where it is (or was) endemic (probably extinct)

Chondrostoma smyrnaeKüçük, Çiftci, Güçlü & Turan 2021 of Smyrna (now known as İzmir), Turkey, where type locality (Tahtalı reservoir) is situated

Chondrostoma soettaBonaparte 1840 presumably a Latinization ofsavetta, Italian vernacular for this species

Chondrostoma torosKüçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 Turkish for Taurus, referring to the Central Taurus Mountains of Turkey, where it occurs

Chondrostoma turnaiGüçlü, Küçük, Turan, Çiftçi & Mutlu 2018 in honor of Ismail Ibrahim Turna (1957–2016), Suleyman Demirel University, for his “great contribution” to hydrobiology in Turkey

Chondrostoma vardarenseKaraman 1928 –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Vardar River, Macedonia, type locality

Chondrostoma variabileYakovlev 1870 Latin for variable, referring to “inconsistency of species characteristics, which vary more or less highly” (translation), e.g., shape of pharyngeal bone, number of pharyngeal teeth, head and body shape, position of fins, coloration, and meristic counts

DelminichthysFreyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig 2006 Delminium, capital of pre-Roman Dalmatia, Croatia, country where all species occur;ichthýs (ἰχθύς), fish

Delminichthys adspersus(Heckel 1843) alternative spelling ofaspersus (L.), besprinkled, “densely studded with black dots” (translation)

Delminichthys ghetaldii(Steindachner 1882) in honor of Croatian mayor and horticulturalist Francesco Ghetaldi-Gondola (1833–1899), who apparently facilitated the collection of holotype from an underground cave in Herzegovina

Delminichthys jadovensis(Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jadova River at Ploca, Croatia, type locality

Delminichthys krbavensis(Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Krbava, Croatia, type locality

EgirdiraFreyhof 2022 named for Lake Eğirdir basin, Turkey, whereE. nigra is endemic

Egirdira nigra(Kosswig & Geldiay 1952) Latin for black, referring to color exhibited by males in breeding season [previously known asPseudophoxinus egridiri (Karaman 1972)]

IberochondrostomaRobalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007Ibero-, referring to Iberian Peninsula, where this genus, formerly recognized asChondrostoma, occurs

Iberochondrostoma almacai(Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira 2005) in honor of Carlos Almaça (1934–2010), University of Lisbon, “for his long and outstanding contributions to the study of differentiation patterns and evolutionary processes of Euro-Mediterranean cyprinids”

Iberochondrostoma lemmingii(Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified nor able to infer from available evidence (originally spelledleminingii by Steindachner, apparently in error)

Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum(Collares-Pereira 1980) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lusitania, ancient name of Portugal, where it is endemic

Iberochondrostoma olisiponense(Gante, Santos & Alves 2007) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Oliispo, archaic name for Lisbon, Portugal, general vicinity where it occurs

Iberochondrostoma oretanum(Doadrio & Carmona 2003) –anum (L.), belonging to: Oretania, area in south-central Spain formerly inhabited by the Oretano people, corresponding to its range

LadigesocyprisKaraman 1972 in honor of aquarist and ichthyologist Werner Ladiges (1910–1984), director, Zoologisches Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum in Hamburg, who helped Karaman with the “linguistic structure” (translation) of his manuscript, and who described two of the three species of the genus;cypris, common suffix for small cyprinoid genera,derived fromCyprinus (Common Carp)

Ladigesocypris ghigii(Gianferrari 1927) in honor of zoologist Alessandro Ghigi (1875–1970), University of Bologna (Italy), who collected holotype

Ladigesocypris mermere(Ladiges 1960) named for Mermere (Lake Marmara), Turkey, type locality

LeucalburnusBerg 1916 described as intermediate between theLeuciscus andAlburnus

Leucalburnus satunini(Berg 1910) in honor of Russian zoologist Konstantin Alekseevich Satunin (1853–1916), who collected holotype

LeucaspiusHeckel & Kner 1858 combination ofLeucos andAspius (=Leuciscus), described as having the pharyngeal teeth morphology of the former and the lower-jaw placement (entering depression of upper jaw) of the latter

Leucaspius delineatus(Heckel 1843)de– (L. prefix), removed;lineatus (L.), lined, referring to seeming absence of lateral line (just 8–12 pored scales)

LeuciscusCuvier 1816 tautonymous withCyprinus leuciscusLinnaeus 1758, fromleukískos (λευκίσκος), a “white mullet” (often applied toAlburnus alburnus), diminutive ofleukós (λευκός), white, referring to its silvery sides

Leuciscus aspius(Linnaeus 1758) Latinization ofasp, derived fromesp oresping, Swedish vernacular for this species, perhaps alluding to how its spectacular April spawning run coincides with the blooming of the asp tree,Populus tremula (Sven O. Kullander, pers. comm.) [sometimes placed inAspius, treated here as a synonym ofLeuciscus]

Leuciscus aspius taeniatus(Eichwald 1831) Latin for banded, referring to several longitudinal black bands on sides

Leuciscus baicalensis(Dybowski 1874) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Baikal basin, Russia, where it is endemic

Leuciscus bearnensis(Blanchard 1866) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Béarn, France, where Lake Mariscot (type locality) is situated

Leuciscus bergiKashkarov 1925 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Lev (or Leo) Semyonovich Berg (1876–1950), an “eminent scientist in general, and ichthyologist in particular” (translation)

Leuciscus burdigalensisValenciennes 1844 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Burdigala, ancient name of Bordeaux, France, area of Gironde estuary, type locality

Leuciscus chuanchicus(Kessler 1876) –icus (L.), belonging to: Chuanche (or Chuan Che, “Yellow”) River, Yangtze River drainage, Qinuhai Province, China, type locality

Leuciscus danilewskii(Kessler 1877) in honor of Nikolai Danilewski (also spelled Nikolay Danilevsky, 1822–1885), Russian naturalist, economist, ethnologist, philosopher and historian, who collected two specimens in type series

Leuciscus dzungaricusPaepke & Koch 1998 –icus (L.), belonging to: Dzungarian Gobi (Mongolia and China), where it occurs

Leuciscus idus(Linnaeus 1758) Latinization of its Swedish vernacularid, possibly borrowed from the Frenchide

Leuciscus lehmanniBrandt 1852 in honor of Russian biologist Alexander Lehmann (1814-1842), who led 1841–1842 expedition during which holotype was collected (and during which he took ill and died on his way home)

Leuciscus leuciscus(Linnaeus 1758) from leukískos (λευκίσκος), a “white mullet” (often applied toAlburnus alburnus), diminutive ofleukós (λευκός), white, referring to its silvery sides

Leuciscus lindbergiZanin & Eremejev 1934 in honor of ichthyologist Georgii Ustinovich Lindberg (1894–1976), Russian Academy of Sciences, who supervised the authors’ work

Leuciscus merzbacheri(Zugmayer 1912) in honor of German geographer, mountaineer and explorer Gottfried Merzbacher (1843–1926), who collected holotype

Leuciscus oxianus(Kessler 1877) –anus (L.), belonging to: Oxua River, ancient name for Amu Darya, Uzbekistan, type locality

Leuciscus oxyrrhis(La Blanchère 1873)oxýs (ὀξύς), sharp or pointed;rhís (ῥίς), nose, referring to its long snout, “jutting out in a sharp point in front of mouth” (translation)

Leuciscus schmidti(Herzenstein 1896) in honor of P. Schmidt, presumably Russian ichthyologist Petr Yulievich Schmidt (1872–1949), who collected holotype

Leuciscus vorax(Heckel 1843) Latin for voracious, translation of Arabic namekaschschasck, referring to how it “consumes everything it finds” (translation) [sometimes placed inAspius, treated here as a synonym ofLeuciscus]

Leuciscus waleckii(Dybowski 1869) patronym not identified but likely in honor of Dybowski’s Polish colleague, zoologist Antoni Wałecki (1815–1897)

LeucosHeckel 1843 from leukós (λευκός), white, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to silver-white color ofL. aula

Leucos albus(Marić 2010) Latin for white, referring to silver-white color in life

Leucos aula(Bonaparte 1841) etymology not explained, possibly a Latinization ofavola, Italian or Venetian vernacular for a bleak (Alburnus sp.) but perhaps historically applied to this species as well

Leucos basak(Heckel 1843) Croatian vernacular for this species

Leucos panosi(Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006) in honor of Greek ichthyologist Panos Stavros Economidis, who recognized this species as an undescribed taxon in 1991

Leucos ylikiensis(Economidis 1991) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Yliki, Greece, type locality

MirogrexGoren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973mirus (L.), wonderful or amazing;grex (L.), flock or shoal, referring to a “miraculous draught” of fishes (one of two miracles attributed to Jesus), which may have beenM. terraesanctae orSarotherodon galilaeus (Cichlidae)

Mirogrex hulensisGoren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Huleh, Israel, type locality (now extinct due to deliberate draining of lake in the 1950s)

Mirogrex terraesanctae(Steinitz 1952) ofterra (L.), land, andsanctus (L.) holy, i.e., the Holy Land, referring to Lake Tiberias (or Sea of Galilee), Israel, where it is endemic

NotemigonusRafinesque 1819nṓtos (νῶτος), back; [h]emi-, fromhḗmisys (ἥμισυς), half;gōnía (γωνία), corner or angle, referring to obtusely angled, or carinated, back, from which it differs from the superficially similar herring genusClupea

Notemigonus crysoleucas(Mitchill 1814)chrysós (χρυσός), golden, referring to color of eyes and gill cover and “tinge of the same along the belly”;leukós (λευκός), white, referring to its “shining white scales”

PachychilonSteindachner 1882pachýs (παχύς), thick or stout;chilon, derived and Latinized (ει toi) fromcheī́los, lip, referring to thick lips, the lower extending across the symphysis as a distinctly continuous fold

Pachychilon macedonicum(Steindachner 1892) –icum (L.), belonging to: Macedonia, historical region encompassing distribution of this species, including North Macedonia and much of Greece

Pachychilon pictum(Heckel & Kner 1858) Latin for painted or colored, probably referring to numerous dark brown marks of various shapes and sizes on body

ParachondrostomaRobalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007pará (παρά), near, similar toChondrostoma

Parachondrostoma arrigonis(Steindachner 1866) –is, Latin genitive singular of: Steindachner’s “dear friend” Prof. Arrigo of Valencia (forename not given), who died of cholera in 1865 in the “prime of his years and work” (translation)

Parachondrostoma miegii(Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified, possibly in honor of Swiss-Spanish naturalist Juan Mieg (1779–1859)

Parachondrostoma toxostoma(Vallot 1837)tóxon (τόξον), bow;stóma(στόμα), mouth, referring to its curved, or crescent-shaped, mouth

Parachondrostoma turiense(Elvira 1987) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Turia River, Chulilla, Valencia, Spain, type locality

PelasgusKottelat & Freyhof 2007 based on the Pelasgians, groups of people who inhabited lands around Aegean Sea before arrival of Indo-European and proto-Greek-speaking invaders during the 2nd millennium BC, referring to distribution of all included species in the Balkan Peninsula

Pelasgus epiroticus(Steindachner 1895) –icus (L.), belonging to: Epirus, historical and geographical region straddling Greece and Albania (described from Albania but presently known only from Lake Pamvotis, Epirus, Greece)

Pelasgus laconicus(Kottelat & Barbieri 2004) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lakonias District, Greece, type locality

Pelasgus marathonicus(Vinciguerra 1921) –icus (L.), belonging to: Marathon, Greece, type locality

Pelasgus minutus(Karaman 1924) Latin for small, referring to smaller scales compared with presumed congeners inPseudophoxinus (genus in which it was described) and/or small size (up to 53 mm SL), the latter of which may have caused Steindachner to overlook its distinctiveness in an earlier collection

Pelasgus prespensis(Karaman 1924) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa and tributaries, Macedonia, type locality

Pelasgus stymphalicus(Valenciennes 1844) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lake Zaraco, Greece, type locality, where a mythological man-eating bird,stymphalis, was slain by Hercules

Pelasgus thesproticus(Stephanidis 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Thesprotia District, Greece, type locality

PelecusAgassiz 1835 etymology not explained, probably frompélekus (πέλεκυς), battle axe, referring to its knife-like shape

Pelecus cultratus(Linnaeus 1758) Latin for knife-shaped, referring to its knife- or razor-like shape

Pelecus cultratus kurensisSmirnov 1943 –ensis, suffix Latin denoting place: Kura River basin, Caspian Sea drainage, where it is endemic

PetroleuciscusBogutskaya 2002Petro, Latinization of Petr, forename of “famous freshwater ichthyologist” Petru Bănărescu (1921–2009) and of Bogutskaya’s son, Petr Naseka;Leuciscus, all pre-2002 species previously placed in that genus

Petroleuciscus aphipsi(Aleksandrov 1927) of Aphips River above Krepostnaya, Kuban Basin, Russia, type locality

Petroleuciscus atropatenae (Berg 1925)of Atropatene, ancient kingdom that includes modern-day Iran, Azarbaijan and Kurdistan, referring to distribution in northwestern Iran

Petroleuciscus borysthenicus(Kessler 1859) –icus (L.), belonging to: Borysthenes, name from classical antiquity usually referring to the Dnieper River, type locality

Petroleuciscus ninaeTuran, Kalayci, Kaya, Bektaş & Küçük 2018 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Nina G. Bogutskaya (b. 1958), for her contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of Europe and Asia

Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus(Boulenger 1896) –eus (L.), adjectival suffix: of Smyrna (now known as İzmir), Turkey, type locality

Petroleuciscus squaliusculus(Kessler 1872) diminutive ofSqualius (genus in which it was described) orsqualus, probably referring to small size (95–130 mm) compared withS. squalus (up to 600 mm)

PhoxinellusHeckel 1843 diminutive ofPhoxinus, referring to similarity of size and shape ofP. alepidotus toCyprinus (=Phoxinus)phoxinus (Phoxininae)

Phoxinellus alepidotusHeckel 1843 ἀ-, privative, i.e., without;lepidōtós (λεπιδωτός), scaly, referring to scaleless body except for lateral line

Phoxinellus dalmaticusZupančič & Bogutskaya 2000 –icus (L.), belonging to: Dalmatia, region in southern Croatia where it is endemic

Phoxinellus pseudalepidotusBogutskaya & Zupančič 2003pseúdēs (ψεύδης), false, i.e., although similar toP. alepidotus in body shape and scalelessness (except for lateral line), such an appearance is false

ProtochondrostomaRobalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007prṓtos (πρῶτος), first, referring to its basal position among group of genera that formerly comprisedChondrostoma

Protochondrostoma genei(Bonaparte 1839) in honor of Italian zoologist Giuseppe Géné (1800–1847), director of the Royal Zoological Museum at Turin

PseudochondrostomaRobalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio 2007pseúdēs (ψεύδης), false, i.e., although this genus is similar toChondrostoma (as a “consequence of homoplasy in multipletraits”), such an appearance is false

Pseudochondrostoma duriense(Coelho 1985) –ense, Latin suffix denoting place: Douro River basin, Portugal, type locality

Pseudochondrostoma polylepis(Steindachner 1864)polý (πολύ), many;lepís (λεπίς), scale, presumably referring to 69–74 scales along lateral line, more thanChondrostoma nasus, with which this species had been confused

Pseudochondrostoma willkommii(Steindachner 1866) patronym not identified but probably in honor of German botanist Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821–1895), who studied the flora of Spain and Portugal, where this species occurs

PseudophoxinusBleeker 1860pseúdēs (ψεύδης), false, presumably referring to similarity ofP. zeregi toCyprinus (=Phoxinus)phoxinus (Phoxininae)

Pseudophoxinus aliiKüçük 2007 in honor of Ali, Küçük’s father

Pseudophoxinus anatolicus(Hankó 1925) –icus (L.), belonging to: Anatolia, geographic and historical term denoting westernmost protrusion of Asia (Asia Minor), where Europe and Asian meet, comprising most of Turkey, where it is endemic

Pseudophoxinus antalyaeBogutskaya 1992 of Antalya, Turkey, town near type locality in Stream Kirkgöz

Pseudophoxinus battalgilaeBogutskaya 1997 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Fahire Battalgil (later Battalgazi, 1902–1948), “who contributed considerably to the knowledge of Turkish freshwater fishes”

Pseudophoxinus burduricusKüçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan 2013 –icus (L.), belonging to: Burdur Province, Turkey, type locality

Pseudophoxinus caralis(Battalgil 1942) etymology not explained, perhaps a Latinization ofkarali, Turkish for “painted with black,” referring to dark streaks along sides

Pseudophoxinus cilicicusSaç, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2019 –icus (L.), belonging to: Roman province of Cilicia, which encompassed lower reaches of Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers, Turkey, where it occurs

Pseudophoxinus crassus(Ladiges 1960) Latin for thick or fat, presumably referring to its much stouter body thanP. meandricus

Pseudophoxinus drusensis(Pellegrin 1933) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Jabal al-Druze, an autonomous state in the French Mandate of Syria from 1921 to 1936, where type locality (Al-Mazra’a), is situated

Pseudophoxinus elizavetaeBogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 in honor of physician Elizaveta Bogutskaya (b. 1981), the senior author’s daughter

Pseudophoxinus evliyaeFreyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Evliya Çelebi (1611–1683), the “most famous Ottoman traveler,” whose travel notes were published in the 10-volumeSeyahatname (Book of Travels)

Pseudophoxinus fahrettiniFreyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahrettin Küçük, Süleyman Demirel University, for his contribution to the knowledge of Central Anatolian fishes

Pseudophoxinus firatiBogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 of Firat Nehri (Turkish name for Euphrates River), referring to its occurrence in the Euphrates River drainage

Pseudophoxinus galilaeus Goren & Feldstein-Farkash 2025-eus (L. suffix), pertaining to: Galilee, hill region of northern Israel north, including the upper Jordan River basin, where this minnow occurs

Pseudophoxinus handlirschi(Pietschmann 1933) in honor of Austrian entomologist Anton Handlirsch (1865–1935), Pietschmann’s colleague at the Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna)

Pseudophoxinus hasaniKrupp 1992 of Nab’ Hasan, source of Nahr Marqiya (type locality), Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria

Pseudophoxinus hittitorumFreyhof & Özuluğ 2010 –orum (L.), commemorative suffix, plural: Hittites, an ancient Anatolian culture (~1750–1180 BC), referring to a 13th-century Hittite monument built at Eflatun Pinar, Turkey, type locality

Pseudophoxinus iconiiKüçük, Gülle & Güçlü 2016 of Iconium, ancient name of Konya Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey, where it occurs

Pseudophoxinus kervillei(Pellegrin 1911) in honor of French biologist, archaeologist and photographer Henri Gadeau de Kerville (1858–1940), who collected holotype

Pseudophoxinus libani(Lortet 1883) of Liban (Lebanon), where type locality (Lake Yammouni, also spelled Yamuni, Lammouni and Yammouneh) is situated

Pseudophoxinus maeandri(Ladiges 1960) of Menderes River headwaters, near Işıklı, Turkey, type locality [not to be confused withP. maeandricus]

Pseudophoxinus maeandricus(Ladiges 1960) –icus (L.), belonging to: Menderes River, near Işıklı, Turkey, type locality [not to be confused withP. maeandri]

Pseudophoxinus mehmetiEkmekçi, Atalay, Yoğurtçuoğlu, Turan & Küçük 2015 in honor of hydrological engineer Mehmet Ekmekçi, for contributions to studies in hydrological description and characterization and interpretations of drainage networks and watersheds, plus his full support as the husband of the first author

Pseudophoxinus ninaeFreyhof & Özuluğ 2010 in honor of Russian ichthyologist Nina G. Bogutskaya (b. 1958), author of “important” papers on AnatolianPseudophoxinus and other leuciscids

Pseudophoxinus syriacus(Lortet 1883) –icus (L.), belonging to: Syria, where it is endemic

Pseudophoxinus turaniKüçük & Güçlü 2014 in honor of Turkish ichthyologist Davut Turan, for his contributions to our knowledge of the fishes of Anatolia

Pseudophoxinus zekayiBogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 in honor of Zekay Atalay (relationship to third author not explained)

Pseudophoxinus zeregi(Heckel 1843) Syrian vernacular for this species

RutilusRafinesque 1820 tautonymous withCyprinus rutilus

Rutilus atropatenusDerjavin 1937 Latinization of Atropatene, ancient Greek name (Ἀτροπατηνή) for the historic Azerbaijan region in northwestern Iran, and source of name of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where this species occurs

Rutilus caspicus(Yakovlev 1870) –icus (L.), belonging to: Caspian Sea basin, where it occurs [treated as a synonym ofR. lacustrisby some workers]

Rutilus frisii(Nordmann 1840) in honor of Scandinavian biologist Bengt Fredrik Fries (1799–1839), whose multi-volume work on Scandinavian fishes (authored with C. U. Ekström) is cited in Nordmann’s description of this species

Rutilus heckelii(Nordmann 1840) in honor of Nordmann’s friend, Johann Jakob Heckel (1790–1857), curator of fishes, Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna, for advice and assistance [treated as a synonym ofR. lacustrisby some workers]

Rutilus kutum(Kamensky 1901) Russian vernacular for this species

Rutilus lacustris(Pallas 1814) Latin for relating to or associated with lakes (lacustrine) referring to its occurrence in the lakes (and rivers) of Siberia and described as especially abundant in Lake Baikal

Rutilus meidingeri(Heckel 1851) in honor of Carl von Meidinger (1750– 1820), Austrian nobleman who illustrated this species under the nameCyprinus grislagine(=Leuciscus leuciscus) circa 1794

Rutilus pigus(Lacepède 1803) Latinization ofpigo orpicho, Italian name for this species, dating to at least Salviani’sAquatilium animalium (1558); Gessner (1560) says name derives from the Germanbecken (to beat or strike) orbicken(to prick), referring to sharp, pointed tubercles on males during spawning season

Rutilus rutilus(Linnaeus 1758) Latin for red, golden red or reddish yellow, referring to the general color of its fins

Rutilus rutilus marizaDrensky 1926 named for Mariza River, Bulgaria, type locality

Rutilus sojuchbulagiAbdurakhmanov 1950 of Sojuch-Bulag, a tributary of the Kura River, Azerbaijan, type locality

Rutilus stoumboudaeBianco & Ketmaier 2014 in honor of Greek ichthyologist, colleague and friend, Maria Stoumboudi, for her research on the ecology and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Greece [treated as a synonym ofR. lacustrisby some workers]

Rutilus virgo(Heckel 1852) Latin for maid or maiden, probably referring to the German vernacularFraufisch (womanfish)

SarmarutilusBianco & Ketmaier 2014sarma, referring to Sarma Sea, an ancient European freshwater sea, whereS. rubilio probably had its evolutionary roots;Rutilus, referring to previous placement in that genus

Sarmarutilus rubilio(Bonaparte 1837) presumably a diminutive ofrubella, referring to similarity of head shape and head proportion toLeuciscus rubella (now considered conspecific)

ScardiniusBonaparte 1837 probably a Latinization ofscardafa, Roman and Italian vernacular forS. scardafa

Scardinius acarnanicusEconomidis 1991 –icus (L.), belonging to: Acarnania, region of west-central Greece that encompasses Acheleoos River basin, type locality

Scardinius dergleHeckel & Kner 1858 vernacular for this species in Dalmatia (southern Croatia)

Scardinius elmaliensisBogutskaya 1997 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Elmali, in Vilayet Antalya, southern Turkey, type locality

Scardinius erythrophthalmus(Linnaeus 1758) red-eyed, from erythrós (ἐρυθρός), red, andophthalmós (ὀφθαλμός), eye, referring to red fleck on iris

Scardinius graecusStephanidis 1937 fromgraikós (γραικός), Greek, a fish endemic to Greece

Scardinius hesperidicusBonaparte 1845 –icus (L.), belonging to: the Hesperides, nymphs in Greek mythology who tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, perhaps referring to type locality in the lakes of Piedmont in the far western corner of Italy

Scardinius knezeviciBianco & Kottelat 2005 in honor of the late Borivoj Knezevic (1948–1988), Montenegrin biologist who dedicated his life to the study and conservation of the freshwater fishes of Montenegro

Scardinius plotizzaHeckel & Kner 1858 local vernacular for this species, and perhaps for all species of “Weissfische” (whitefish) in Croatia and/or Bosnia-Herzegovina

Scardinius racovitzaiMüller 1958 in memory of Romanian biospeologist Emil G. Racovitza (1868–1947) on the tenth anniversary of his death

Scardinius scardafa(Bonaparte 1837) Roman and Italian vernacular for this species

SqualiusBonaparte 1837 proposed as a subgenus ofLeuciscus, presumably named forL. squalus with an “i” added to avoid homonymy with the shark genusSqualus (in classical Latin,squalus refers to both a shark or dogfish andS. squalus); in addition, name could also be a Latinization ofsquaglio, the vernacular name ofS. squalus in Rome and surrounding areas (Holger Funk, pers. comm.)

Squalius adanaensisTuran, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: city and eponymous province of Adana, Turkey, type locality

Squalius agdamicusKamensky 1901 –icus (L.), pertaining to: near Agdam, Kuyra River basin, Azerbaijan, type locality

Squalius alburnoides(Steindachner 1866) –oides, Neo-Latin fromeī́dos (εἶδος), form or shape:Alburnus, referring to similarity of elongate body shape, narrow upward-facing mouth, and strongly notched teeth

Squalius anatolicus(Bogutskaya 1997) –icus (L.), belonging to: Anatolia, geographic and historical term denoting westernmost protrusion of Asia (Asia Minor), where Europe and Asian meet, comprising most of Turkey, where it is endemic

Squalius aradensis(Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Arade River, Silves, Arade basin, Portugal, type locality

Squalius aristotelisÖzuluğ & Freyhof 2011 named for Aristotle (384– 322 BC), Greek philosopher who lived from 348–245 BC in Assos, Turkey, type locality

Squalius berakHeckel 1843 Syrian vernacular for this species

Squalius caetobrigus Mendes, Perea, Sousa, Sousa-Santos & Doadrio 2024 derived from Caetobriga, Roman name of the present-day city of Setúbal, Portugal, the “most important locality” in the Sado River basin, where this species is endemic

Squalius cappadocicusÖzuluğ & Freyhof 2011 –icus (L.), belonging to: Cappadocia, region in Central Anatolia where it occurs

Squalius carinusÖzuluğ & Freyhof 2011 Latin for nut-brown, referring to its dark-brown color in life

Squalius carolitertii(Doadrio 1988) Latinization of Carlos III, in honor of the Spanish king who founded in 1777 the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid (where Doadrio and holotype are located)

Squalius castellanusDoadrio, Perea & Alonso 2007 –anus (L.), belonging to: Castille, Spanish region where it occurs

Squalius cephalus(Linnaeus 1758) fromkephalḗ (κεφαλή), head, referring to its large, broad head, a name dating tocapito of Ausonius (ca. 310–ca. 395)

Squalius cii(Richardson 1857) of Cius, ancient name of Gemelik River, northwestern Turkey, type locality

Squalius fellowesii(Günther 1868) in honor of British archaeologist Charles Fellowes (1799–1860), who presented holotype to the British Museum (Natural History)

Squalius gaditanusDoadrio & Perea 2023 –anus (L.), belonging to: Gades (Latin) or Gadir (Phoenician) names of Cádiz province, Spain, where this species occurs

Squalius illyricusHeckel & Kner 1858 –icus (L.), belonging to: Illyria, ancient name for western part of Balkan Peninsula, where type locality (Dalmatia, Croatia) is situated

Squalius irideus(Ladiges 1960) Latin for rainbow-like, referring to coloration in life, with reddish-golden sides, iridescent purple on shoulder, and silver belly

Squalius keadicus(Stephanidis 1971) –icus (L.), belonging to: Keadas (or Kaiadas), a chasm or precipice tributary to the Evrotas River (type locality), where ancient Spartans threw disabled and deformed babies to die

Squalius kosswigi(Karaman 1972) in honor of Turkish zoologist and geneticist Curt Kosswig (1903–1982), who collected holotype

Squalius kottelatiTuran, Yilmaz & Kaya 2009 in honor of Swiss ichthyologist Maurice Kottelat (b. 1957), for his contributions to knowledge of the fishes of Europe and Asia

Squalius laietanusDoadrio, Kottelat & de Sostoa 2007 –anus (L.), belonging to: the Laietani, a Bronze-Age tribe inhabiting an area partly corresponding to present-day Catalonia, Spain, where this species occurs

Squalius latusKeyserling 1861 Latin for wide or broad, possibly referring to its “broad, flat face” (translation)

Squalius lepidusHeckel 1843 Latin for fine, pleasant or elegant, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its reddish fins

Squalius lucumonis(Bianco 1983) Latinization ofLucumone, a person of authority to the ancient Etruscians, the type locality being the former Etruscan region of Italy

Squalius malacitanusDoadrio & Carmona 2006 –anus (L.), belonging to: province of Málaga (Malaca in Latin), Spain, where it occurs

Squalius microlepisHeckel 1843micro-, frommikrós (μικρός), small;lepís (λεπίς), scale, referring to its small scales, 74 along lateral line

Squalius moreoticus(Stephanidis 1971) –icus (L.), belonging to: Morea, ancient name of Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece, general area of type locality, Stymphalis Lake, Peloponnesus

Squalius namakKhaefi, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Geiger & Freyhof 2016 named for the Namak Lake basin, one of two basins in Iran where it occurs (the other is the Kavir basin)

Squalius orientalis(Nordmann 1840) Latin for eastern, referring to type locality east of Europe (Abkhazia)

Squalius orpheusKottelat & Economidis 2006 named for Orpheus, legendary Thracian musician and poet, son of Thracian river-god Oiagros and the Muse Calliopte (also spelled Calliope), referring to its occurrence in Thrace, Greece

Squalius palaciosi(Doadrio 1980) in honor of Fernando Palacios Arribas, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Marid, Spain), for his “tireless” (translation) research of Spanish vertebrates [sometimes placed inIberocypris, treated here as a synonym ofSqualius]

Squalius pamvoticus(Stephanidis 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Lake Pamvotis, central Greece, type locality

Squalius peloponensis(Valenciennes 1844) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Peloponnese, Greece, type locality

Squalius platycepsZupančič, Marić, Naseka & Bogutskaya 2010platýs (πλατύς), wide or broad; –ceps (Neo-Latin), headed, referring to its wide head (52–59% of head length)

Squalius prespensis(Fowler 1977) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Lake Prespa basin (Greece, Macedonia, Albania), where it is endemic

Squalius pursakensis(Hankó 1925) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: etymology not explained nor evident, possibly referring to Pursak Su, a tributary of the Sakarya River, Turkey (species occurs in Sakarya drainage)

Squalius pyrenaicus(Günther 1868) –icus (L.), belonging to: Pyrenees, mountain range separating Iberian Peninsula from rest of continental Europe, described from Mondego and Cintra (Sintra) rivers of Portugal

Squalius recurvirostrisÖzuluğ & Freyhof 2011recurvus (L.), curved upwards;rostris, Neo-Latin scientific adjective ofrostrum (L.), snout, referring to upturned snout in large individuals

Squalius ruffoi(Bianco & Recchia 1983) in honor of Italian naturalist Sandro Ruffo (1915–2010), former Director of Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona

Squalius semaeTuran, Kottelat & Bayçelebia 2017 in honor of Sema Turan, “beloved” wife of first author

Squalius seyhanensisTuran, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Seyhan River drainage, Turkey, where it is endemic

Squalius spuriusHeckel 1843 Latin for false or illegitmate, allusion not explained, perhaps referring to its close similarity toS. cephalopsis (=Leuciscus cephalus)

Squalius squalus(Bonaparte 1837) ancient name for this species, dating to the Roman scholar Varro (116 BC–27 BC); could also be a Latinization ofsquaglio, the vernacular name ofS. squalusin Rome and surrounding areas (Holger Funk, pers. comm.)

Squalius svallizeHeckel & Kner 1858 Croatian vernacular for this species

Squalius tartessicusDoadrio, Sousa-Santos  & Perea 2023–icus (L.), belonging to: Tartessos, a culture that for about 400 years (8th-5th centuries BC) was present in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where this species occurs

Squalius tenellusHeckel 1843 Latin for somewhat tender or delicate, allusion not explained, but here is a guess: referring to its small scales, 80 along lateral line

Squalius torgalensis(Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Torgal River, Mira basin, Portugal, type locality

Squalius turcicusDe Filippi 1865 –icus (L.), belonging to: Turkey, described from River Arax (Aras Nehr), near Erzurum, Turkey

Squalius valentinusDoadrio & Carmona 2006 Roman name of Valencia, Spanish region where it occurs

Squalius vardarensisKaraman 1928 –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Vardar River drainage (Macedonia), type locality

Squalius verepiTuran 2022 in honor of Turkish biologist Bülent Verep (b. 1971), Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, who has “always supported” Turan throughout his research

Squalius zrmanjaeKaraman 1928 of Zrmanja River, Croatia, type locality

TelestesBonaparte 1837 etymology not explained, perhaps fromteléstēs (τελέστης), completer or finisher (if so, allusion not evident); Jordan (1877) reports the name means “perfect” derived fromtéleios(τέλειος), which can also mean “without spot or blemish,” but nothing in Bonaparte’s description supports this explanation (Telestes is also a murdered king of ancient Corinth [748 BC] and a poet of 5th-century Greece)

Telestes alfiensis(Stephanidis 1971) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Alfios River drainage, Peloponnesus, type locality

Telestes beoticus(Stephanidis 1939) –icus (L.), belonging to: Boeotia, Greece, where Lake Yliki (type locality) is situated

Telestes comes(Costa 1838) Latin for companion, described as almost always occurring with (or accompanying)Cyprinus dobula (=Leuciscus leuciscus)

Telestes croaticus(Steindachner 1866) –icus (L.), belongng to: Croatia, where it is endemic

Telestes dabarBogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012 named for Dabarsko, or Dabar Polje, Bosnia-Herzegovina, type locality

Telestes fontinalis(Karaman 1972) Latin for “of a spring or fountain,” referring to its spring habitat (also occurs in clearwater streams and enters subterranean waters during winter and droughts)

Telestes karsticusMarčić & Mrakovčić 2011 –icus (L.), belongng to: karst region in Croatia, where it is endemic

Telestes metohiensis(Steindachner 1901) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: Metohia, Dalmatia, Yugoslavia (now Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina), type locality

Telestes miloradiBogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012 in honor of Croatian zoologist Milorad Mrakovčić (b. 1949), University of Zagreb, for his many contributions to the study of freshwater fishes in the Adriatic basin

Telestes montenigrinus(Vukovic 1963) –inus (L.), pertaining to: Montenegro, where Drina River, Moraca, type locality, is situated

Telestes muticellus(Bonaparte 1837) etymology not explained, possibly a Latinization ofmuticello, Tuscan vernacular for this species in Italy

Telestes pleurobipunctatus(Stephanidis 1939)pleurá (πλευρά), side;bi-, frombis (L.), twice;punctatus (L.), spotted, referring to a “double melanic or melanophore dotted line” (translation) along the sides

Telestes polylepisSteindachner 1866polý (πολύ), many;lepís (λεπίς), scale, referring to “small, extremely delicate scales” (translation), 68–71 along lateral line

Telestes savignyiBonaparte 1840 based on a manuscript or museum name (spelledsavignii) coined by Valenciennes, in honor of French zoologist Marie Jules César Savigny (1777–1851), who collected holotype [often spelled without the genitive “i”]

Telestes souffia(Risso 1827) derived fromsoufie andsoufia, vernaculars for this species in France

Telestes turskyi(Heckel 1843) in honor of Gen. Ritter von Tursky (1778–1856), governor of Dalmatia, whose support allowed Heckel to study the little-known fishes of present-day Croatia

Telestes ukliva(Heckel 1843) presumably Croatian vernacular for this species

TropidophoxinellusStephanidis 1974tropidos (τροπιδοσ), genitive oftrópis (τρόπις), keel, referring to scaleless keel between ventral fins and vent;Phoxinellus, described as “very close” to that genus

Tropidophoxinellus callensis(Guichenot 1850) –ensis, Latin suffix denoting place: La Calle, Algeria, type locality

Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni(Vaillant 1904) in honor of the viscount Henri de Chaignon (1833–1917), vice president, Société d’Histoire naturelle d’Autun, who collected holotype

Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus(Stephanidis 1971) from hellenikós (ἑλληνικός), Greek, a species endemic to Greece

Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus(Schmidt-Ries 1943) –icus (L.), belonging to: Sparta, prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on banks of the River Eurotas (also spelled Evrotas), referring to its occurrence in present-day Peloponnese

TurcichondrostomaTuran, Küçük, Güçlü & Aksu 2021Turcia, Latin for Turkey, whereT. fahirae is endemic, i.e., a TurkishChondrostoma (previous genus)

Turcichondrostoma fahirae(Ladiges 1960) in honor of Turkish zoologist Fahire Battalgazi (formerly Battalgil, 1902–1948), under whose research program holotype was collected

VimbaFitzinger 1873 tautonymous withCyprinus vimbaLinnaeus 1758, presumably derived from its Swedish vernacular,vimma

Vimba melanops(Heckel 1837)mélanos (μέλανος), genitive ofmélas (μέλας), black;ṓps (ὦψ), face or appearance, presumably referring to its overall dark coloration

Vimba mirabilis(Ladiges 1960) Latin for extraordinary or singular, referring to its distribution in western Anatolia, far from normal distribution of its presumed congeners inAcanthobrama (e.g., eastern Anatolia, Syria, Palestine)

Vimba persa(Pallas 1814) Latin for a Persian, referring to its occurrence in Iran (southern Caspian Sea drainage)

Vimba tenella(Nordmann 1840) Latin for somewhat tender or delicate, referring to its small size (“barely reaching five inches,” the smallestAbramis [original genus] Nordmann knew of), and/or its small, thin scales [often misspelledtenellus; treated as a subspecies or junior synonym ofV. vimba by some workers]

Vimba vimba(Linnaeus 1758) presumably derived from its Swedish vernacular,vimma